bims-tumhet Biomed News
on Tumor Heterogeneity
Issue of 2023–05–21
four papers selected by
Sergio Marchini, Humanitas Research



  1. Clin Cancer Res. 2023 May 16. pii: CCR-23-0652. [Epub ahead of print]
      Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors exploit synthetic lethality in homologous recombination deficient (HDR) cells and are standard of care treatment in newly diagnosed and relapsed epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). A recent article demonstrated that a second course of olaparib can be safely administered to women with BRCA mutated EOC.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-23-0652
  2. Commun Biol. 2023 May 16. 6(1): 527
      Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) renders cancer cells vulnerable to unrepaired double-strand breaks and is an important therapeutic target as exemplified by the clinical efficacy of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as well as the platinum chemotherapy drugs applied to HRD patients. However, it remains a challenge to predict HRD status precisely and economically. Copy number alteration (CNA), as a pervasive trait of human cancers, can be extracted from a variety of data sources, including whole genome sequencing (WGS), SNP array, and panel sequencing, and thus can be easily applied clinically. Here we systematically evaluate the predictive performance of various CNA features and signatures in HRD prediction and build a gradient boosting machine model (HRDCNA) for pan-cancer HRD prediction based on these CNA features. CNA features BP10MB[1] (The number of breakpoints per 10MB of DNA is 1) and SS[ > 7 & <=8] (The log10-based size of segments is greater than 7 and less than or equal to 8) are identified as the most important features in HRD prediction. HRDCNA suggests the biallelic inactivation of BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, and BARD1 as the major genetic basis for human HRD, and may also be applied to effectively validate the pathogenicity of BRCA1/2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Together, this study provides a robust tool for cost-effective HRD prediction and also demonstrates the applicability of CNA features and signatures in cancer precision medicine.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-04901-3
  3. Clin Transl Med. 2023 May;13(5): e1264
      
    Keywords:  RNA-Sequencing; Single Cell Sequencing; Spatial Transcriptomics; Transcriptomics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/ctm2.1264
  4. J Transl Med. 2023 May 18. 21(1): 330
      Spatial transcriptomics technologies developed in recent years can provide various information including tissue heterogeneity, which is fundamental in biological and medical research, and have been making significant breakthroughs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) cannot provide spatial information, while spatial transcriptomics technologies allow gene expression information to be obtained from intact tissue sections in the original physiological context at a spatial resolution. Various biological insights can be generated into tissue architecture and further the elucidation of the interaction between cells and the microenvironment. Thus, we can gain a general understanding of histogenesis processes and disease pathogenesis, etc. Furthermore, in silico methods involving the widely distributed R and Python packages for data analysis play essential roles in deriving indispensable bioinformation and eliminating technological limitations. In this review, we summarize available technologies of spatial transcriptomics, probe into several applications, discuss the computational strategies and raise future perspectives, highlighting the developmental potential.
    Keywords:  Methodology; Spatial transcriptomics; Tissue heterogeneity
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-023-04150-2