J Biol Chem. 2022 Aug 10. pii: S0021-9258(22)00811-0. [Epub ahead of print]
102368
During translation initiation, the underlying mechanism by which the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E, eIF4A, and eIF4G components of eIF4F coordinate their binding activities to regulate eIF4F binding to mRNA is poorly defined. Here, we used fluorescence anisotropy to generate thermodynamic and kinetic frameworks for the interaction of uncapped RNA with human eIF4F. We demonstrate the binding of eIF4E to an autoinhibitory domain in eIF4G generates a high-affinity binding conformation of the eIF4F complex for RNA. Additionally, we show the nucleotide-bound state of the eIF4A component further regulates uncapped RNA binding by eIF4F, with a four-fold decrease in the equilibrium dissociation constant observed in the presence versus absence of ATP. By monitoring uncapped RNA dissociation in real time, we reveal ATP reduces the dissociation rate constant of RNA for eIF4F by ∼4-orders of magnitude. Thus, release of ATP from eIF4A places eIF4F in a highly dynamic state that has very fast association and dissociation rates from RNA. Monitoring the kinetic framework for eIF4A binding to eIF4G revealed two different rate constants that likely reflect two conformational states of the eIF4F complex. Furthermore, we determined the eIF4G autoinhibitory domain promotes a more stable, less dynamic, eIF4A binding state, which is overcome by eIF4E binding. Overall, our data support a model whereby eIF4E binding to eIF4G/4A stabilizes a high-affinity RNA-binding state of eIF4F and enables eIF4A to adopt a more dynamic interaction with eIF4G. This dynamic conformation may contribute to the ability of eIF4F to rapidly bind and release mRNA during scanning.
Keywords: RNA; cooperativity; eIF4A; eIF4E; eIF4F; eIF4G; translation initiation