bims-tofagi 2024-01-28 papers

Mol Neurodegener. 2024 Jan 25. 19(1): 12

Mitochondrial CISD1/Cisd accumulation blocks mitophagy and genetic or pharmacological inhibition rescues neurodegenerative phenotypes in Pink1/parkin models.

Aitor Martinez, Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez, Jake T Pickering, Madeleine J Twyning, Ana Terriente-Felix, Po-Lin Chen, Chun-Hong Chen, Alexander J Whitworth.

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial dysfunction and toxic protein aggregates have been shown to be key features in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Functional analysis of genes linked to PD have revealed that the E3 ligase Parkin and the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 are important factors for mitochondrial quality control. PINK1 phosphorylates and activates Parkin, which in turn ubiquitinates mitochondrial proteins priming them and the mitochondrion itself for degradation. However, it is unclear whether dysregulated mitochondrial degradation or the toxic build-up of certain Parkin ubiquitin substrates is the driving pathophysiological mechanism leading to PD. The iron-sulphur cluster containing proteins CISD1 and CISD2 have been identified as major targets of Parkin in various proteomic studies.
METHODS: We employed in vivo Drosophila and human cell culture models to study the role of CISD proteins in cell and tissue viability as well as aged-related neurodegeneration, specifically analysing aspects of mitophagy and autophagy using orthogonal assays.
RESULTS: We show that the Drosophila homolog Cisd accumulates in Pink1 and parkin mutant flies, as well as during ageing. We observed that build-up of Cisd is particularly toxic in neurons, resulting in mitochondrial defects and Ser65-phospho-Ubiquitin accumulation. Age-related increase of Cisd blocks mitophagy and impairs autophagy flux. Importantly, reduction of Cisd levels upregulates mitophagy in vitro and in vivo, and ameliorates pathological phenotypes in locomotion, lifespan and neurodegeneration in Pink1/parkin mutant flies. In addition, we show that pharmacological inhibition of CISD1/2 by rosiglitazone and NL-1 induces mitophagy in human cells and ameliorates the defective phenotypes of Pink1/parkin mutants.
CONCLUSION: Altogether, our studies indicate that Cisd accumulation during ageing and in Pink1/parkin mutants is a key driver of pathology by blocking mitophagy, and genetically and pharmacologically inhibiting CISD proteins may offer a potential target for therapeutic intervention.

Keywords: Ageing; Autophagy; CISD1; CISD2; Cisd; Mitochondria; Mitophagy; Neurodegeneration; PINK1; Parkin; Parkinson’s disease

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-024-00701-3

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 ;14 1281213

Sirtuins mediate mitochondrial quality control mechanisms: a novel therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

Tianchi Zhang, Lining Wang, Xiping Duan, Yuanyuan Niu, Muzhe Li, Li Yun, Haitao Sun, Yong Ma, Yang Guo.

Mitochondria plays a role in cell differentiation and apoptosis processes. Maintaining mitochondrial function is critical, and this involves various aspects of mitochondrial quality control such as protein homeostasis, biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy. Osteoporosis, a metabolic bone disorder, primarily arises from two factors: the dysregulation between lipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of aging bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and the imbalance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Mitochondrial quality control has the potential to mitigate or even reverse the effects. Among the Sirtuin family, consisting of seven Sirtuins (SIRT1-7), SIRT1-SIRT6 play a crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. Additionally, SIRT1, SIRT3, SIRT6, and SIRT7 are directly involved in normal bone development and homeostasis by modulating bone cells. However, the precise mechanism by which these Sirtuins exert their effects remains unclear. This article reviews the impact of various aspects of mitochondrial quality control on osteoporosis, focusing on how SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 can improve osteoporosis by regulating mitochondrial protein homeostasis, biogenesis, and mitophagy. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the current state of clinical and preclinical drugs that can activate Sirtuins to improve osteoporosis. Specific Sirtuin-activating compounds are effective, but further studies are needed. The findings of this study may offer valuable insights for future research on osteoporosis and the development of clinical prevention and therapeutic target strategies.

Keywords: bone; mitochondrial dysfunction; mitochondrial quality control; osteoporosis; sirtuins

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1281213

Mitochondrion. 2024 Jan 19. pii: S1567-7249(24)00005-9. [Epub ahead of print]75 101847

Mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy: Molecular structure, orchestrating mechanism and related disorders.

Haoran Wang, Wenjun Luo, Haoyu Chen, Zhiduan Cai, Guibin Xu.

Mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy play essential roles in normal cellular physiological activities, while abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy can cause cancer and related disorders. Abnormal mitochondrial dynamics usually occur in parallel with mitochondrial autophagy. Both have been reported to have a synergistic effect and can therefore complement or inhibit each other. Progress has been made in understanding the classical mitochondrial PINK1/Parkin pathway and mitochondrial dynamical abnormalities. Still, the mechanisms and regulatory pathways underlying the interaction between mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics remain unexplored. Like other existing reviews, we review the molecular structure of proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy, and how their abnormalities can lead to the development of related diseases. We will also review the individual or synergistic effects of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy leading to cellular proliferation, differentiation and invasion. In addition, we explore the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy to contribute to targeted and precise regulation of mitochondrial function. Through the study of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial autophagy regulation mechanisms, as well as the role of early disease development, effective targets for mitochondrial function regulation can be proposed to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment of the associated disorders.

Keywords: Mitochondrial autophagy; Mitochondrial dynamics; Mitochondrial fission; Mitochondrial fusion; Orchestrating mechanism

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2024.101847

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Jan 20. pii: S0147-6513(24)00070-8. [Epub ahead of print]271 115995

Downregulation of Ambra1 by altered DNA methylation exacerbates dopaminergic neuron damage in a fenpropathrin-induced Parkinson-like mouse model.

Songzhe He, Qi Qu, Xi Chen, Li Zhao, Zhigang Jiao, Zhiting Wan, Hang Fai Kwok, Shaogang Qu.

Fenpropathrin (Fen), a volatile pyrethroid insecticide, is used widely for agricultural applications and has been reported to increase the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular basis, underlying mechanisms, and pathophysiology of Fen-exposed Parkinsonism remain unknown. Recent studies have revealed epigenetic mechanisms underlying PD-related pathway regulation, including DNA methylation. Epigenetic mechanisms are potential targets for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases. After whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of midbrain tissues from a Fen-exposed PD-like mouse model, we performed an association analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression. Then we successfully screened for the DNA methylation differential gene Ambra1, which is closely related to PD. The hypermethylation-low expression Ambra1 gene aggravated DA neuron damage in vitro and in vivo through the Ambra1/Parkin/LC3B-mediated mitophagy pathway. We administered 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) to upregulate Ambra1 expression, thereby reducing Ambra1-mediated mitophagy and protecting DA neurons against Fen-induced damage. In conclusion, these findings elucidate the potential function of Ambra1 under the regulation of DNA methylation, suggesting that the inhibition of DNA methylation may alleviate Fen-exposed neuron damage.

Keywords: Ambra1; Dopaminergic neuron; Fenpropathrin; Mitophagy; Parkinson’s disease

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.115995