bims-supasi 2024-02-11 papers

bims-supasi

Biomed News

on Sulfation pathways and signalling

Issue of 2024–02–11
fiveteen papers selected by
Jonathan Wolf Mueller, University of Birmingham

Distinct mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of low-molecular-weight heparin and chondroitin sulfate on Parkinson's disease.
Synthesis and Detection of BODIPY-, Biotin-, and 19F- Labeled Single-Entity Dendritic Heparan Sulfate Mimetics.
Recent progress in marine chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains as potential functional foods and therapeutic agents.
Dissection of N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase activities of NDST1 and their effects on Wnt8 distribution and signaling in Xenopus embryos.
Utilizing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and its ratio for detecting mild autonomous cortisol excess in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.
Chondroitin sulfate modification of CSPG4 regulates the maintenance and differentiation of glioma initiating cells via integrin-associated signaling.
Heparan sulfate modified proteins affect cellular processes central to neurodegeneration and modulate presenilin function.
Synthesis of the 3'-O-sulfated TF antigen with a TEG-N3 linker for glycodendrimersomes preparation to study lectin binding.
Structural characterization of a distinct fucan sulfate from Pattalus mollis through an oligosaccharide mapping approach.
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 Provides New Treatment Approach to Preventing Peritoneal Dissemination in Ovarian Cancer.
Hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in chicken-vegetable bone broth delay osteoporosis progression.
The vaccinia chondroitin sulfate binding protein drives host membrane curvature to facilitate fusion.
Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4.
Sulfation on polysaccharides from Zizania latifolia extracted using ultrasound: Characterization, antioxidant and anti-non-small cell lung cancer activities.
Histone H3Y99sulf regulates hepatocellular carcinoma responding to hypoxia.

Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Jan 29. pii: S0141-8130(24)00649-4. [Epub ahead of print]262(Pt 1): 129846

Distinct mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of low-molecular-weight heparin and chondroitin sulfate on Parkinson's disease.

Qingchi Wang, Changkai Bu, Haoran Wang, Bin Zhang, Qingqing Chen, Deling Shi, Lianli Chi.

  Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by various factors, including age, genetics, and the environment. Current treatments provide symptomatic relief without impeding disease progression. Previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of exogenous heparin and chondroitin sulfate in PD. However, their therapeutic mechanisms and structure-activity relationships remain poorly understood. In this study, low-molecular-weight heparin (L-HP) and chondroitin sulfate (L-CS) exhibited favorable therapeutic effects in a mouse model of PD. Proteomics revealed that L-HP attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction through its antioxidant properties, whereas L-CS suppressed neuroinflammation by inhibiting platelet activation. Two glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding proteins, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD2) and fibrinogen beta chain (FGB), were identified as potential targets of L-HP and L-CS, and we investigated their structure-activity relationships. The IdoA2S-GlcNS6S/GlcNAc6S unit in HP bound to SOD2, whereas the GlcA-GalNAc4S and GlcA-GalNAc4S6S units in CS preferred FGB. Furthermore, N-S and 2-O-S in L-HP, and 4-O-S, 6-O-S, and -COOH in L-CS contributed significantly to the binding process. These findings provide new insights and evidence for the development and use of glycosaminoglycan-based therapeutics for PD.

Keywords:  Chondroitin sulfate; Heparin; Parkinson's disease; Structure-activity relationships; Therapeutic mechanism

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129846
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024 Feb 03. e202316791

Synthesis and Detection of BODIPY-, Biotin-, and 19F- Labeled Single-Entity Dendritic Heparan Sulfate Mimetics.

Sam Spijkers-Shaw, Rory G Devlin, Nicholas J Shields, Xiang Feng, Tessa Peck, Georgia Lenihan-Geels, Connor Davis, Sarah L Young, Anne C La Flamme, Olga V Zubkova.

  Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are naturally occurring mammalian glycosaminoglycans, and their synthetic and semi-synthetic mimetics have attracted significant interest as potential therapeutics. However, understanding the mechanism of action by which HS, heparin, and HS mimetics have a biological effect is difficult due to their highly charged nature, broad protein interactomes, and variable structures. Here we report that a library of novel single-entity dendritic mimetics conjugated to BODIPY, Fluorine-19 (19F), and biotin was synthesized for imaging and localization studies. The novel dendritic scaffold allowed for the conjugation of labeling moieties without reducing the number of sulfated capping groups, thereby better mimicking the multivalent nature of HS-protein interactions. The 19F labeled mimetics were assessed in phantom studies and were detected at concentrations as low as 5 mM. Flow cytometric studies using a fluorescently labeled mimetic showed that the compound associated with immune cells from tumors more readily than splenic counterparts and was directed to endosomal-lysosomal compartments within immune cells and cancer cells. Furthermore, the fluorescently labeled mimetic crossed the blood-brain barrier and was detectable in brain-infiltrating immune cells 24 hours after treatment.

Keywords:  Heparan sulfate * imaging * cancer * multiple sclerosis * dendrimer

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202316791
Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Feb 05. pii: S0141-8130(24)00772-4. [Epub ahead of print] 129969

Recent progress in marine chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate hybrid chains as potential functional foods and therapeutic agents.

Qingxia Yuan, Xiang Shi, Haiqiong Ma, Yue Yao, Baoshun Zhang, Longyan Zhao.

  Chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and CS/DS hybrid chains are natural complex glycosaminoglycans with high structural diversity and widely distributed in marine organisms, such as fish, shrimp, starfish, and sea cucumber. Numerous CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains with various structures and activities have been obtained from marine animals and have received extensive attention. However, only a few of these hybrid chains have been well-characterized and commercially developed. This review presents information on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, potential action mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships of marine CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains. We also discuss the challenges and perspectives in the research of CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains. This review may provide a useful reference for the further investigation, development, and application of CS, DS, and CS/DS hybrid chains in the fields of functional foods and therapeutic agents.

Keywords:  Activity; CS/DS hybrid chains; Chondroitin sulfate; Dermatan sulfate; Structure

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129969
Dev Growth Differ. 2024 Feb 07.

Dissection of N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase activities of NDST1 and their effects on Wnt8 distribution and signaling in Xenopus embryos.

Minako Suzuki, Shinji Takada, Yusuke Mii.

  Wnt is a family of secreted signaling proteins involved in the regulation of cellular processes, including maintenance of stem cells, carcinogenesis, and cell differentiation. In the context of early vertebrate embryogenesis, graded distribution of Wnt proteins has been thought to regulate positional information along the antero-posterior axis. However, understanding of the molecular basis for Wnt spatial distribution remains poor. Modified states of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are essential for Wnt8 localization, because depletion of N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 1 (NDST1), a modification enzyme of HS chains, decreases Wnt8 levels and NDST1 overexpression increases Wnt8 levels on the cell surface. Since overexpression of NDST1 increases both deacetylation and N-sulfation of HS chains, it is not clear which function of NDST1 is actually involved in Wnt8 localization. In the present study, we generated an NDST1 mutant that specifically increases deacetylation, but not N-sulfation, of HS chains in Xenopus embryos. Unlike wild-type NDST1, this mutant did not increase Wnt8 accumulation on the cell surface, but it reduced canonical Wnt signaling, as determined with the TOP-Flash reporter assay. These results suggest that N-sulfation of HS chains is responsible for localization of Wnt8 and Wnt8 signaling, whereas deacetylation has an inhibitory effect on canonical Wnt signaling. Consistently, overexpression of wild-type NDST1, but not the mutant, resulted in small eyes in Xenopus embryos. Thus, our NDST1 mutant enables us to dissect the regulation of Wnt8 localization and signaling by HS proteoglycans by specifically manipulating the enzymatic activities of NDST1.

Keywords:  HSPGs; NDST; Wnt; Xenopus; morphogen

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/dgd.12915
J Med Life. 2023 Oct;16(10): 1456-1461

Utilizing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and its ratio for detecting mild autonomous cortisol excess in patients with adrenal incidentaloma.

Dheyaa Al-Waeli, Haider Alidrisi, Abbas Mansour.

  Subclinical Cushing syndrome is a condition of mild autonomous cortisol excess (MACE) that lacks typical features of Cushing syndrome but is associated with many complications. It represents a common hormonal dysfunction among patients with adrenal incidentaloma (AI), defined as unexpected masses or lesions found in the adrenal glands during radiological examinations of the chest or abdomen unrelated to adrenal gland assessment. The study evaluated the accuracy of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate ratio (calculated by dividing the DHEA-S value by the age and sex-adjusted normal range of DHEA-S) in detecting MACE in AI patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2021 to July 2022 at the Faiha Specialized Diabetes, Endocrine, and Metabolism Centre (FDEMC) in Basrah, southern Iraq, involving 38 AI patients. Comprehensive laboratory and radiological evaluations were performed, including tests for adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), renin, aldosterone, aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR), metanephrine, normetanephrine, cortisol, DHEA-S, and the 1-mg overnight dexamethasone suppression test (1-mg ONDST). Among the AI patients, 14% had MACE. Both DHEA-S ≤75 µg/dL and a DHEA-S ratio ≤1.7 exhibited a sensitivity of 80% each, with specificities of 73.3% and 76.6%, respectively, in diagnosing MACE in individuals aged ≤65 years. The negative predictive values were 95.7% and 95.8%, respectively. Low DHEA-S and DHEA-S ratio had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting MACE among AI patients aged ≤65 years, with strong negative predictive value.

Keywords:  Adrenal incidentaloma; DHEA-S; DHEA-S ratio; MACE; Mild autonomous cortisol excess; subclinical Cushing syndrome

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.25122/jml-2023-0092
J Biol Chem. 2024 Feb 01. pii: S0021-9258(24)00082-6. [Epub ahead of print] 105706

Chondroitin sulfate modification of CSPG4 regulates the maintenance and differentiation of glioma initiating cells via integrin-associated signaling.

Akiko Niibori-Nambu, Yoshimune Yamasaki, Daiki Kobayashi, Kiyohiko Angata, Atsushi Kuno, Orasa Panawan, Atit Silsilivanit, Hisashi Narimatsu, Norie Araki.

  Glioma stem/initiating cells (GSC/GIC) and their niches are considered responsible for the therapeutic resistance and recurrence of malignant glioma. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of GIC maintenance/differentiation, we performed a unique integrated proteogenomics utilizing GIC clones established from patient tumors having the potential to develop glioblastoma. After the integration and extraction of the transcriptomics/proteomics data, we found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) and its glyco-biosynthetic enzymes were significantly upregulated in GICs. Glyco-qPCR array revealed that chondroitin sulfate (CS) biosynthetic enzymes, such as xylosyltransferase 1 (XYLT1) and CHST11, were significantly downregulated during serum-induced GIC differentiation. Simultaneously, the CS modification on CSPG4 was characteristically decreased during the differentiation, and also downregulated by XYLT1 knockdown. Notably, the CS-degradation on CSPG4 by ChondroitinaseABC treatment dramatically induced GIC differentiation, which was significantly inhibited by the addition of CS. GIC growth and differentiation ability were significantly suppressed by CSPG4 knockdown, suggesting that CS-CSPG4 is an important factor in GIC maintenance/differentiation. To understand the molecular function of CS-CSPG4, we analyzed its associating proteins in GICs and found that CSPG4, but not CS-CSPG4, interacts with integrin αV during GIC differentiation. This event sequentially upregulates integrin-ERK signaling, which can be inhibited by cyclic-RGD integrin αV inhibitor. These results indicate that CS-CSPG4 regulates the GIC microenvironment for GIC maintenance/differentiation via the CS moiety which controls integrin signaling. This study demonstrates a novel function of CS on CSPG4 as a niche factor, so-called "glyco-niche" for GICs, and suggests that CS-CSPG4 could be a potential target for malignant glioma.

Keywords:  cancer stem cells; chondroitin sulfate; differentiation; glioblastoma; glycomics; proteomics

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105706
bioRxiv. 2024 Jan 24. pii: 2024.01.23.576895. [Epub ahead of print]

Heparan sulfate modified proteins affect cellular processes central to neurodegeneration and modulate presenilin function.

Nicholas Schultheis, Alyssa Connell, Alexander Kapral, Robert J Becker, Richard Mueller, Shalini Shah, Mackenzie O'Donnell, Matthew Roseman, Weihua Wang, Fei Yin, Ryan Weiss, Scott B Selleck.

Mutations in presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are the most common cause of familial, early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), typically producing cognitive deficits in the fourth decade. A variant of APOE, APOE3 Christchurch (APOE3ch) , was found associated with protection from both cognitive decline and Tau accumulation in a 70-year-old bearing the disease-causing PSEN1-E280A mutation. The amino acid change in ApoE3ch is within the heparan sulfate (HS) binding domain of APOE, and purified APOEch showed dramatically reduced affinity for heparin, a highly sulfated form of HS. The physiological significance of ApoE3ch is supported by studies of a mouse bearing a knock-in of this human variant and its effects on microglia reactivity and Aβ-induced Tau deposition. The studies reported here examine the function of heparan sulfate-modified proteoglycans (HSPGs) in cellular and molecular pathways affecting AD-related cell pathology in human cell lines and mouse astrocytes. The mechanisms of HSPG influences on presenilin- dependent cell loss and pathology were evaluated in Drosophila using knockdown of the presenilin homolog, Psn , together with partial loss of function of sulfateless (sfl) , a homolog of NDST1 , a gene specifically affecting HS sulfation. HSPG modulation of autophagy, mitochondrial function, and lipid metabolism were shown to be conserved in cultured human cell lines, Drosophila , and mouse astrocytes. RNAi of Ndst1 reduced intracellular lipid levels in wild-type mouse astrocytes or those expressing humanized variants of APOE, APOE3 , and APOE4 . RNA-sequence analysis of human cells deficient in HS synthesis demonstrated effects on the transcriptome governing lipid metabolism, autophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis and showed significant enrichment in AD susceptibility genes identified by GWAS. Neuron-directed knockdown of Psn in Drosophila produced cell loss in the brain and behavioral phenotypes, both suppressed by simultaneous reductions in sfl mRNA levels. Abnormalities in mitochondria, liposome morphology, and autophagosome-derived structures in animals with Psn knockdown were also rescued by simultaneous reduction of sfl. sfl knockdown reversed Psn- dependent transcript changes in genes affecting lipid transport, metabolism, and monocarboxylate carriers. These findings support the direct involvement of HSPGs in AD pathogenesis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.01.23.576895
Beilstein J Org Chem. 2024 ;20 173-180

Synthesis of the 3'-O-sulfated TF antigen with a TEG-N3 linker for glycodendrimersomes preparation to study lectin binding.

Mark Reihill, Hanyue Ma, Dennis Bengtsson, Stefan Oscarson.

  The synthesis of gram quantities of the TF antigen (β-ᴅ-Gal-(1→3)-α-ᴅ-GalNAc) and its 3'-sulfated analogue with a TEG-N3 spacer attached is described. The synthesis of the TF antigen comprises seven steps, from a known N-Troc-protected galactosamine donor, with an overall yield of 31%. Both the spacer (85%) and the galactose moiety (79%) were introduced using thioglycoside donors in NIS/AgOTf-promoted glycosylation reactions. The 3'-sulfate was finally introduced through tin activation in benzene/DMF followed by treatment with a sulfur trioxide-trimethylamine complex in a 66% yield.

Keywords:  Thomsen–Friedenreich antigen; regioselective sulfation; thioglycoside donors

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.17
Carbohydr Res. 2024 Feb 01. pii: S0008-6215(24)00031-4. [Epub ahead of print]536 109052

Structural characterization of a distinct fucan sulfate from Pattalus mollis through an oligosaccharide mapping approach.

Yan Ma, Zhichuang Zuo, Wenqi Zheng, Ronghua Yin, Xuewen Wu, Yujun Ma, Mengchen Ji, Wenwen Ma, Xian Li, Weilie Xiao, Na Gao, Jinhua Zhao.

  The elucidation of the precise structure of fucan sulfate is essential for understanding the structure-activity relationship and promoting potential biomedical applications. In this work, the structure of a distinct fucan sulfate fraction V (PmFS in Ref 15 and FSV in Ref 16 → PFV) from Pattalus mollis was investigated using an oligosaccharide mapping approach. Six size-homogeneous fractions were purified from the mild acid hydrolyzed PFV and identified as fucitols, disaccharides and trisaccharides by 1D/2D NMR and MS analysis. Significantly, the sulfation pattern, glycosidic linkages, and sequences of all the oligosaccharides were unambiguously identified. The common 2-desulfation of the reducing end residue of the oligosaccharides was observed. Overall, the backbone of PFV was composed of L-Fuc2S (major) and L-Fuc3S (minor) linked by α1,4 glycosidic bonds. Importantly, the branches contain both monosaccharide and disaccharide linked to the backbone by α1,3 glycosidic linkages. Thus, the tentative structure of natural PFV was shown to be {-(R-α1,3)-L-Fuc2S-α1,4-(L-Fuc2S/3S-α1,4)x-}n, where R is L-Fuc(2S)4S-α1,3/4-L-Fuc4S(0S)- or L-Fuc(2S)4S-. Our results provide insight into the heterogeneous structure of the fucan sulfate found in sea cucumbers. Additionally, PFV and its fractions showed strong anticoagulant and anti-iXase activities, which may be related to the distinct structure of PFV.

Keywords:  Fucan sulfate; Mild acid hydrolysis; Oligosaccharide; Sea cucumber; Structure

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2024.109052
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 28. pii: 1626. [Epub ahead of print]25(3):

Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan 4 Provides New Treatment Approach to Preventing Peritoneal Dissemination in Ovarian Cancer.

Kaname Uno, Yoshihiro Koya, Masato Yoshihara, Shohei Iyoshi, Kazuhisa Kitami, Mai Sugiyama, Emiri Miyamoto, Kazumasa Mogi, Hiroki Fujimoto, Yoshihiko Yamakita, Xinhui Wang, Akihiro Nawa, Hiroaki Kajiyama.

  Most epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients are diagnosed with peritoneal dissemination. Cellular interactions are an important aspect of EOC cells when they detach from the primary site of the ovary. However, the mechanism remains underexplored. Our study aimed to reveal the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) in EOC with a major focus on cell-cell interactions. We examined the expression of CSPG4 in clinical samples and cell lines of EOC. The proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of the CSPG4 knockdown cells were assessed. We also assessed the role of CSPG4 in spheroid formation and peritoneal metastasis in an in vivo model using sh-CSPG4 EOC cell lines. Of the clinical samples, 23 (44.2%) samples expressed CSPG4. CSPG4 was associated with a worse prognosis in patients with advanced EOC. Among the EOC cell lines, aggressive cell lines, including ES2, expressed CSPG4. When CSPG4 was knocked down using siRNA or shRNA, the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were significantly decreased compared to the control cells. Proteomic analyses showed changes in the expression of proteins related to the cell movement pathways. Spheroid formation was significantly inhibited when CSPG4 was inhibited. The number of nodules and the tumor burden of the omentum were significantly decreased in the sh-CSPG4 mouse models. In the peritoneal wash fluid from mice injected with sh-CSPG4 EOC cells, significantly fewer spheroids were present. Reduced CSPG4 expression was observed in lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1-inhibited cells. CSPG4 is associated with aggressive features of EOC and poor prognosis. CSPG4 could be a new treatment target for blocking peritoneal metastasis by inhibiting spheroid formation.

Keywords:  cancer spheroids; cell–cell interaction; chondroitin sulfate; ovarian cancer; peritoneal metastasis

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031626
J Food Sci. 2024 Feb 05.

Hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in chicken-vegetable bone broth delay osteoporosis progression.

Yuka Seki, Risako Chiba Ohkuma, Yuri Miyakawa, Takeo Karakida, Ryuji Yamamoto, Yasuo Yamakoshi.

  Bone broth has recently gained worldwide recognition as a superfood that supplements several nutrients lacking in modern human diets; however, little is known of its efficacy on osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to identify the components of chicken-vegetable bone broth (CVBB) that are associated with osteoporosis prevention and verified the efficacy of these components using in vivo studies. In biochemical and cell biological experiments, CVBB was fractionated using ion exchange chromatography (IEC), and the effect of each IEC fraction on osteoclast differentiation was evaluated based on tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, TRAP staining, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis using mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264 cell). In animal experiments, an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was generated, followed by whole bone broth (OVX/CVBB) or IEC fraction (OVX/CVBB-Ext) administration and bone structural parameter characterization of OVX rat tibia based on micro-CT. Four CVBB fractions were obtained using IEC, and the fraction containing both hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate (CVBB-Ext) led to the maximum inhibition of RAW264 cell differentiation. CVBB-Ext downregulated the expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes. In animal experiments, the OVX group showed a clear decrease in bone density compared to that in the Sham operation group. The OVX/CVBB and OVX/CVBB-Ext groups showed increased bone mineral density and bone volume/tissue volume values compared to those in the OVX/control group. These results suggested that CVBB and CVBB-Ext slowed osteoporosis progression. Therefore, we conclude that hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate in CVBB are key substances that impede osteoporosis progression. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study provides practical information on the effects of bone broth ingredients on osteoporosis to expand the current knowledge on the efficacy of bone broth, which is a widely consumed food. These results may help in the future development of bone broth as a dietary supplement for managing osteoporosis.

Keywords:  bone broth; chondroitin sulfate; hyaluronan; osteoporosis; ovariectomized rats

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.16962
EMBO Rep. 2024 Feb 06.

The vaccinia chondroitin sulfate binding protein drives host membrane curvature to facilitate fusion.

Laura Pokorny, Jemima J Burden, David Albrecht, Rebecca Bamford, Kendra E Leigh, Pooja Sridhar, Timothy J Knowles, Yorgo Modis, Jason Mercer.

  Cellular attachment of viruses determines their cell tropism and species specificity. For entry, vaccinia, the prototypic poxvirus, relies on four binding proteins and an eleven-protein entry fusion complex. The contribution of the individual virus binding proteins to virion binding orientation and membrane fusion is unclear. Here, we show that virus binding proteins guide side-on virion binding and promote curvature of the host membrane towards the virus fusion machinery to facilitate fusion. Using a membrane-bleb model system together with super-resolution and electron microscopy we find that side-bound vaccinia virions induce membrane invagination in the presence of low pH. Repression or deletion of individual binding proteins reveals that three of four contribute to binding orientation, amongst which the chondroitin sulfate binding protein, D8, is required for host membrane bending. Consistent with low-pH dependent macropinocytic entry of vaccinia, loss of D8 prevents virion-associated macropinosome membrane bending, disrupts fusion pore formation and infection. Our results show that viral binding proteins are active participants in successful virus membrane fusion and illustrate the importance of virus protein architecture for successful infection.

Keywords:  Glycosaminoglycans; Membrane Bending; Membrane Fusion; Poxvirus; Virus Entry

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s44319-023-00040-2
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Feb 05. pii: 1931. [Epub ahead of print]25(3):

Tyrosine Sulfation at Antibody Light Chain CDR-1 Increases Binding Affinity and Neutralization Potency to Interleukine-4.

Aaron M D'Antona, Julie M Lee, Melvin Zhang, Clarence Friedman, Tao He, Lidia Mosyak, Eric Bennett, Laura Lin, Maddison Silverman, Funi Cometa, Caryl Meade, Tyler Hageman, Eric Sousa, Justin Cohen, Kimberly Marquette, Darren Ferguson, Xiaotian Zhong.

  Structure and function of therapeutic antibodies can be modulated by a variety of post-translational modifications (PTM). Tyrosine (Tyr) sulfation is a type of negatively charged PTM that occurs during protein trafficking through the Golgi. In this study, we discovered that an anti-interleukin (IL)-4 human IgG1, produced by transiently transfected HEK293 cells, contained a fraction of unusual negatively charged species. Interestingly, the isolated acidic species exhibited a two-fold higher affinity to IL-4 and a nearly four-fold higher potency compared to the main species. Mass spectrometry (MS) showed the isolated acidic species possessed an +80-Dalton from the expected mass, suggesting an occurrence of Tyr sulfation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we show the ability to control the acidic species during transient expression with the addition of Tyr sulfation inhibitor sodium chlorate or, conversely, enriched the acidic species from 30% to 92% of the total antibody protein when the IL-4 IgG was co-transfected with tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase genes. Further MS and mutagenesis analysis identified a Tyr residue at the light chain complementarity-determining region-1 (CDRL-1), which was sulfated specifically. These results together have demonstrated for the first time that Tyr sulfation at CDRL-1 could modulate antibody binding affinity and potency to a human immune cytokine.

Keywords:  antigen-binding affinity; complementarity-determining region (CDR); cytokine signaling; interleukine-4; tyrosine sulfation

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031931
Ultrason Sonochem. 2024 Feb 07. pii: S1350-4177(24)00051-8. [Epub ahead of print]103 106803

Sulfation on polysaccharides from Zizania latifolia extracted using ultrasound: Characterization, antioxidant and anti-non-small cell lung cancer activities.

Yang Zhang, Rongnan Nie, Wenxuan Liu, Shuaiyi Dong, Jingchun Yang, Xinyu Wang, Yang Wang, Lixue Zheng.

  Zizania latifolia is a highly nutritious vegetable being praised as "Ginseng in Water". Polysaccharides are the main bioactive ingredients in Z. latifolia, but there have been no reports on the yield- and activity-guided ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), sulfation and anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activity. In this study, Z. latifolia polysaccharides (ZLP) were extracted using UAE under an optimized power, followed by sulfation to give three derivatives (SZLP-1 ∼ 3). After characterization, the antioxidant and anti-NSCLC activities were evaluated. The optimal ultrasonic power for ZLP extraction was screened out to be 300 W, under which the yield was 16.9 ± 2.10 %, and the scavenging rate against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was 63.3 ± 5.71 %, significantly higher than those of other powers and hot-water extraction. A series of characterizations fully confirmed the sulfated modification of ZLP. Sulfation improved the antioxidation of ZLP and was positively proportional to the degree of substitution (DS), of which SZLP-2 with a DS of 15.1 ± 2.50 elicited strong hydroxyl and DPPH radicals-scavenging capacities. Meanwhile, SZLP-2 also exerted promising anti-NSCLC potency via inhibiting A549 cell proliferation, with a median inhibition concentration (IC50) of 0.57 ± 0.01 mg/mL at 72 h, markedly smaller than that of unmodified ZLP (0.78 ± 0.04 mg/mL). In summary, the yield- and activity-guided UAE led to the ZLP with high yield and strong antioxidation. Further sulfation enhanced the bioactivities and produced the promising SZLP-2, which showed great potential in the development of novel antioxidant and anti-NSCLC drug.

Keywords:  Anti-non-small cell lung cancer activity; Polysaccharides; Sulfation; Ultrasonic-assisted extraction; Yield- and antioxidation-guided strategy; Zizania latifolia

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106803
J Biol Chem. 2024 Feb 02. pii: S0021-9258(24)00097-8. [Epub ahead of print] 105721

Histone H3Y99sulf regulates hepatocellular carcinoma responding to hypoxia.

Sibi Yin, Weixing Yu, Runxin Zhou, Xiao Zeng, Li Jiang, Yu Wang, Dingyuan Guo, Fuqiang Tong, Leya He, Jun Zhao, Yugang Wang.

Histone H3 Tyr-99 sulfation (H3Y99sulf) is a recently identified histone mark that can cross-talk with H4R3me2a to regulate gene transcription, but its role in cancer biology is less studied. Here we report that H3Y99sulf is a cancer-associated histone mark that can mediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells responding to hypoxia. Hypoxia-stimulated Snail pathway elevates the expression of PAPSS2, which serves as a source of PAPS for histone sulfation and results in upregulation of H3Y99sulf. The transcription factor TDRD3 is the downstream effector of H3Y99sulf-H4R3me2a axis in HCC. It reads and co-localizes with the H3Y99sulf-H4R3me2a dual mark in the promoter regions of HIF1A and PDK1 to regulate gene transcription. Depletion of SULT1B1 can effectively reduce the occurrence of H3Y99sulf-H4R3me2a-TDRD3 axis in gene promoter regions and lead to downregulation of targeted gene transcription. HIF-1α and PDK1 are master regulators for hypoxic responses and cancer metabolism. Disruption of the H3Y99sulf-H4R3me2a-TDRD3 axis can inhibit the expression and functions of HIF-1α and PDK1, resulting in suppressed proliferation, tumor growth, and survival of HCC cells suffering hypoxia stress. The present study extends the regulatory and functional mechanisms of H3Y99sulf and improves our understanding of its role in cancer biology.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105721