bims-skolko Biomed News
on Scholarly communication
Issue of 2026–09–20
twenty-six papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society



  1. Am Surg. 2026 Sep 14. 31348261487667
      BackgroundWhether artificial intelligence can identify publishable scientific work is untested. We evaluated whether a multimodal large language model (MLLM) could predict, from poster content alone, which abstracts at the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) Annual Meetings reached publication, and characterized the investigator, institutional, and domain level determinants situating model performance.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 260 abstracts from the 2021-2022 AAST Annual Meetings. Bibliographic searches confirmed publication, and investigator sex, race, and ethnicity were inferred from public data. Variables were compared by t-tests and Pearson χ2 or Fisher exact tests, with multivariable logistic regression. GPT-4.1 scored poster images on a six-domain rubric averaged over 30 iterations.ResultsGPT-4.1 predicted publication with 58.5% accuracy overall (P = .009), but performance was domain-dependent, 74.2% in Violence, Societal, and Behavioral and 62.2% in Hemorrhage, Resuscitation, and Vascular Control, falling to chance in Critical Care and Outcomes and Systems, Technology, and Process Optimization. 142 (54.6%) reached publication at a mean of 13.4 months. Multicenter origin was the only independent predictor (P = .02). Hispanic investigators were underrepresented among first (P = .03) and senior (P = .01) authors, absent from the published Hemorrhage, Resuscitation, and Vascular Control subset.DiscussionThe model predicted publication where scientific content carried the signal and fell to chance where advancement depended on institutional factors absent from the poster-multicenter scaffolding, mentorship, and senior author fluency. Publication is determined jointly by what is legible on the page and structural advantage the model cannot read.
    Keywords:  authorship; congresses as topic; large language models; publishing; traumatology
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/00031348261487667
  2. Open Res Eur. 2026 ;6 236
      After years of advocacy in favour of Open Access (OA), it is a timely moment to assess whether knowledge of its meaning and practical implications has become truly established within a specific research community. This study analyses the evolution of attitudes and knowledge concerning OA among the staff at the Universitat Jaume I (UJI) between 2021 and 2024-a period marked by regulatory reforms in Spain and a significant rollout of institutional policies. To this end, we examine the results of two institutional surveys conducted in 2021 (N = 505) and 2024 (N = 330), categorising participants by academic career stage (R1-R4), field of knowledge, and gender. The study evaluates critical dimensions such as knowledge of OA pathways, the use of the institutional repository, and research data management. Our findings suggest that, although familiarity with the concept is increasing, the research community remains far from mastering the practical implications of Open Access. These data provide critical evidence regarding the effectiveness of Open Science policies in transforming academic culture.
    Keywords:  Open Access; Open Science Literacy; Repositories; Science Policy; Spain; University
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.24242.1
  3. PLoS One. 2026 ;21(9): e0355938
      We report a vignette study and a survey to investigate which study characteristics influence quality ratings psychology academics give of articles submitted for publication, and psychology academics and students to theses written by psychology students. In the vignette study, 800 respondents evaluated the quality of an abstract (7-point scale) of studies with small (N = 54) or large sample sizes (N = 540), showing statistically significant or non-significant results, and containing statistical reporting errors or no errors. In the subsequent survey, the same participants rated the importance of 29 manuscript characteristics related to a study's theory, design, conduct, data analyses, and presentation for assessing either the quality of a manuscript or its publishability (article) or grade (thesis). Results showed that quality ratings were affected by sample sizes but not by statistical significance or the presence of statistical reporting errors in the rated research vignette. Furthermore, in the survey academics and students provided highly similar ratings of the importance of different aspects relevant to quality assessment of articles and theses. These results suggest that quality criteria for scientific manuscripts are already adopted by students and are similar for submitted manuscripts and theses. Further research is needed to examine which study characteristics researchers consider most important when assessing a manuscript's quality in peer review.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0355938
  4. Science. 2026 Sep 17. 393(6817): 1175-1176
      The staple format also warrants a deeper rethink, some researchers say.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aem4441
  5. F1000Res. 2024 ;13 1502
       Background: Hybrid and gold open-access (OA) are common publishing models. The latter requires fees to allow full-text visibility, whereas hybrid journals offer the option to publish gold OA or for free (subscription-based) where users with access can get the full-text. We evaluated the association of the publishing model and other factors with medical journals' impact.
    Methods: A sample of hybrid and gold OA medical journals indexed in Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus were included. The association of the publishing model and other factors with journals' impact factor (IF), CiteScore, quartile, and number of citations was assessed.
    Results: A total of 402 journals were included, 201 in each group. Hybrid and gold OA journals had a median age of 32 and 21 years, respectively ( P<0.001). While gold OA journals had a slightly higher median IF (3.3 vs. 2.9; P=0.021), more hybrid journals had Q1 ranking in Scopus (57.7% vs. 43.8%; P=0.091). Publishing model, journal's age, affiliation with organization/society, and EMBASE indexation were not associated with IF, CiteScore, number of citations, and WOS quartile ( P>0.05). However, the gold OA model was not significantly associated with the Scopus Q1 ranking (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.80), indicating that hybrid journals were more likely to have such a ranking.
    Conclusion: These findings indicate that gold OA publishing does not result in higher impact or journal ranking. Therefore, authors can continue to submit their work to high impact hybrid journals if their interest is getting published in reputable prestigious journals regardless of their publishing model.
    Keywords:  hybrid; journal; journal impact factor; open-access; publisher; publishing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.159550.3
  6. J Korean Med Sci. 2026 Sep 14. 41(36): e235
       BACKGROUND: Social media has significantly impacted communication and information flow, making it a key academic topic today. As the field grows, the number of retractions has increased. This study aims to identify trends in research ethics by examining the bibliometric characteristics of retracted social media-related papers.
    METHODS: This descriptive study examined publications in the Scopus database labeled with "social media" and categorized under the "Retracted" document category. The study language was restricted to English, no time constraints were imposed, and all records from the initial retracted publication through 2025 were included. Distributions by country, institution, journal, author, keyword, year, and reasons for retraction were evaluated.
    RESULTS: A total of 141 retracted papers were detected. No significant increase in publication counts was detected from 2011 to 2025 (P = 0.053); however, a statistically significant rise in retraction numbers was identified (P = 0.008). The majority of retractions originated predominantly in Asia, particularly in China and India. The predominant retraction reason was "Investigation by Journal/Publisher" (n = 92). This was followed by "Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions" (n = 65) and "Concerns/Issues Regarding Referencing/Attributions" (n = 61).
    CONCLUSION: The findings reveal a significant increase in retractions within social media research, particularly in the 2020s. Retractions concentrated in certain countries and journals, primarily due to editorial investigation, suspicious results, and concerns related to referencing. The results underscore the field's persistent methodological and ethical challenges. Enhancing research integrity, editorial oversight, and transparency is crucial for mitigating ethical risks and improving the scientific reliability of future social media research.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Information Science; Internet; Retraction Notice; Retraction of Publication as Topic; Social Media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2026.41.e235
  7. Nature. 2026 Sep 17.
      
    Keywords:  Fluid dynamics; Mathematics and computing; Peer review; Software; Technology
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-02910-w
  8. Nature. 2026 Sep 16.
      
    Keywords:  Computer science; Machine learning; Publishing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-02899-2
  9. J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics. 2026 Sep 17. 15562646261488630
      BackgroundCommittee on Publication Ethics (COPE) serves as one of the key resources for journal editors navigating ethical challenges. This study evaluated two large language models (LLMs) in interpreting real-world publication ethics cases compared to COPE member responses.MethodsEleven anonymized COPE cases were selected. Gemini 2.5 Flash and DeepSeek-V3.2 provided editorial advice for each case. Responses were scored using a structured rubric supplemented by descriptive case-wise comparisons relative to COPE responses.ResultsBoth LLMs generated detailed responses for all cases, with similar domain scores. LLMs largely aligned with COPE, often adding actionable steps like contacting secondary authors or updating policies. However, they occasionally omitted specific COPE suggestions or contradicted guidance.ConclusionLLMs demonstrate competence in interpreting publication research ethics and, when paired with appropriate prompt-engineering training, can offer editors structured, actionable advice. However, their occasional contradictions and inability to fully replicate nuanced human judgment necessitate careful human oversight.
    Keywords:  DeepSeek; Gemini; LLMs; Publication ethics; large language models
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/15562646261488630
  10. Br J Anaesth. 2026 Sep 18. pii: S0007-0912(26)00620-3. [Epub ahead of print]
      
    Keywords:  RULE-AP; artificial intelligence; large language models; peer review; research integrity; statistical consistency
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2026.07.053
  11. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2026 Oct;35(5): e70357
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.70357
  12. J Med Ethics. 2026 Sep 15. pii: jme-2026-112375. [Epub ahead of print]
      
    Keywords:  Ethics; Ethics, Research; Ethics- Medical
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2026-112375
  13. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2026 Sep 04. pii: S0363-0188(26)00160-X. [Epub ahead of print]
      
    Keywords:  Academic medicine; Academic promotion; Academic service; Continuing medical education; Medical education; Peer review; Peer reviewers; Physician incentives; Professional development; Radiology; Reviewer recognition; Scholarly publishing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2026.08.012
  14. ESMO Real World Data Digit Oncol. 2026 Sep;13 100768
      Peer review and editorial triage together are the cornerstones of scientific credibility yet their combined cracks are increasingly visible. As real-world data and digital health technologies have become increasingly important sources of evidence generation, many promising submissions from under-resourced settings receive terse desk rejections or nonspecialist reviews that obscure remediable methodological and reporting issues, limiting learning and career progression. We propose a compact, author-initiated, equity-centred remediation pathway-the mentorship escrow-that integrates upstream supports, a core remediation window, and a downstream pathway, converting borderline submissions into time-bounded and capacity-building interventions. We outline practical implementation steps, pilot design considerations, and measurable equity and quality metrics; discuss trade-offs across components; and address variable constraints including mentor availability, funding, potential selection bias, and risks of dependency, proposing mitigation strategies to ensure scalable, sustainable capacity building that preserves editorial standards while broadening the circulation of locally relevant evidence.
    Keywords:  RWD; editorial decisions; methodology; peer review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmorw.2026.100768
  15. J Clin Epidemiol. 2026 Sep 15. pii: S0895-4356(26)00389-6. [Epub ahead of print] 112513
       BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The EQUATOR Network website plays a central role in the dissemination and uptake of reporting guidelines. Despite limited funding, it remains the authoritative resource for reporting guidelines. Thousands of medical journals refer authors to it. For many researchers, it provides their first exposure to reporting guidelines, and for most reporting guideline development groups it serves as their primary dissemination mechanism beyond publication. Yet the website's performance has never been evaluated. We aimed to assess how effectively the EQUATOR Network website achieves its mission of disseminating reporting guidelines.
    METHODS: We performed a website service evaluation using Google Analytics, Google Tag Manager, and an online user survey.
    RESULTS: The website attracts a large and global audience. Half of visitors actively engage with the website, which, although typical for websites of its kind, suggests there are opportunities to modernise, improve clarity, and improve usability. Survey responses described the website as confusing or cluttered. Although the website catalogues hundreds of reporting guidelines, a small subset receive disproportionately high traffic, and some users reported difficulty locating the guidance they needed.
    CONCLUSIONS: Despite its limited resources, the EQUATOR Network website has built a substantial global audience and achieves moderate engagement rates, typical for websites of its age and type. However, with modest investment, clear opportunities exist to strengthen its usability and impact.
    Keywords:  CARE; CONSORT; COREQ; EQUATOR Network; MDAR; PRISMA; SPIRIT; SQUIRE; SRQR; STARD; STROBE; TRIPOD; medical research; medical writing; usability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2026.112513
  16. Hist Philos Life Sci. 2026 Sep 16. pii: 52. [Epub ahead of print]48(4):
      Driven by the shift towards online journal publishing, many academic journals have introduced graphical abstracts (GAs) since the 2000s to convey the primary findings of research papers. This study investigated this visual culture in life sciences by analyzing GAs with focus on content, representation, and background. In total, 333 GAs were collected from articles published in the journal Cell in 2021 and analyzed. Among these, 295 GAs (88.6%) explained the results and models and succinctly presented the key findings, and 251 GAs (75.4%) used a layout that divided the area into two or more sections. New graphics that were not present in the main text were featured in 222 GAs (66.7%), indicating substantial investment in their creation. The GAs shared commonalities with modern infographics commonly seen on the internet, which emphasize clarity. The increased used of GAs may be attributed to the need for "instant comprehension," which is an epistemic virtue reinforced by authors, readers, and journals and driven by the scientific self of "surviving researchers and journals" in a competitive scientific environment.
    Keywords:  Epistemic virtue; Graphical abstract; Life science; Scientific images; Visual culture of science
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s40656-026-00763-0
  17. Afr J Paediatr Surg. 2025 Jan-Mar;22(1):22(1): i
      The Editorial Board of the African Journal of Paediatric Surgery (AJPS) is delighted to announce the successful completion of the journal's transition to a new publishing platform. This milestone marks an important transformation that provides a stronger foundation for sustainable, timely, and high-quality scholarly publishing. As we commence publication of Volume 22, we are pleased to inform our authors, reviewers, readers, and the wider scientific community that all outstanding issues of the journal will now be published sequentially on our new website until our publication schedule is fully restored. We sincerely apologize for the prolonged delay occasioned by this process. The move to a new publishing platform became necessary following changes in the financial and operational framework of our previous publishing arrangement. Establishing the new platform required extensive technical, administrative, and editorial work to ensure the secure transfer of journal content, preservation of publication records, continuity of indexing, and the development of a more robust and sustainable publishing infrastructure. While these essential processes took longer than anticipated, they were undertaken to safeguard the long-term integrity and future of the journal. We express our heartfelt appreciation to our authors, reviewers, readers, and the paediatric surgical community for their remarkable patience, understanding, and unwavering support throughout this period. Your confidence in AJPS has been invaluable and continues to inspire our commitment to excellence. During this period, we have strengthened our editorial and production workflows to enhance efficiency without compromising scientific rigour. Our Editorial Board remains intact, experienced, and fully committed to delivering a thorough, fair, and timely peer-review process, ensuring that future submissions are handled with the highest standards of editorial quality and publication ethics. AJPS is now firmly positioned for regular, reliable, and sustained publication. We are equally pleased to reassure our contributors that AJPS has retained its indexing in major international bibliographic databases, including MEDLINE, thereby preserving the visibility and impact of the research we publish. We are actively pursuing inclusion in additional reputable indexing and abstracting services to further strengthen the journal's global reach and scientific influence. This is more than the completion of a publishing transition; it is the beginning of a renewed era for AJPS. With a strengthened publishing platform, an experienced Editorial Board, and the continued support of our contributors and readers, we are confident that the journal will continue to grow in quality, relevance, and international standing. On behalf of the Editorial Board, I thank our authors, reviewers, readers, and institutional partners for their patience, trust, and steadfast support. We look forward to this new chapter with confidence and renewed purpose as we continue to advance paediatric surgical scholarship in Africa and beyond.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.67481/ajps.v22i1.1227
  18. JACC Case Rep. 2026 Sep 15. pii: S2666-0849(26)03501-1. [Epub ahead of print] 110340
      Cardiovascular team (CVT) members serve a vital role in clinical care, quality improvement, research, and education, generating valuable insights that can advance cardiovascular practice through scholarly dissemination. Despite these contributions, many CVT members remain underrepresented as authors and peer reviewers. This article provides a practical roadmap to publication and peer review, offering strategies to help CVT members transform everyday clinical expertise into meaningful scholarly contributions.
    Keywords:  multidisciplinary heart team; peer review; publication
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccas.2026.110340
  19. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2026 Jun 25. pii: 1004-5619(2026)03-0273-08. [Epub ahead of print]42(3): 273-280
      In recent years, Fayixue Zazhi has been successively indexed in a number of authoritative databases both domestically and internationally. Along with the sustained growth in submission volume, the journal has continuously raised its requirements for the scientificity, standardization and rigor of submitted manuscripts. During the processing of the manuscripts, the editorial office has identified a number of common issues in both manuscript formatting and content. This paper summarizes common problems at various stages from pre-submission preparation to manuscript writing and reference formatting and illustrates these issues with representative examples. From an editorial perspective, the causes of these problems are analyzed and targeted recommendations are proposed to help authors improve their manuscript writing quality.
    Keywords:  forensic medicine; manuscript submission; manuscript writing; standardization
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2026.460701
  20. Commun Med (Lond). 2026 Sep 14. pii: 482. [Epub ahead of print]6(1):
    MAKAAO curators and contributors
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-026-01872-4