bioRxiv. 2024 Aug 07. pii: 2024.08.06.606942. [Epub ahead of print]
Lysosomes regulate mitochondrial function through multiple mechanisms including the master regulator, mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) protein kinase, which is activated at the lysosomal membrane by nutrient, growth factor and energy signals. mTORC1 promotes mitochondrial protein composition changes, respiratory capacity, and dynamics, though the full range of mitochondrial-regulating functions of this protein kinase remain undetermined. We find that acute chemical modulation of mTORC1 signaling decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced susceptibility to stress-induced mitophagy. In cellular models of Friedreich's Ataxia (FA), where loss of the Frataxin (FXN) protein suppresses Fe-S cluster synthesis and mitochondrial respiration, the changes induced by mTORC1 inhibitors lead to improved cell survival. Proteomic-based profiling uncover compositional changes that could underlie mTORC1-dependent modulation of FXN-deficient mitochondria. These studies highlight mTORC1 signaling as a regulator of mitochondrial composition and function, prompting further evaluation of this pathway in the context of mitochondrial disease.