bims-prodis Biomed News
on Proteomics in disease
Issue of 2018‒08‒26
three papers selected by
Nancy Gough
Bioserendipity


  1. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2018 Aug;165(4): 530-543
      Acute promyelocytic leukemia, a form of acute myeloid leukemia, is characterized by cell differentiation arrest at the promyelocyte stage. Current therapeutic options include administration of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), but this treatment produces many side effects. ATRA is known to induce differentiation of leukemic cells into granulocytes, but the mechanism of this process is poorly studied. We performed comparative proteomic profiling of HL-60 promyelocytic cells at different stages of ATRA-induced differentiation to identify differentially expressed proteins by high-resolution mass spectrometry and relative quantitative analysis without isotope labels. A total of 1162 proteins identified by at least two unique peptides were analyzed, among them 46 and 172 differentially expressed proteins were identified in the nuclear and cytosol fractions, respectively. These differentially expressed proteins can represent candidate targets for combination therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
    Keywords:  acute promyelocytic leukemia; targeted therapy; trans-retinoic acid
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10517-018-4210-y
  2. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018 Aug 18.
      The morphological plasticity of Candida albicans is a virulence determinant as the hyphal form has significant roles in the infection process. Recently, phosphoregulation of proteins through phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events has gained importance in studying the regulation of pathogenicity at the molecular level. To understand the importance of phosphorylation in hyphal morphogenesis, global analysis of the phosphoproteome was performed after hyphal induction with elevated temperature, serum, and N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) treatments. The study identified 60, 20, and 53 phosphoproteins unique to elevated temperature-, serum-, and GlcNAc-treated conditions, respectively. Distribution of unique phosphorylation sites sorted by the modified amino acids revealed that predominant phosphorylation occurs in serine, followed by threonine and tyrosine residues in all the datasets. However, the frequency distribution of phosphorylation sites in the proteins varied with treatment conditions. Further, interaction network-based functional annotation of protein kinases of C. albicans as well as identified phosphoproteins was performed, which demonstrated the interaction of kinases with phosphoproteins during filamentous growth. Altogether, the present findings will serve as a base for further functional studies in the aspects of protein kinase-target protein interaction in effectuating phosphorylation of target proteins, and delineating the downstream signaling networks linked to virulence characteristics of C. albicans.
    Keywords:  Candida albicans; Hyphal development; LC–MS/MS; Phosphoproteome; Protein kinase; TiO2
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-9303-z
  3. Semin Immunol. 2018 Aug 16. pii: S1044-5323(18)30069-1. [Epub ahead of print]
      The discovery and wide spread use of vaccines have saved millions of lives in the past few decades. Vaccine adjuvants represent an integral part of the modern vaccines. Despite numerous efforts, however, only a handful of vaccine adjuvants is currently available for human use. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants is pivotal to harness the potential of existing and new adjuvants in mounting desirable immune responses to counter human pathogens. Decomposing the host response to vaccines and its components at systems level has recently been made possible owing to the recent advancements in Omics technology and cutting edge immunological assays powered by systems biology approaches. This approach has begun to shed light on the molecular signatures of several human vaccines and adjuvants. This review is an attempt to provide an overview of the recent efforts in systems analysis of vaccine adjuvants that are currently in clinic.
    Keywords:  Adjuvant; Omics; Systems vaccinology; Transcriptomics; Vaccine; Vaccinology
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2018.08.001