bims-prodis 2018-07-22 papers

Issue of 2018–07–22
three papers selected by
Nancy Gough, Bioserendipity

Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018 Jul 14. 20(9): 53

Proteomics in Chronic Arthritis-Will We Finally Have Useful Biomarkers?

Christoph Kessel, Angela McArdle, Emely Verweyen, Toni Weinhage, Helmut Wittkowski, Stephen R Pennington, Dirk Foell.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Current technical advances enable the assessment of the complex changes in body fluid proteomes and thus allow for the discovery of biomarker signatures rather than just following differences of a single marker. In this review, we aim to summarize current approaches to discover and evaluate multi-biomarker panels for improved monitoring of chronic arthritis disease activity.
RECENT FINDINGS: Mass spectrometry and affinity proteomic methodologies have been used to identify biomarker panels in synovial fluid, serum, plasma, or urine of pediatric and adult chronic arthritis patients. Notably, despite the numerous efforts to develop new and better biomarker panels, very few have undergone extensive analytical and clinical validation and been adopted into routine use for patient benefit. There remains a significant gap between discovery of chronic arthritis biomarker signatures and their validation for clinical use.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Discovery; Disease activity; Peptides; Proteins; Proteomics; Validation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-018-0762-0

Cancer Sci. 2018 Jul 14.

Exosomal zinc transporter ZIP4 promotes cancer growth and is a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer.

Haoyi Jin, Peng Liu, Yunhao Wu, Xiangli Meng, Mengwei Wu, Jiahong Han, Xiaodong Tan.

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers with rapid disease progression, requiring further elucidation of its underlying molecular mechanisms and novel biomarkers for early detection. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that are released by multiple cell types acting as message carriers during intercellular communication and are promising biomarker candidates. However, the role of pancreatic cancer cell-derived exosomes in cancer progression and the application of these vesicles as novel diagnostic biomarkers are still not fully studied. In this study, we found that PC-1.0 (a highly malignant pancreatic cell line) cell-derived exosomes could be taken up and enhance PC-1 (a moderately malignant pancreatic cell line) cell proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. We identified ZIP4 as the most upregulated exosomal protein in PC-1.0 cells from our proteomic analysis. In vitro and in vivo (a subcutaneous BALB/c nude mouse model) studies showed that exosomal ZIP4 can significantly promote pancreatic cancer growth. Utilizing clinical blood samples, we compared the diagnostic values of serum exosomal ZIP4 levels between malignant pancreatic cancer patients (n=24) and benign pancreatic disease patients (n=32, AUC=0.89) and between biliary disease patients (n=32, AUC=0.8112) and healthy controls (n=46, AUC=0.8931). In conclusion, exosomal ZIP4 promotes cancer growth and is a novel diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic cancer. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Keywords: Biomarker; Exosomes; Pancreatic cancer; Proteomics; Zinc transporter ZIP4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cas.13737

Mol Neurobiol. 2018 Jul 14.

Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases.

Thein Than Htike, Sachin Mishra, Sundramurthy Kumar, Parasuraman Padmanabhan, Balázs Gulyás.

Neurological disorders are found to be influencing the peripheral tissues outside CNS. Recent developments in biomarkers for CNS have emerged with various diagnostic and therapeutic shortcomings. The role of central biomarkers including CSF-based and molecular imaging-based probes are still unclear for early diagnosis of major neurological diseases. Current trends show that early detection of neurodegenerative diseases with non-invasive methods is a major focus of researchers, and the development of biomarkers aiming peripheral tissues is in demand. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are known for the progressive loss in neural structures or functions, including the neural death. Various dysfunctions of metabolic and biochemical pathways are associated with early occurrence of neuro-disorders in peripheral tissues including skin, blood cells, and eyes. This article reviews the peripheral biomarkers explored for early detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases including blood cells, skin fibroblast, proteomics, saliva, olfactory, stomach and colon, heart and peripheral nervous system, and others. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Early detection; Neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson’s diseases; Peripheral biomarkers

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-018-1151-4