bims-polyam Biomed News
on Polyamines
Issue of 2023–08–27
six papers selected by
Sebastian J. Hofer, University of Graz
  1. Insights into the Unusual Activity of a Novel Homospermidine Synthase with a Promising Application to Produce Spermidine.
  2. Editorial to the Special Issue on "Polyamine Metabolism in Health and Disease: Potential for Polyamine-Targeted Therapies and Prevention".
  3. Indole-3-Acetamido-Polyamines as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Adjuvants.
  4. Reduced iron and cobalt levels in response to curcumin supplementation are not responsible for the prolonged larval development and do not affect the oxidative stress tolerance and polyamine status of D. melanogaster.
  5. Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Biosynthesis of the Polyamine Gene Family in Citrus unshiu.
  6. L-Aminoguanidine Induces Imbalance of ROS/RNS Homeostasis and Polyamine Catabolism of Tomato Roots after Short-Term Salt Exposure.
  1. J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Aug 25.
    Insights into the Unusual Activity of a Novel Homospermidine Synthase with a Promising Application to Produce Spermidine.
    Wenjing Liu, Xiaoxiang Hu, Linghao Fang, Yujie Cai.
      Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine with multiple biological activities and potential food and agricultural applications. However, sustainable and scalable spermidine production has not yet been attained. In this study, a homospermidine synthase (HSS) from Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis (PfHSS) capable of catalyzing the synthesis of spermidine from 1,3-diaminopropane and putrescine was identified based on multiple sequence alignment using Blastochloris viridis HSS (BvHSS) as a template. The optimal reaction pH and temperature for purified PfHSS were determined to be 8.5 and 45 °C, respectively, and K+ was able to promote the enzyme activity. Further analysis of the structural and functional relationships through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation indicates that glutamic acid at position 359 is the essential residue for the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of spermidine. The whole-cell catalytic reaction yielded 1321.4 mg/L spermidine and 678.2 mg/L of homospermidine. This study presents a novel, promising, and sustainable biological method for producing spermidine.
    Keywords:  characterization; homospermidine synthase; molecular dynamics simulation; spermidine; whole-cell catalysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03037
  2. Med Sci (Basel). 2023 Aug 19. pii: 53. [Epub ahead of print]11(3):
    Editorial to the Special Issue on "Polyamine Metabolism in Health and Disease: Potential for Polyamine-Targeted Therapies and Prevention".
    Tracy Murray Stewart.
      To introduce this Special Issue, I refer the reader to the timely review by Zahedi and colleagues [...].
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci11030053
  3. Biomolecules. 2023 Aug 07. pii: 1226. [Epub ahead of print]13(8):
    Indole-3-Acetamido-Polyamines as Antimicrobial Agents and Antibiotic Adjuvants.
    Kenneth Sue, Melissa M Cadelis, Evangelene S Gill, Florent Rouvier, Marie-Lise Bourguet-Kondracki, Jean Michel Brunel, Brent R Copp.
      The widespread incidence of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery of new classes of antimicrobials as well as adjuvant molecules that can restore the action of ineffective antibiotics. Herein, we report the synthesis of a new class of indole-3-acetamido-polyamine conjugates that were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against a panel of bacteria and two fungi, and for the ability to enhance the action of doxycycline against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and erythromycin against Escherichia coli. Compounds 14b, 15b, 17c, 18a, 18b, 18d, 19b, 19e, 20c and 20d exhibited strong growth inhibition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Cryptococcus neoformans, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) typically less than 0.2 µM. Four analogues, including a 5-bromo 15c and three 5-methoxyls 16d-f, also exhibited intrinsic activity towards E. coli. Antibiotic kill curve analysis of 15c identified it to be a bactericide. While only one derivative was found to (weakly) enhance the action of erythromycin against E. coli, three examples, including 15c, were found to be strong enhancers of the antibiotic action of doxycycline against P. aeruginosa. Collectively, these results highlight the promising potential of α,ω-disubstituted indole-3-acetamido polyamine conjugates as antimicrobials and antibiotic adjuvants.
    Keywords:  antibiotics; antifungal agents; antimicrobial; indole-3-acetamide; polyamine; potentiator; structure-activity relationships
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13081226
  4. Biofactors. 2023 Aug 19.
    Reduced iron and cobalt levels in response to curcumin supplementation are not responsible for the prolonged larval development and do not affect the oxidative stress tolerance and polyamine status of D. melanogaster.
    Kai Lüersen, Tobias Jöckel, Dawn Chin, Tobias Demetrowitsch, Karin Schwarz, Gerald Rimbach.
      Recent reports indicated that the phytochemical curcumin possesses iron-chelating activity. Here, by employing the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, we conducted feeding studies supplementing curcumin or, as a control, the iron chelator bathophenanthroline (BPA). First, the absorption and further metabolization of dietary curcuminoids were proved by metabolomics analyses. Next, we found that 0.2% dietary curcumin, similar to BPA, lowered the iron but also the cobalt content, and to a lesser extent affected the manganese and zinc status. Supplementation during larval stages was required and sufficient for both compounds to elicit these alterations in adult animals. However, curcumin-induced retarded larval development was not attributable to the changed trace metal status. In addition, a reduction in the iron content of up to 70% by curcumin or BPA supplementation did not reduce heme-dependent catalase activity and tolerance toward H2 O2 in D. melanogaster. Moreover, polyamines were not influenced by curcumin treatment and decreased iron levels. This was confirmed for selected organs from 0.2% curcumin-treated mice, except for the spleen. Here, elevated spermidine level and concomitant upregulation of genes involved in polyamine production were associated with a putatively anemia-derived increased spleen mass. Our data underline that the metal-chelating property of curcumin needs to be considered in feeding studies.
    Keywords:  Drosophila melanogaster; bathophenanthroline; catalase; cobalt; curcumin; development; iron; polyamines; trace metals
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.2000
  5. Genes (Basel). 2023 Jul 26. pii: 1527. [Epub ahead of print]14(8):
    Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Biosynthesis of the Polyamine Gene Family in Citrus unshiu.
    Saleha Sadiq, Mujahid Hussain, Shahid Iqbal, Muhammad Shafiq, Rashad Mukhtar Balal, Mahmoud F Seleiman, John Chater, Muhammad Adnan Shahid.
      Polyamines (PAs) contribute to diverse plant processes, environmental interaction, and stress responses. In citrus, the mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of polyamines is poorly understood. The present study aims to identify the biosynthesis of PA gene family members in satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and investigate their response against various stresses. The identified biosynthesis of PA genes in C. unshiu showed clustering in six groups, i.e., SPMS, SPDS, ACL5, ADC, ODC, and SAMDC. Syntenic analysis revealed that segmental duplication was prevalent among the biosynthesis of PA genes compared to tandem duplication. Thus, it might be the main reason for diversity in the gene family in C. unshiu. Almost all biosynthesis of PA gene family members in C. unshiu showed syntenic blocks in the genome of Arabidopsis, Citrus sinensis, Poncirus trifoliata, and Citrus reticulata. Analysis of Cis-regulatory elements (CREs) indicated the occurrence of hormones, light, defense, and environmental stress responses as well as the development and other plant mechanisms-related elements in the upstream sequence of the biosynthesis of PA genes. Expression profiling revealed that the biosynthesis of PA gene expression modulates in different organs during various developmental stages and stress in C. unshiu. This information will provide a deep understanding of genomic information and its expression in multiple tissues to better understand its potential application in functional genomics.
    Keywords:  Citrus unshiu; abiotic stress; polyamines
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14081527
  6. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Aug 15. pii: 1614. [Epub ahead of print]12(8):
    L-Aminoguanidine Induces Imbalance of ROS/RNS Homeostasis and Polyamine Catabolism of Tomato Roots after Short-Term Salt Exposure.
    Ágnes Szepesi, László Bakacsy, Attila Fehér, Henrietta Kovács, Péter Pálfi, Péter Poór, Réka Szőllősi, Orsolya Kinga Gondor, Tibor Janda, Gabriella Szalai, Christian Lindermayr, László Szabados, Laura Zsigmond.
      Polyamine (PA) catabolism mediated by amine oxidases is an important process involved in fine-tuning PA homeostasis and related mechanisms during salt stress. The significance of these amine oxidases in short-term responses to salt stress is, however, not well understood. In the present study, the effects of L-aminoguanidine (AG) on tomato roots treated with short-term salt stress induced by NaCl were studied. AG is usually used as a copper amine oxidase (CuAO or DAO) inhibitor. In our study, other alterations of PA catabolism, such as reduced polyamine oxidase (PAO), were also observed in AG-treated plants. Salt stress led to an increase in the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in tomato root apices, evidenced by in situ fluorescent staining and an increase in free PA levels. Such alterations were alleviated by AG treatment, showing the possible antioxidant effect of AG in tomato roots exposed to salt stress. PA catabolic enzyme activities decreased, while the imbalance of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations displayed a dependence on stress intensity. These changes suggest that AG-mediated inhibition could dramatically rearrange PA catabolism and related reactive species backgrounds, especially the NO-related mechanisms. More studies are, however, needed to decipher the precise mode of action of AG in plants exposed to stress treatments.
    Keywords:  L-aminoguanidine; copper amine oxidases; hydrogen sulfide; inhibitor; nitric oxide; polyamines; salt stress; tomato
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12081614
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