bims-polyam 2022-06-19 papers

bims-polyam

Biomed News

on Polyamines

Issue of 2022–06–19
seven papers selected by
Sebastian J. Hofer, University of Graz

Metabolomics and lipidomics insight into the effect of different polyamines on tomato plants under non-stress and salinity conditions.
Placental sex-dependent spermine synthesis regulates trophoblast gene expression through acetyl-coA metabolism and histone acetylation.
The Rate of Histamine Degradation by Diamine Oxidase Is Compromised by Other Biogenic Amines.
Exogenous spermidine enhances the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity of citrus seedlings under high temperature.
Correction: Effects of spermidine supplementation on cognition and biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SmartAge)-study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
The genes controlling normal function of citrate and spermine secretion are lost in aggressive prostate cancer and prostate model systems.
Role of aIF5B in archaeal translation initiation.

Plant Sci. 2022 Jun 10. pii: S0168-9452(22)00170-4. [Epub ahead of print] 111346

Metabolomics and lipidomics insight into the effect of different polyamines on tomato plants under non-stress and salinity conditions.

Valentina Buffagni, Leilei Zhang, Biancamaria Senizza, Gabriele Rocchetti, Andrea Ferrarini, Begona Miras-Moreno, Luigi Lucini.

  Polyamines (PAs) are key signaling molecules involved in plant growth and stress acclimation processes. This work investigated the effect of spermidine, spermine, and putrescine (alone and in a mixture) in tomato plants using a combined metabolomics and lipidomics approach. The experiments were carried out under non-stress and 100mM NaCl salinity conditions. Shoot and root biomass, as well as SPAD values, were increased by the application of exogenous PAs but with differences across treatments. Similarly, root length density (F: 34, p<0.001), average root diameter (F: 14, p<0.001), and very fine roots (0.0-0.5mm) increased in PA-treated plants, compared to control. Metabolomics and lipidomics indicated that, despite being salinity the hierarchically prevalent factor, the different PA treatments imposed distinct remodeling at the molecular level. Plants treated with putrescine showed the broader modulation of metabolite profile, whereas spermidine and spermine induced a comparatively milder effect. The pathway analysis from differential metabolites indicated a broad and multi-level intricate modulation of several signaling molecules together with stress-related compounds like flavonoids and alkaloids. Concerning signaling processes, the complex crosstalk between phytohormones (mainly abscisic acid, cytokinins, the ethylene precursor, and jasmonates), and the membrane lipids signaling cascade (in particular, sphingolipids as well as ceramides and other glycerophospholipids), was involved in such complex response of tomato to PAs. Interestingly, PA-specific processes could be observed, with peculiar responses under either control or salinity conditions.

Keywords:  Solanum lycopersycum; metabolomics; putrescine; root morphology; salt stress

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111346
Commun Biol. 2022 Jun 15. 5(1): 586

Placental sex-dependent spermine synthesis regulates trophoblast gene expression through acetyl-coA metabolism and histone acetylation.

Irving L M H Aye, Sungsam Gong, Giulia Avellino, Roberta Barbagallo, Francesca Gaccioli, Benjamin J Jenkins, Albert Koulman, Andrew J Murray, D Stephen Charnock-Jones, Gordon C S Smith.

Placental function and dysfunction differ by sex but the mechanisms are unknown. Here we show that sex differences in polyamine metabolism are associated with escape from X chromosome inactivation of the gene encoding spermine synthase (SMS). Female placental trophoblasts demonstrate biallelic SMS expression, associated with increased SMS mRNA and enzyme activity. Polyamine depletion in primary trophoblasts reduced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation resulting in decreased acetyl-coA availability and global histone hypoacetylation in a sex-dependent manner. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA-sequencing identifies progesterone biosynthesis as a target of polyamine regulated gene expression, and polyamine depletion reduced progesterone release in male trophoblasts. The effects of polyamine depletion can be attributed to spermine as SMS-silencing recapitulated the effects on energy metabolism, histone acetylation, and progesterone release. In summary, spermine metabolism alters trophoblast gene expression through acetyl-coA biosynthesis and histone acetylation, and SMS escape from X inactivation explains some features of human placental sex differences.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03530-6
Front Nutr. 2022 ;9 897028

The Rate of Histamine Degradation by Diamine Oxidase Is Compromised by Other Biogenic Amines.

Sònia Sánchez-Pérez, Oriol Comas-Basté, Judit Costa-Catala, Irache Iduriaga-Platero, M Teresa Veciana-Nogués, M Carmen Vidal-Carou, M Luz Latorre-Moratalla.

  Nowadays, certain uncertainties related to the onset of histamine adverse effects remain unsolved and still require further research. Questions still to be resolved include the wide range of doses at which dietary histamine may trigger symptoms of intoxication (100-10,000 mg/kg) or the appearance of symptoms of histamine intolerance after the consumption of foods presumable without histamine. It seems feasible that other amines, by acting as competitive substrates, could interfere with histamine degradation by the intestinal enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO). Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the interference of different amines on the rate of histamine degradation by DAO. A series of in vitro enzymatic assays were performed using histamine as the reaction substrate combined with different proportions of putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, spermidine, and spermine (1:0.25, 1:1, 1:4, 1:20). Putrescine and cadaverine significantly delayed histamine degradation at all tested concentrations (p < 0.001). The greatest effect was observed when putrescine or cadaverine concentrations were 20-fold higher than that of histamine, its degradation being reduced by 70 and 80%, respectively, compared to histamine alone (28.16 ± 1.0 mU). In contrast, tyramine, spermidine and spermine significantly inhibited the histamine degradation rate only at the highest concentration (1:20), reducing it by 32-45%. These results demonstrate that other biogenic amines interfere with histamine metabolization by DAO in vitro, the extent depending on the substrate. These findings could explain why susceptibility to dietary histamine is so variable and account for the discrepancies in the scientific databases regarding the amount of histamine that triggers adverse health effects.

Keywords:  biogenic amines; cadaverine; diamine oxidase (DAO); histamine; histamine degradation; histamine intolerance; histamine toxicity; putrescine

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.897028
Plant Signal Behav. 2022 Dec 31. 17(1): 2086372

Exogenous spermidine enhances the photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity of citrus seedlings under high temperature.

Xu Chao, Tang Yuqing, Liu Xincheng, Yang Huidong, Wang Yuting, Hu Zhongdong, Hu Xinlong, Liu Buchun, Su Jing.

  Studies have not fully explained the underlying mechanism of spermidine-mediated heat tolerance. This study investigated the possible role of spermidine (Spd) in regulating citrus heat tolerance. The results showed that exogenous Spd effectively alleviated the limitation of high temperature (HT) on photosynthesis. Exogenous Spd increased the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductance, maximum and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, nonphotochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate in citrus seedlings under HT stress, but declined the stomatal limitation value. In addition, Spd treatment promoted the dynamic balance of the citrus enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants system. Spd application significantly increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbic acid, and glutathione and the expression level of corresponding genes at high temperature, while reducing the content of H2O2 and malondialdehyde. Therefore, our findings suggested exogenous Spd significantly ameliorated citrus physiological and photosynthetic adaptation under HT stress, thereby providing helpful guidance for citrus cultivation in HT events.

Keywords:  Antioxidants; chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; heat stress; photosynthesis

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2086372
Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022 Jun 11. 14(1): 81

Correction: Effects of spermidine supplementation on cognition and biomarkers in older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SmartAge)-study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Miranka Wirth, Claudia Schwarz, Gloria Benson, Nora Horn, Ralph Buchert, Catharina Lange, Theresa Köbe, Stefan Hetzer, Marta Maglione, Eva Michael, Stefanie Märschenz, Knut Mai, Ute Kopp, Dietmar Schmitz, Ulrike Grittner, Stephan J Sigrist, Slaven Stekovic, Frank Madeo, Agnes Flöel.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01012-9
iScience. 2022 Jun 17. 25(6): 104451

The genes controlling normal function of citrate and spermine secretion are lost in aggressive prostate cancer and prostate model systems.

Morten Beck Rye, Sebastian Krossa, Martina Hall, Casper van Mourik, Tone F Bathen, Finn Drabløs, May-Britt Tessem, Helena Bertilsson.

  High secretion of the metabolites citrate and spermine is a unique hallmark for normal prostate epithelial cells, and is reduced in aggressive prostate cancer. However, the identity of the genes controlling this biological process is mostly unknown. In this study, we have created a gene signature of 150 genes connected to citrate and spermine secretion in the prostate. We have computationally integrated metabolic measurements with multiple transcriptomics datasets from the public domain, including 3826 tissue samples from prostate and prostate cancer. The accuracy of the signature is validated by its unique enrichment in prostate samples and prostate epithelial tissue compartments. The signature highlights genes AZGP1, ANPEP and metallothioneins with zinc-binding properties not previously studied in the prostate, and the expression of these genes are reduced in more aggressive cancer lesions. However, the absence of signature enrichment in common prostate model systems can make it challenging to study these genes mechanistically.

Keywords:  Bioinformatics; Cancer; Transcriptomics

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.104451
Nucleic Acids Res. 2022 Jun 13. pii: gkac490. [Epub ahead of print]

Role of aIF5B in archaeal translation initiation.

Ramy Kazan, Gabrielle Bourgeois, Christine Lazennec-Schurdevin, Eric Larquet, Yves Mechulam, Pierre-Damien Coureux, Emmanuelle Schmitt.

In eukaryotes and in archaea late steps of translation initiation involve the two initiation factors e/aIF5B and e/aIF1A. In eukaryotes, the role of eIF5B in ribosomal subunit joining is established and structural data showing eIF5B bound to the full ribosome were obtained. To achieve its function, eIF5B collaborates with eIF1A. However, structural data illustrating how these two factors interact on the small ribosomal subunit have long been awaited. The role of the archaeal counterparts, aIF5B and aIF1A, remains to be extensively addressed. Here, we study the late steps of Pyrococcus abyssi translation initiation. Using in vitro reconstituted initiation complexes and light scattering, we show that aIF5B bound to GTP accelerates subunit joining without the need for GTP hydrolysis. We report the crystallographic structures of aIF5B bound to GDP and GTP and analyze domain movements associated to these two nucleotide states. Finally, we present the cryo-EM structure of an initiation complex containing 30S bound to mRNA, Met-tRNAiMet, aIF5B and aIF1A at 2.7 Å resolution. Structural data shows how archaeal 5B and 1A factors cooperate to induce a conformation of the initiator tRNA favorable to subunit joining. Archaeal and eukaryotic features of late steps of translation initiation are discussed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac490