Mol Cancer Ther. 2023 Jun 13. pii: MCT-23-0110. [Epub ahead of print]
Susmita Ghosh,
Fan Fan,
Reid T Powell,
Jason Roszik,
Yongsung Park,
Clifford Stephan,
Manu Sebastian,
Lin Tan,
Alexey V Sorokin,
Philip L Lorenzi,
Scott Kopetz,
Lee M Ellis,
Rajat Bhattacharya.
Mutations in KRAS are found in more than 50% of tumors from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, direct targeting of most KRAS mutations is difficult; even the recently developed KRASG12C inhibitors failed to show significant benefit in patients with mCRC. Single agents targeting MEK, a downstream mediator of RAS, have also been ineffective in CRC. To identify drugs that can enhance the efficacy of MEK inhibitors we performed unbiased high-throughput screening using CRC spheroids. We used trametinib as the anchor drug and examined combinations of trametinib with the National Cancer Institute Approved Oncology Library version 5. The initial screen, and following focused validation screens, identified vincristine as being strongly synergistic with trametinib. In vitro, the combination strongly inhibited cell growth, reduced clonogenic survival, and enhanced apoptosis compared to monotherapies in multiple KRAS-mutant CRC cell lines. Furthermore, this combination significantly inhibited tumor growth, reduced cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis in multiple KRAS-mutant patient-derived xenograft mouse models. In vivo studies using drug doses that reflect clinically achievable doses demonstrated that the combination was well tolerated by mice. We further determined that the mechanism underlying the synergistic effect of the combination was due to enhanced intracellular accumulation of vincristine associated with MEK inhibition. The combination also significantly decreased p-mTOR levels in vitro, indicating that it inhibits both RAS-RAF-MEK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR survival pathways. Our data thus provide strong evidence that the combination of trametinib and vincristine represents a novel therapeutic option to be studied in clinical trials for patients with KRAS-mutant mCRC.