bims-orenst Biomed News
on Organs-on-chips and engineered stem cell models
Issue of 2021–11–07
three papers selected by
Joram Mooiweer, University of Groningen



  1. Biofabrication. 2021 Nov 04.
      Functional humanized in vitro nerve models are coveted as an alternative to animal models due to their ease of access, lower cost, clinical relevance and no need for recurrent animal sacrifice. To this end, we developed a sensory nerve model using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)-derived nociceptors that are electrically active and exhibit a functional response to noxious stimuli. The differentiated neurons were co-cultured with primary Schwann cells on an aligned microfibrous scaffold to produce biomimetic peripheral nerve tissue. Compared to glass coverslips, our scaffold enhances tissue development and stabilization. Using this model, we demonstrate that myelin damage can be induced from hyperglycemia exposure (glucose at 45 mM) and mitigated by epalrestat (1µM) supplementation. Through fibrin embedding of the platform, we were able to create 3D anisotropic myelinated tissue, reaching over 6.5 mm in length. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we incorporated pancreatic pseudoislets and endometrial organoids into our nerve platform, to demonstrate the potential in generating nociceptor innervation models. In summary, we propose here an improved tool for neurobiology research with potential applications in pathology modelling, drug screening and target tissue innervation.
    Keywords:  3D; culture; human; iPSCs; innervation; nerve
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac36bf
  2. Adv Healthc Mater. 2021 Nov 01. e2101995
      Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are a promising source for regenerative cell therapy. However, hMSC clinical use has been stymied by product variability across hMSC donors and manufacturing practices resulting in inconsistent clinical outcomes. The inability to predict hMSC clinical efficacy, or potency, is a major limitation for market penetration. Standard metrics of hMSC potency employ hMSCs and third-party immune cell co-cultures, however, these assays face translational challenges due to third-party donor variability and lack of scalability. While surrogate markers of hMSC potency have been suggested, none have yet had translational success. To address this, we present a high-throughput, scalable, low-cost, on-chip microfluidic potency assay with improved functional predictive power and recapitulation of in vivo secretory responses compared to traditional approaches. By comparison of hMSC secretory responses to functional hMSC-medicated immune cell suppression, we demonstrate the shortcomings of current surrogate potency markers and identify on-chip microfluidic potency markers with improved functional predictive power compared to traditional planar methods. Furthermore, we show similar hMSC secretory performance achieved in the on-chip microfluidic system compared to an in vivo model. Our results underscore the shortcomings of current culture practices and present a novel system with improved functional predictive power and hMSC physiological responses. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Keywords:  biomaterials; cell therapies; mesenchymal stem/stromal cells; microfluidics; on-chip technologies
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.202101995
  3. Biofabrication. 2021 Nov 05.
      Increasing evidence from cancer cell fusion with different cell types in the tumor microenvironment has suggested a probable mechanism for how metastasis-initiating cells could be generated in tumors. Although human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have been known as promising candidates to create hybrid cells with cancer cells, the role of hMSCs in fusion with cancer cells is still controversial. Here, we fabricated a liver-on-a-chip platform to monitor the fusion of liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) with hMSCs and study their invasive potential. We demonstrated that hMSCs might play dual roles in HepG2 spheroids. The analysis of tumor growth with different fractions of hMSCs in HepG2 spheroids revealed hMSCs' role in preventing HepG2 growth and proliferation, while the hMSCs presented in the HepG2 spheroids led to the generation of HepG2-hMSC hybrid cells with much higher invasiveness compared to HepG2. These invasive HepG2-hMSC hybrid cells expressed high levels of markers associated with stemness, proliferation, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and matrix deposition, which corresponded to the expression of these markers for hMSCs escaping from hMSC spheroids. In addition, these fused cells were responsible for collective invasion following HepG2 by depositing Collagen I and Fibronectin in their surrounding microenvironment. Furthermore, we showed that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) could also be fused with HepG2, and the HepG2-HSC hybrid cells possessed similar features to those from HepG2-hMSC fusion. This fusion of HepG2 with liver-resident HSCs may propose a new potential mechanism of hepatic cancer metastasis.
    Keywords:  fusion; hepatic stellate cell; invasion; liver cancer; mesenchymal stem cell; spheroid
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1088/1758-5090/ac36de