bims-nurfca 2024-02-18 papers

bims-nurfca

Biomed News

on NRF2 and Cancer

Issue of 2024–02–18
seven papers selected by
Caner Geyik, Istinye University

A Morpholine Derivative N-(4-Morpholinomethylene)ethanesulfonamide Induces Ferroptosis in Tumor Cells by Targeting NRF2.
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 promotes radioresistance by regulating glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and its unique immunoinvasive pattern.
ARID1A loss is associated with increased NRF2 signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.
β-Sitosterol targets ASS1 for Nrf2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation, inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer.
Potential Role of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in Cancer Stem Cells: A Narrative Review.
Genomic and epigenetic characterization of the arsenic-induced oncogenic microRNA-21.
Mutant p53 protects triple-negative breast adenocarcinomas from ferroptosis in vivo.

Biol Pharm Bull. 2024 Feb 14. 47(2): 417-426

A Morpholine Derivative N-(4-Morpholinomethylene)ethanesulfonamide Induces Ferroptosis in Tumor Cells by Targeting NRF2.

Bingchun Sun, Ligang Zhang, Binhua Wu, Xiping Luo.

  Small molecule drugs containing morpholine-based moieties have become crucial candidates in the tumor targeted therapy strategies, but the specific molecular mechanisms of these drugs causing tumor cell death require further investigation. The morpholine derivative N-(4-morpholinomethylene)ethanesulfonamide (MESA) was used to stimulate prostate and ovarian cancer cells and we focused on the ferroptosis effects, including the target molecule and signal pathways mediated by MESA. The results showed that MESA could induce ferroptosis to cause the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis effects of tumor cells according to the identification of ferroptosis inhibitor fer-1 and other cell death inhibitors. Further MESA could significantly increase the intracellular malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Fe2+ levels in tumor cells and mediate the dynamic changes of ferroptosis-relative molecules GPX4, nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (NRF2), ACSL4, SLC7A11 and P62-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-NRF2-antioxidant response element (ARE) signal pathways. Further, NRF2 overexpression could reduce the tumor cell death and ROS levels exposure to MESA. Most importantly, it was confirmed that MESA could bind to NRF2 protein through molecular docking and thermal stability assays and NRF2 was a target molecule of MESA for inducing ferroptosis effects in tumor cells. Collectively, our findings indicated the ferroptosis effects of the morpholine derivative MESA in prostate and ovarian cancer cells and its function mechanism including targeted molecule and signal pathways, which would be helpful for developing MESA as a prospective small molecule drug for cancer therapy based on cell ferroptosis.

Keywords:  N-(4-morpholinomethylene)ethanesulfonamide (MESA); ferroptosis; molecular docking; nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (NRF2); ovarian cancer cell; prostate cancer cell

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b23-00544
Biomol Biomed. 2024 Feb 09.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 promotes radioresistance by regulating glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit and its unique immunoinvasive pattern.

Zhaoyuan Xue, Yiliyaer Nuerrula, Yilidana Sitiwaerdi, Mayinur Eli.

The enzyme glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) serves as the initial rate-limiting factor in glutathione (GSH) synthesis. GSH is the preferred substrate for glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), directly impacting its activity and stability. This study aims to elucidate the expression of GCLM and its correlation with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2), commonly referred to as NRF2, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and further investigate the potential signaling axis of radiotherapy resistance caused by NRF2-mediated regulation of ferroptosis in ESCC. The expression of NRF2, GCLM, and GPX4 in ESCC was analyzed by bioinformatics, and their relationship with ferroptosis was verified through cell function experiments. Their role in radioresistance was then investigated through multiple validation steps. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to determine the immune infiltration pattern of NRF2 in ESCC. Furthermore, the effect of NRF2-mediated massive macrophage M2 infiltration on radiotherapy and ferroptosis was validated through in vivo experiments. In vitro assays demonstrated that overactivated NRF2 promotes radioresistance by directly binding to the promoter region of GCLM. The Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) and quanTIseq analyses revealed NRF2 enrichment in M2 macrophages with a positive correlation. Co-culturing KYSE450 cells with M2 macrophages demonstrated that a significant infiltration of macrophages M2 can render ESCC cells resistant to radiotherapy but restore their sensitivity to ferroptosis in the process. Our study elucidates a link between the NRF2-GCLM-GSH-GPX4 signaling axis in ESCC, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for antagonistic biomarkers of resistance in the future. Additionally, it provides a novel treatment avenue for ESCC metastasis and radioresistance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17305/bb.2024.10184
PLoS One. 2024 ;19(2): e0297741

ARID1A loss is associated with increased NRF2 signaling in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Vinh Nguyen, Travis P Schrank, Michael B Major, Bernard E Weissman.

Prior to the next generation sequencing and characterization of the tumor genome landscape, mutations in the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex and the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway were underappreciated. While these two classes of mutations appeared to independently contribute to tumor development, recent reports have demonstrated a mechanistic link between these two regulatory mechanisms in specific cancer types and cell models. In this work, we expand upon these data by exploring the relationship between mutations in BAF and PBAF subunits of the SWI/SNF complex and activation of NRF2 signal transduction across many cancer types. ARID1A/B mutations were strongly associated with NRF2 transcriptional activity in head and neck squamous carcinomas (HNSC). Many additional tumor types showed significant association between NRF2 signaling and mutation of specific components of the SWI/SNF complex. Different effects of BAF and PBAF mutations on the polarity of NRF2 signaling were observed. Overall, our results support a context-dependent functional link between SWI/SNF and NRF2 mutations across human cancers and implicate ARID1A inactivation in HPV-negative HNSC in promoting tumor progression and survival through activation of the KEAP1-NRF2 signaling pathway. The tumor-specific effects of these mutations open a new area of study for how mutations in the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway and the SWI/SNF complex contribute to cancer.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297741
Free Radic Biol Med. 2024 Feb 14. pii: S0891-5849(24)00066-2. [Epub ahead of print]

β-Sitosterol targets ASS1 for Nrf2 ubiquitin-dependent degradation, inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in ovarian cancer.

Haoyu Wang, Jingchun Liu, Zihui Zhang, Jiaxin Peng, Zhi Wang, Lian Yang, Xinqi Wang, Siyuan Hu, Hong Li.

  The exploration of drugs derived from natural sources holds significant promise in addressing current limitations in ovarian cancer (OC) treatments. While previous studies have highlighted the remarkable anti-cancer properties of the natural compound β-sitosterol (SIT) across various tumors, its specific role in OC treatment remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the anti-tumor activity of SIT in OC using in vitro and in vivo models, delineate potential mechanisms, and establish a preclinical theoretical foundation for future clinical trials, thus fostering further research. Utilizing network pharmacology, we pinpoint SIT as a promising candidate for OC treatment and predict its potential targets and pathways. Through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, we unveil a novel mechanism through which SIT mitigates the malignant biological behaviors of OC cells by modulating redox status. Specifically, SIT selectively targets argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1), a protein markedly overexpressed in OC tissues and cells. Inhibiting ASS1, SIT enhances the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1, instigating the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Nrf2, subsequently diminishing the transcriptional activation of downstream antioxidant genes HO-1 and NQO1. The interruption of the antioxidant program by SIT results in the substantial accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in OC cells. This, in turn, upregulates PTEN, exerting negative regulation on the phosphorylation activation of AKT. The suppression of AKT signaling disrupted downstream pathways associated with cell cycle, cell survival, apoptosis, migration, and invasion, ultimately culminating in the death of OC cells. Our research uncovers new targets and mechanisms of SIT against OC, contributing to the existing knowledge on the anti-tumor effects of natural products in the context of OC. Additionally, this research unveils a novel role of ASS1 in regulating the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant program and governing redox homeostasis in OC, providing a deeper understanding of this complex disease.

Keywords:  AKT; ASS1; Network pharmacology; Ovarian cancer; ROS; β-sitosterol

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.004
J Membr Biol. 2024 Feb 14.

Potential Role of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in Cancer Stem Cells: A Narrative Review.

Azadeh Fakhrioliaei, Sepideh Tanhaei, SeyedAbbas Pakmehr, Maha Noori Shakir, Maytham T Qasim, Maryam Hariri, Alireza Nouhi Kararoudi, Mohammad Valilo.

  Cancer is one of the main causes of death among humans, second only to cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of cancer, and it has been established that this disease is developed by a group of stem cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, cancer is considered a stem cell disease; however, there is no comprehensive consensus about the characteristics of these cells. Several different signaling pathways including Notch, Hedgehog, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and WNT/β-catenin pathways cause the self-renewal of CSCs. CSCs change their metabolic pathways in order to access easy energy. Therefore, one of the key objectives of researchers in cancer treatment is to destroy CSCs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the protection of CSCs from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotherapeutic agents by regulating antioxidants and detoxification enzymes. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family, which contributes to the protection of cancer cells against treatment and implicated in the invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are highly active in CSCs and protect the cells against damage caused by active aldehydes through the regulation of aldehyde metabolism. On the other hand, ALDHs promote the formation and maintenance of tumor cells and lead to drug resistance in tumors through the activation of various signaling pathways, such as the ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as changing the intracellular pH value. Given the growing body of information in this field, in the present narrative review, we attempted to shed light on the function of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in CSCs.

Keywords:  Aldehyde dehydrogenases; Cancer stem cells; Chemotherapy; HER2; Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-024-00307-2
Environ Pollut. 2024 Jan 29. pii: S0269-7491(24)00110-6. [Epub ahead of print]345 123396

Genomic and epigenetic characterization of the arsenic-induced oncogenic microRNA-21.

Haoyan Ji, Zhuoyue Bi, Aashna S Pawar, Akimasa Seno, Bandar Saeed Almutairy, Yao Fu, Yiran Qiu, Wenxuan Zhang, Ziwei Wang, Chitra Thakur, Hongjuan Cui, Liqun Yang, Fei Chen.

  As one of the first identified oncogenic microRNAs, the precise details concerning the transcriptional regulation and function of microRNA-21 (miR-21) are still not completely established. The miR-21 gene is situated on chromosome 17q23.2, positioned at the 3'-UTR of the gene that encodes vacuole membrane protein-1 (VMP1). In this current study, we presented evidence indicating that miR-21 possesses its own gene promoter, which can be found in the intron 10 of the VMP1 gene. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by global DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed the presence of a broad H3K4me3 peak spanning the entire gene body of the primary miR-21 and the existence of super-enhancer clusters in the close proximity to both the miR-21 gene promoter and the transcription termination site in arsenic (As3+)-induced cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In non-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), As3+ treatment enhanced Nrf2 binding to both the host gene VMP1 of miR-21 and the miR-21 gene. Knockout of Nrf2 inhibited both the basal and As3+-induced expressions of miR-21. Furthermore, the As3+-enhanced Nrf2 peaks in ChIP-seq fully overlap with these super-enhancers enriched with H3K4me1 and H3K27ac in the miR-21 gene, suggesting that Nrf2 may coordinate with other transcription factors through the super-enhancers to regulate the expression of miR-21 in cellular response to As3+. These findings demonstrate the unique genetic and epigenetic characteristics of miR-21 and may provide insights into understanding the novel mechanisms linking environmental As3+ exposure and human cancers.

Keywords:  Arsenic; Carcinogenesis; Epigenetics; Nrf2; Super-enhancer; miR-21

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123396
Sci Adv. 2024 Feb 16. 10(7): eadk1835

Mutant p53 protects triple-negative breast adenocarcinomas from ferroptosis in vivo.

Denada Dibra, Shunbin Xiong, Sydney M Moyer, Adel K El-Naggar, Yuan Qi, Xiaoping Su, Elisabeth K Kong, Anil Korkut, Guillermina Lozano.

The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated early in most of the patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The most frequent TP53 alterations are missense mutations that contribute to tumor aggressiveness. Here, we used an autochthonous somatic TNBC mouse model, in which mutant p53 can be toggled on and off genetically while leaving the tumor microenvironment intact and wild-type for p53 to identify physiological dependencies on mutant p53. In TNBCs that develop in this model, deletion of two different hotspot p53R172H and p53R245W mutants triggers ferroptosis in vivo, a cell death mechanism involving iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Mutant p53 protects cells from ferroptosis inducers, and ferroptosis inhibitors reverse the effects of mutant p53 loss in vivo. Single-cell transcriptomic data revealed that mutant p53 protects cells from undergoing ferroptosis through NRF2-dependent regulation of Mgst3 and Prdx6, which encode two glutathione-dependent peroxidases that detoxify lipid peroxides. Thus, mutant p53 protects TNBCs from ferroptotic death.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adk1835