bims-noxint Biomed News
on NADPH oxidases in tumorigenesis
Issue of 2021–09–26
two papers selected by
Laia Caja Puigsubira, Uppsala University
  1. Beyond the Extra Respiration of Phagocytosis: NADPH Oxidase 2 in Adaptive Immunity and Inflammation.
  2. NOX2-Deficient Neutrophils Facilitate Joint Inflammation Through Higher Pro-Inflammatory and Weakened Immune Checkpoint Activities.
  1. Front Immunol. 2021 ;12 733918
    Beyond the Extra Respiration of Phagocytosis: NADPH Oxidase 2 in Adaptive Immunity and Inflammation.
    Paige M Mortimer, Stacey A Mc Intyre, David C Thomas.
      Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) are essential for host defence and immunoregulation. Their levels must be tightly controlled. ROS are required to prevent infection and are used in signalling to regulate several processes that are essential for normal immunity. A lack of ROS then leads to immunodeficiency and autoinflammation. However, excess ROS are also deleterious, damaging tissues by causing oxidative stress. In this review, we focus on two particular aspects of ROS biology: (i) the emerging understanding that NOX2-derived ROS play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of adaptive immunity and (ii) the effects of excess ROS in systemic disease and how limiting ROS might represent a therapeutic avenue in limiting excess inflammation.
    Keywords:  CGD; NOX2; ROS; oxidative stress; systemic inflammation
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.733918
  2. Front Immunol. 2021 ;12 743030
    NOX2-Deficient Neutrophils Facilitate Joint Inflammation Through Higher Pro-Inflammatory and Weakened Immune Checkpoint Activities.
    Yi-Chu Liao, Szu-Yu Wu, Ya-Fang Huang, Pei-Chi Lo, Tzu-Yi Chan, Chih-An Chen, Chun-Hsin Wu, Che-Chia Hsu, Chia-Liang Yen, Peng-Chieh Chen, Chi-Chang Shieh.
      Immune-mediated arthritis is an important chronic inflammatory disease of joints causing debilitating morbidity in affected patients. The mechanisms underlying immune-mediated arthritis have been intensively investigated, however the cellular and molecular factors contributing to the joint inflammation in different redox conditions have not been clearly elucidated. Previous research showed that phagocyte-produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an anti-inflammatory role in K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis and NOX2-deficient mice tend to have more severe arthritis. Although many leukocytes play critical roles in the development of immune-mediated arthritis, the role of neutrophils, which are the main producers of ROS in inflammation, is still controversial. We hence assessed the immunomodulatory function of neutrophils from arthritic joints of NOX2-deficient and wild type mice in this study. We found more neutrophils accumulation in NOX2-deficient inflamed joints. RNA-sequencing and quantitative PCR revealed significantly increased expression of acute inflammation genes including IL1b, Cxcl2, Cxcl3, Cxcl10 and Mmp3 in activated neutrophils from the inflamed joints of NOX2-deficient mice. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed enriched gene signatures in type I and II IFN responses, IL-6-JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway and TNF-α signaling pathway via NF-κB in NOX2-deficient neutrophils. In addition, we found that NOX2-deficient neutrophils expressed lower levels of PD-L1 and were less suppressive than WT neutrophils. Moreover, treatment of PD-L1-Fc decreased cytokine expression and ameliorated the severity of inflammatory arthritis. Our results suggest that NOX2-derived ROS is critical for regulating the function and gene expression in arthritic neutrophils. Both the strong pro-inflammatory and weakened anti-inflammatory functions of neutrophils due to abnormal redox regulation may be targets of treatment for immune-mediated arthritis.
    Keywords:  NOX2; chronic granulomatous disease; immune checkpoint; neutrophils; reactive oxygen species; serum-induced arthritis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.743030
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