bims-noxint 2020-03-29 papers

bims-noxint

Biomed News

on NADPH oxidases in tumorigenesis

Issue of 2020–03–29
eight papers selected by
Laia Caja Puigsubira, Uppsala University

Chronic ethanol feeding in mice decreases expression of genes for major structural bone proteins in a Nox4-independent manner.
The NADPH oxidase 4 protects vascular endothelial cells from copper oxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress and cell death.
Delphinidin attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the AMPK/NOX/MAPK signaling pathway.
Transient Receptor Potential Channel Canonical Type 3 Deficiency Antagonizes Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation In Vivo.
NOX2 is involved in CB2-mediated protection against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.
miR-155-5p Promotes Oxalate- and Calcium-Induced Kidney Oxidative Stress Injury by Suppressing MGP Expression.
Computational Model Predicts Paracrine and Intracellular Drivers of Fibroblast Phenotype After Myocardial Infarction.
The proteomic landscape of cysteine oxidation that underpins retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation.

J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2020 Mar 25. pii: jpet.119.264374. [Epub ahead of print]

Chronic ethanol feeding in mice decreases expression of genes for major structural bone proteins in a Nox4-independent manner.

Kim B Pedersen, Michelle L Osborn, Alex C Robertson, Ashlee E Williams, James Watt, Alexandra Denys, Katrin Schroeder, Martin J Ronis.

  Bone loss in response to alcohol intake has previously been hypothesized to be mediated by excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes. Nox4 is one of several Nox enzymes expressed in bone. We investigated the role of Nox4 in the chondro-osteoblastic lineage of the long bones in mice during normal chow feeding and during chronic ethanol feeding for 90 days. We generated mice with a genotype (PrxCre +/- Nox4 fl/fl) allowing conditional knockout of Nox4 in the limb bud mesenchyme. Adult mice had 95% knockdown of Nox4 expression in the femoral shafts. For mice on regular chow, only whole-body Nox4 knockout mice had clearly increased cortical thickness and bone mineral density in the tibiae. When chronically fed a liquid diet with and without ethanol, conditional Nox4 knockout mice had slightly reduced dimensions of the cortical and trabecular regions of the tibiae (P < 0.1). The ethanol diet caused a significant reduction in cortical bone area and cortical thickness relative to a control diet without ethanol (P < 0.05). The ethanol diet further reduced gene expression of Frzb, Myh3 and several genes encoding collagen and other major structural bone proteins (P < 0.05), while the Nox4 genotype had no effects on these genes. In conclusion, Nox4 expression from both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal cell lineages appears to exert subtle effects on bone. However, chronic ethanol feeding reduces cortical bone mass and cortical gene expression of major structural bone proteins in a Nox4-independent manner. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Excessive alcohol intake contributes to osteopenia and osteoporosis, with oxidative stress caused by the activity of NADPH oxidases hypothesized to be a mediator. We tested the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in osteoblast precursors in the long bones of mice with a conditional Nox4 knockout model. We found that Nox4 exerted effects independently of alcohol intake.

Keywords:  NAD(P)H oxidase; bone; bone marrow; ethanol; osteoblasts; oxidative stress

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1124/jpet.119.264374
Life Sci. 2020 Mar 19. pii: S0024-3205(20)30319-2. [Epub ahead of print] 117571

The NADPH oxidase 4 protects vascular endothelial cells from copper oxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress and cell death.

Hui He, Shiquan Xiao, Ge Xu, Bin Wang, Zhen Zou, Xia Qin, Chao Yu, Jun Zhang.

   AIMS: Nanoparticles (NPs) exposure is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanism is still obscure. In this study, we investigated the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs)-induced cytotoxicity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Morphology changes were examined under the microscope. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay and Calcein AM assay. Apoptosis and the levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were measured by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Oxidative stress was detected by assaying the levels of glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSH/GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Protein expression levels were determined by western blotting.
KEY FINDINGS: We revealed that O2- rather than H2O2 was the major component of ROS in CuONPs-treated HUVECs. Meanwhile, CuONPs downregulated expression of O2--eliminating enzyme NOX4 both at mRNA and protein levels, but did not affect the expression of SOD2 and catalase. NOX4 knockdown caused more accumulation of O2-, and a further decrease of H2O2 in CuONPs-treated HUVECs, suggesting that NOX4 regulates the conversion of O2- to H2O2 in CuONPs-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, we revealed that NOX4 knockdown aggravated CuONPs-induced oxidative stress, characterized by a decrease of GSH/GSSG ratio, an increase of MDA level, and upregulation of HSPA5 and γH2AX. Finally, we showed that NOX4 knockdown exacerbated CuONPs-induced apoptotic cell death in HUVECs, indicating that NOX4 could protect ECs from CuONPs-induced cell death.
SIGNIFICANCE: Our study provides the evidence that NOX4 protects vascular endothelial cells from CuONPs-induced oxidative stress and cell death.

Keywords:  CuONPs; Downregulation of NOX4; Excessive accumulation of O(2)(−); Oxidative stress and cell death; Vascular endothelial cells (ECs)

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117571
Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Mar 25. 12

Delphinidin attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the AMPK/NOX/MAPK signaling pathway.

Youming Chen, Zhuowang Ge, Shixing Huang, Lei Zhou, Changlin Zhai, Yuhan Chen, Qiuyue Hu, Wei Cao, Yuteng Weng, Yanyan Li.

  Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Delphinidin, a natural flavonoid, was reported to exert marked antioxidative effects. Therefore, we investigated whether delphinidin ameliorates pathological cardiac hypertrophy via inhibiting oxidative stress. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with DMSO or delphinidin after surgery. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and delphinidin in vitro. Eighteen-month-old mice were administered delphinidin to investigate the effect of delphinidin on aging-related cardiac hypertrophy. Through analyses of hypertrophic cardiomyocyte growth, fibrosis and cardiac function, delphinidin was demonstrated to confer resistance to aging- and transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and attenuate Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro by significantly suppressing hypertrophic growth and the deposition of fibrosis. Mechanistically, delphinidin reduced ROS accumulation upon Ang II stimulation through the direct activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and subsequent inhibition of the activity of Rac1 and expression of p47phox. In addition, excessive levels of ERK1/2, P38 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation induced by oxidative stress were abrogated by delphinidin. Delphinidin was conclusively shown to repress pathological cardiac hypertrophy by modulating oxidative stress through the AMPK/NADPH oxidase (NOX)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.

Keywords:  AMPK; NADPH oxidase; cardiac hypertrophy; delphinidin; oxidative stress

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.102956
Biomed Res Int. 2020 ;2020 1202189

Transient Receptor Potential Channel Canonical Type 3 Deficiency Antagonizes Myofibroblast Transdifferentiation In Vivo.

Weijie Xia, Qianran Wang, Yuangang Lu, Yingru Hu, Xingcun Zhang, Junbo Zhang, Dongfang Liu, Jinlin Song, Zhiming Zhu, Daoyan Liu, Hengshu Zhang.

Objective: Myofibroblast transformation has been shown to be associated with the reactive oxygen species- (ROS-) producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox4). Inhibition of transient receptor potential channel canonical type 3 (TRPC3) attenuates mitochondrial calcium handling and ROS production in the vasculature of hypertensive rats. However, it remains elusive whether TRPC3 regulates mitochondrial calcium and ROS production and participates in myofibroblast transdifferentiation during wound healing.
Methods and Results: In this study, we demonstrated that activation of TRPC3 by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ (TGFαSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFβ (TGFαSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFβ (TGFβ (TGFTrpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased αSMA). Inhibition of TRPC3 with its specific inhibitor, Pyr3, significantly decreased TGFβ (TGFβ (TGFTrpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased Trpc3+/+ mice. In addition, Trpc3-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated myofibroblast transdifferentiation, as demonstrated by decreased.
Conclusions: Our data indicate that TGFβ1-mediated activation of TRPC3 enhances mitochondrial calcium and ROS production, which promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and HTS formation. Inhibition of the TRPC3-mediated Nox4/pSmad2/3 pathway may be a useful strategy to limit HTS formation after injury.β (TGF.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1202189
Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2020 ;13(2): 277-285

NOX2 is involved in CB2-mediated protection against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

Wei Huang, Yaqin Xiong, Yali Chen, Yan Cheng, Rurong Wang.

Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) can occur in many clinical scenarios. Activation of the cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor limits tissue injury in some ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models. However, whether and how CB2 receptor activation alleviates lung injury induced by I/R remain unclear. In this study, we sought to determine whether JWH133, a selective CB2 receptor agonist, could alleviate lung injury induced by I/R and to examine the role of NOX2 in this process. Here, an I/R model was established using male C57BL/6 mice, by blocking the left pulmonary hilum for 1 h, followed by reperfusion for 2 h. Results showed that pretreatment with JWH133 significantly attenuated I/R-induced lung injury (decreased lung injury scores and wet-to-dry weight ratio and increased oxygenation index), alleviated oxidative stress (increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decreased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels). It also significantly increased CB2 receptor mRNA expression and protein levels and significantly reduced NOX2 mRNA and protein expression. Further, the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 eliminated these effects mediated by JWH133. Pretreatment with the NOX2 inhibitor, gp91 ds-tat, reduced NOX2 expression, but did not affect CB2 receptor expression and failed to alleviate lung injury and oxidative stress after additional JWH133 treatment. Our study suggests that CB2 receptor activation alleviates LIRI by inhibiting oxidative stress and that NOX2 is involved in CB2-mediated protection against LIRI in mice.

Keywords: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury; NOX2 inhibitor; cannabinoid 2 receptor; oxidative stress
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020 ;2020 5863617

miR-155-5p Promotes Oxalate- and Calcium-Induced Kidney Oxidative Stress Injury by Suppressing MGP Expression.

Kehua Jiang, Jianxin Hu, Guangheng Luo, Dalong Song, Peng Zhang, Jianguo Zhu, Fa Sun.

Oxalate and calcium are the major risk factors for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to confirm the potential function of miR-155-5p in the formation of CaOx induced by oxalate and calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM). The HK-2 cells were treated by the different concentrations of oxalate and COM for 48 h. We found that oxalate and COM treatment significantly increased ROS generation, LDH release, cellular MDA levels, and H2O2 concentration in HK-2 cells. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that expression of NOX2 was upregulated, while that of SOD-2 was downregulated following the treatment with oxalate and COM in HK-2 cells. Moreover, the results of miRNA microarray analysis showed that miR-155-5p was significantly upregulated after oxalate and COM treated in HK-2 cells, but miR-155-5p inhibitor treatment significantly decreased ROS generation, LDH release, cellular MDA levels, and H2O2 concentration in HK-2 cells incubated with oxalate and COM. miR-155-5p negatively regulated the expression level of MGP via directly targeting its 3'-UTR, verified by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter System. In vivo, polarized light optical microphotography showed that CaOx crystal significantly increased in the high-dose oxalate and Ca2+ groups compared to the control group. Furthermore, IHC analyses showed strong positive staining intensity for the NOX-2 protein in the high-dose oxalate and Ca2+-treated mouse kidneys, and miR-155-5p overexpression can further enhance its expression. However, the expression of SOD-2 protein was weakly stained. In conclusion, our study indicates that miR-155-5p promotes oxalate- and COM-induced kidney oxidative stress injury by suppressing MGP expression.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5863617
Matrix Biol. 2020 Mar 21. pii: S0945-053X(20)30030-5. [Epub ahead of print]

Computational Model Predicts Paracrine and Intracellular Drivers of Fibroblast Phenotype After Myocardial Infarction.

Angela C Zeigler, Anders R Nelson, Anirudha S Chandrabhatla, Olga Brazhkina, Jeffrey W Holmes, Jeffrey J Saucerman.

The fibroblast is a key mediator of wound healing in the heart and other organs, yet how it integrates multiple time-dependent paracrine signals to control extracellular matrix synthesis has been difficult to study in vivo. Here, we extended a computational model to simulate the dynamics of fibroblast signaling and fibrosis after myocardial infarction (MI) in response to time-dependent data for nine paracrine stimuli. This computational model was validated against dynamic collagen expression and collagen area fraction data from post-infarction rat hearts. The model predicted that while many features of the fibroblast phenotype at inflammatory or maturation phases of healing could be recapitulated by single static paracrine stimuli (interleukin-1 and angiotensin-II, respectively), mimicking the reparative phase required paired stimuli (e.g. TGFβ and endothelin-1). Virtual overexpression screens simulated with either static cytokine pairs or post-MI paracrine dynamic predicted phase-specific regulators of collagen expression. Several regulators increased (Smad3) or decreased (Smad7, protein kinase G) collagen expression specifically in the reparative phase. NADPH oxidase (NOX) overexpression sustained collagen expression from reparative to maturation phases, driven by TGFβ and endothelin positive feedback loops. Interleukin-1 overexpression had mixed effects, both enhancing collagen via the TGFβ positive feedback loop and suppressing collagen via NFκB and BAMBI (BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor) incoherent feed-forward loops. These model-based predictions reveal network mechanisms by which the dynamics of paracrine stimuli and interacting signaling pathways drive the progression of fibroblast phenotypes and fibrosis after myocardial infarction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matbio.2020.03.007
J Proteome Res. 2020 Mar 23.

The proteomic landscape of cysteine oxidation that underpins retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation.

Katrin Brenig, Leonie Grube, Markus Schwarzländer, Karl Köhrer, Kai Stuhler, Gereon Poschmann.

The initial phases of neuronal differentiation are key to neuronal function. A particularly informative model to study these initial phases are retinoic acid stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Although these progressions are associated with redox-sensitive processes, it is largely undefined how the cellular proteome underpins redox dynamics and the management of reactive oxygen species. Here, we map the global cysteine-based redox landscape of SH-SY5Y cells using quantitative redox proteomics. We find evidence that redox alterations occurred early in differentiation and affect the expression of neuronal marker proteins and the extension of neurites. The spatiotemporal analysis of reactive oxygen species suggests a NOX2-dependent peak in cytoplasmic superoxide anions/hydrogen peroxide generation 2 h after retinoic acid stimulation. At the same timepoint 241 out of 275 proteins with an altered cysteine redox state are reversibly oxidized in response to retinoic acid. Our analyses pinpoint redox alterations of proteins involved in the retinoic acid homeostasis and cytoskeletal dynamics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00752