bims-netuvo 2022-08-21 papers

Issue of 2022‒08‒21
four papers selected by
Maksym V. Kopanitsa, The Francis Crick Institute

Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Aug 19. 101(33): e30084

Nerve invasion as an independent predictor of poor prognosis in gastric cancer after curative resection.

Chunsheng Li, Mingchuan Wang, Xianbin Cheng, Yang Jiang, Huijie Xiao.

The study aims to reveal the clinical significance of perineural invasion (PNI) for gastric cancer prognosis and determine the risk factors of PNI in gastric cancer. This study retrospectively analyzed 350 patients who were diagnosed with GC and underwent curative surgical resection. Variables used to analyze survival included gender, age, degree of differentiation, T classification, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular invasion, nerve invasion, mucinous adenocarcinoma component, and signet ring cell carcinoma component. The tumors of all patients were surgically resected. All resected specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical. The data for the patient's lymphovascular invasion and PNI came from the collected pathological reports. The results of the survival analysis showed that T staging (P < .001), lymph node metastasis (P < .001), lymphovascular invasion (P = .013), PNI (P = .001), and signet ring cell carcinoma components (P = .046) affect the survival time and have a statistically significant difference. Multivariate analysis indicated that the positivity of PNI was an independent prognostic factor (P = .014). T staging (P = .006) and lymph node metastasis (P = .013) were independent prognostic parameters too. Using the Spearman correlation analysis, the following clinicopathological indicators were associated with PNI positivity, such as tumor differentiation, T staging, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, and signet ring cell carcinoma components (P < .05). PNI is an independent marker of poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000030084

World J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jul 07. 28(25): 2910-2919

Multiple roles for cholinergic signaling in pancreatic diseases.

Jun-Min Yang, Xiao-Yu Yang, Jian-Hua Wan.

Cholinergic nerves are widely distributed throughout the human body and participate in various physiological activities, including sensory, motor, and visceral activities, through cholinergic signaling. Cholinergic signaling plays an important role in pancreatic exocrine secretion. A large number of studies have found that cholinergic signaling overstimulates pancreatic acinar cells through muscarinic receptors, participates in the onset of pancreatic diseases such as acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis, and can also inhibit the progression of pancreatic cancer. However, cholinergic signaling plays a role in reducing pain and inflammation through nicotinic receptors, but enhances the proliferation and invasion of pancreatic tumor cells. This review focuses on the progression of cholinergic signaling and pancreatic diseases in recent years and reveals the role of cholinergic signaling in pancreatic diseases.

Keywords: Acetylcholine; Muscarinic receptors; Nicotinic receptors; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic exocrine; Pancreatitis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2910

J Hand Microsurg. 2022 Apr;14(2): 160-162

A Linear Variant of Segmental Schwannomatosis Localized to the Upper Extremity.

Ashkaun Shaterian, Tuna Ozyurekoglu.

Introduction Schwannomas represent benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Their phenotypic presentations in schwannomatosis and segmental schwannomatosis have been well described. To date, however, cases of schwannomatosis or multiple schwannomas localized to a single nerve fascicle have been limited in the literature. Case Presentation In this study, we identify a case of a 48 year-old non-neurofibromatosis male who presented with symptomatic schwannomas localized to a single nerve fascicle of the upper extremity. Intraoperative exploration revealed four schwannomas arising from a 15-cm segment of ulnar nerve fascicle. Surgical excision was successful, without neurological deficit or recurrence. Conclusion This study identifies a case of schwannomatosis localized to a single nerve fascicle that may represent a linear variant of segmental schwannomatosis. The presentation may represent a temporary linear appearance in progression to "nonlinear" segmental variant; however, a molecularly distinct subset of schwannomas cannot be excluded.

Keywords: peripheral nerve sheath tumor; schwannoma; schwannomatosis; upper extremity

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1715424

Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 Aug 16. 79(9): 485

Effect of chronic stress on tumorigenesis and development.

Chen Wang, Yumeng Shen, Jiaping Ni, Weiwei Hu, Yong Yang.

Chronic stress activates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to aggravates tumorigenesis and development. Although the importance of SNS and HPA in maintaining homeostasis has already attracted much attention, there is still a lot remained unknown about the molecular mechanisms by which chronic stress influence the occurrence and development of tumor. While some researches have already concluded the mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic stress on tumor, complicated processes of tumor progression resulted in effects of chronic stress on various stages of tumor remains elusive. In this reviews we concluded recent research progresses of chronic stress and its effects on premalignancy, tumorigenesis and tumor development, we comprehensively summarized the molecular mechanisms in between. And we highlight the available treatments and potential therapies for stressed patients with tumor.

Keywords: Epinephrine; Glucocorticoids; Norepinephrine; Tumor formation; Tumor inhibition; Tumor progression

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-022-04455-3