bims-myxlip 2023-04-30 papers

Issue of 2023–04–30
five papers selected by
Laura Mannarino, Humanitas Research

Clin Case Rep. 2023 Apr;11(4): e7209

An inguinal enigma: Myxoid liposarcoma in a female.

Shantanu Agarwal, Lovenish Bains, Sripooja Makthala, Pawan Lal, Meeta Singh.

Myxoid liposarcoma of the inguinal region is rare, can mimics an inguinal hernia. Any swelling in the inguinal region, that is partially reducible, fluctuant, soft, and without any signs of bowel obstruction should be evaluated further.

Keywords: inguinal swelling; myxoid lipo; sarcoma; soft tissue sarcoma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.7209

Front Oncol. 2023 ;13 1194593

Editorial: Precision medicine in sarcomas: the road to an effective biomarker-driven-care strategy.

Samia Arifi, Anastasia Constantinidou.

Keywords: biomarker; immunotherapy; precision medicine; radiomic; sarcoma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1194593

Life (Basel). 2023 Apr 10. pii: 979. [Epub ahead of print]13(4):

Centralized and Interdisciplinary Therapy Management in the Treatment of Sarcomas.

Annika Strönisch, Sven Märdian, Anne Flörcken.

Sarcoma treatment requires a high level of expertise due to its rarity and heterogeneity. Sarcoma patients should, therefore, be referred to an expert centre as early as possible to ensure optimal treatment. Numerous studies have been carried out to provide evidence for this strategy. In compliance with the 2020 PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid Medline, ClinicalTrials.gov and Cochrane Library databases. The subject of these studies was the centralised treatment of adult sarcoma patients at expert centres and the use of interdisciplinary tumour boards. Uncertainty in therapy, delays in referral to expert centres, and limited access to therapeutic modalities continue to be a challenge in sarcoma therapy. At expert centres, diagnostic procedures were more frequently and adequately performed, and treatment was associated with an improvement in outcomes in the majority of studies: patients benefited from longer survival, lower local recurrence rates and a better postoperative outcome. The implementation of an interdisciplinary tumour board was associated with discrepant results. In a greater number of studies, it was associated with a lower local relapse rate, better overall survival and surgical outcome. In two studies, however, a shorter overall survival was observed. The establishment of expert centres and the consistent use of interdisciplinary tumour boards are important structures for ensuring multidisciplinary therapy approaches. There is growing evidence that this holds great potential for optimising sarcoma therapy.

Keywords: cancer centre; expert centre; interdisciplinary therapy; interdisciplinary tumour board; multidisciplinary therapy; sarcoma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life13040979

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 18. pii: 7421. [Epub ahead of print]24(8):

D-Chiro-Inositol and Myo-Inositol Induce WAT/BAT Trans-Differentiation in Two Different Human Adipocyte Models (SGBS and LiSa-2).

Giovanni Monastra, Riccardo Gambioli, Vittorio Unfer, Gianpiero Forte, Elsa Maymo-Masip, Raffaella Comitato.

White adipose tissue/brown adipose tissue trans-differentiation is one of the main study targets for therapies against obesity and metabolic diseases. In recent years, numerous molecules able to induce such trans-differentiation have been identified; however, their effect in obesity therapies has not been as expected. In the present study, we investigated whether myo-inositol and its stereoisomer D-chiro-inositol could be involved in the browning of white adipose tissue. Our preliminary results clearly indicate that both, at 60 μM concentration, induce the upregulation of uncoupling protein 1 mRNA expression, the main brown adipose tissue marker, and increase mitochondrial copy number as well as oxygen consumption ratio. These changes demonstrate an activation of cell metabolism. Therefore, our results show that human differentiated adipocytes (SGBS and LiSa-2), assume the features typical of brown adipose tissue after both treatments. Furthermore, in the cell lines examined, we proved that D-chiro-inositol and myo-Inositol induce an increase in the expression of estrogen receptor mRNAs, suggesting a possible modulation by these isomers. We also found an increase in the mRNA of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, a very important target in lipid metabolism and metabolic diseases. Our results open new opportunities for the use of inositols in therapeutic strategies to counteract obesity and its metabolic complications.

Keywords: D-chiro-inositol; PPAR-γ; UCP-1; brown adipose tissue; estrogen receptor; myo-inositol; obesity; trans-differentiation; white adipose tissue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087421

Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Apr 19. pii: 7493. [Epub ahead of print]24(8):

Tumor-Associated Macrophage Subsets: Shaping Polarization and Targeting.

Qindong Zhang, Mouldy Sioud.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a critical regulator of tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Among the innate immune cells recruited to the tumor site, macrophages are the most abundant cell population and are present at all stages of tumor progression. They undergo M1/M2 polarization in response to signals derived from TME. M1 macrophages suppress tumor growth, while their M2 counterparts exert pro-tumoral effects by promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to current therapies. Several subsets of the M2 phenotype have been observed, often denoted as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d. These are induced by different stimuli and differ in phenotypes as well as functions. In this review, we discuss the key features of each M2 subset, their implications in cancers, and highlight the strategies that are being developed to harness TAMs for cancer treatment.

Keywords: cell signaling; polarization; solid cancers; targeted therapy; tumor microenvironment; tumor-associated macrophages

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087493