bims-mirpro Biomed News
on MiRNA as biomarker in prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis
Issue of 2023–06–11
ten papers selected by
Garima Jain, Banaras Hindu University
  1. Non-coding RNA's prevalence as biomarkers for prognostic, diagnostic, and clinical utility in breast cancer.
  2. Inducing apoptosis by using microRNA in radio-resistant prostate cancer: an in-silico study with an in-vitro validation.
  3. Molecular Mechanisms of miR-214 Involved in Cancer and Drug Resistance.
  4. Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes?
  5. Research hotspots of prostate cancer at the international conferences on urology in 2022.
  6. The Application of Radiolabeled Targeted Molecular Probes for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer.
  7. An interplay between non-coding RNAs and gut microbiota in human health.
  8. Prostate Cancer Survivorship Today: Support that Spans the Journey.
  9. The Role of MicroRNA in the Myocarditis: a Small Actor for a Great Role.
  10. Inflammatory microRNAs in cardiovascular pathology: another brick in the wall.
  1. Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 Jun 04. 23(2): 195
    Non-coding RNA's prevalence as biomarkers for prognostic, diagnostic, and clinical utility in breast cancer.
    Rafat Ali, Sorforaj A Laskar, Nida Jamil Khan, Shadma Wahab, Mohammad Khalid.
      Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which make up a significant portion of the mammalian transcriptome and plays crucial regulatory roles in expression of genes and other biological processes, have recently been found. The most extensively researched of the sncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), have been characterized in terms of their synthesis, roles, and significance in the tumor development. Its crucial function in the stem cell regulation, another class of sncRNAs known as aspirRNAs, has attracted attention in cancer research. The investigations have shown that long non-coding RNAs have a crucial role in controlling developmental stages, such as mammary gland development. Additionally, it has been discovered that lncRNA dysregulation precedes the development of several malignancies, including breast cancer. The functions of sncRNAs (including miRNAs and piRNAs) and lncRNAs in the onset and development of the breast cancer are described in this study. Additionally, future perspectives of various ncRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic approaches also discussed.
    Keywords:  Breast cancer: ncRNAs; PIWI-RNAs; lncRNAs; miRNAs
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-023-01123-y
  2. Mol Biol Rep. 2023 Jun 09.
    Inducing apoptosis by using microRNA in radio-resistant prostate cancer: an in-silico study with an in-vitro validation.
    Leili Darvish, Mohammad-Taghi Bahreyni-Toossi, Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari, Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei, Azadeh Amraee, Ali Tarighatnia, Hosein Azimian.
       BACKGROUND: One of the problems with radiation therapy (RT) is that prostate tumor cells are often radio-resistant, which results in treatment failure. This study aimed to determine the procedure involved in radio-resistant prostate cancer apoptosis. For a deeper insight, we devoted a novel bioinformatics approach to analyze the targeting between microRNAs and radio-resistant prostate cancer genes.
    METHOD: This study uses the Tarbase, and the Mirtarbase databases as validated experimental databases and mirDIP as a predicted database to identify microRNAs that target radio-resistant anti-apoptotic genes. These genes are used to construct the radio-resistant prostate cancer genes network using the online tool STRING. The validation of causing apoptosis by using microRNA was confirmed with flow cytometry of Annexin V.
    RESULTS: The anti-apoptotic gene of radio-resistant prostate cancer included BCL-2, MCL1, XIAP, STAT3, NOTCH1, REL, REL B, BIRC3, and AKT1 genes. These genes were identified as anti-apoptotic genes for radio-resistant prostate cancer. The crucial microRNA that knockdown all of these genes was hsa-miR-7-5p. The highest rate of apoptotic cells in a cell transfected with hsa-miR-7-5p was (32.90 ± 1.49), plenti III (21.99 ± 3.72), and the control group (5.08 ± 0.88) in 0 Gy (P < 0.001); also, this rate was in miR-7-5p (47.01 ± 2.48), plenti III (33.79 ± 3.40), and the control group (16.98 ± 3.11) (P < 0.001) for 4 Gy.
    CONCLUSION: The use of this new treatment such as gene therapy to suppress genes involved in apoptosis can help to improve the treatment results and increase the quality of life of patients with prostate cancer.
    Keywords:  Prostate cancer; Radio-resistant; Radiotherapy; Systems biology; microRNA
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-023-08545-8
  3. Curr Mol Med. 2023 May 30. 23(7): 589-605
    Molecular Mechanisms of miR-214 Involved in Cancer and Drug Resistance.
    Elham Karimi, Aghdas Dehghani, Hanieh Azari, Mahboobeh Zarei, Mohammad Shekari, Pegah Mousavi.
      As a transcriptional regulation element, the microRNA plays a crucial role in many aspects of molecular biological processes, like cellular metabolism, cell division, cell death, cell movement, intracellular signaling, and immunity. Previous studies suggested that microRNA-214 (miR-214) is probably a valuable cancer marker. In this study, a brief updated overview of the vital dual role of miR-214 in cancer as a tumor suppressor or oncogene was provided. We also examined target genes and signaling pathways related to the dysregulation of miR-214 reported in previous experimental research on various human diseases. To highlight the critical function of miR-214 in the prognostic, diagnostic, and pathogenesis of cancer diseases, we focused on the probable clinical biomarker and drug resistance function of miR-214. The current research provides a comprehensive perspective of the regulatory mechanisms governed by miR-214 in human disease pathogenesis and a list of probable candidates for future study.
    Keywords:  RNAs; cancer diseases; miR-214; miRNA.; microRNA; target genes
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2174/1566524022666220428112744
  4. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2023 May 15. 15(5): 731-756
    Exosomes in metastasis of colorectal cancers: Friends or foes?
    Zheng Wu, Ze-Xuan Fang, Yan-Yu Hou, Bing-Xuan Wu, Yu Deng, Hua-Tao Wu, Jing Liu.
      Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common type of cancer worldwide, threaten human health and quality of life. With multidisciplinary, including surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, patients with an early diagnosis of CRC can have a good prognosis. However, metastasis in CRC patients is the main risk factor causing cancer-related death. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of CRC metastasis is the difficult and research focus on the investigation of the CRC mechanism. On the other hand, the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been confirmed as having an essential role in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of malignancies, including CRCs. Among the different factors in the TME, exosomes as extracellular vesicles, function as bridges in the communication between cancer cells and different components of the TME to promote the progression and metastasis of CRC. MicroRNAs packaged in exosomes can be derived from different sources and transported into the TME to perform oncogenic or tumor-suppressor roles accordingly. This article focuses on CRC exosomes and illustrates their role in regulating the metastasis of CRC, especially through the packaging of miRNAs, to evoke exosomes as novel biomarkers for their impact on the metastasis of CRC progression.
    Keywords:  Biomarker; Colorectal cancer; Exosome; Metastasis; miRNA
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.731
  5. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2023 Apr 25. pii: 1008-9292(2023)02-0178-07. [Epub ahead of print]52(2): 178-184
    Research hotspots of prostate cancer at the international conferences on urology in 2022.
    Jiahe Yi, Jiangfeng Li, Liping Xie.
      The American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EUA) and International Urological Society (SIU) annual meetings were held in 2022. Studies on prostate cancer reported in the meetings mainly focus on the advances of diagnostic biomarkers (such as α-2, 3-1inked sialylation of terminal N-glycan on free PSA density, SelectMDx) and imaging techniques [such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-PET/CT], the new method for prostate biopsy, the new treatments of prostate cancer including [177Lu] Ludotadipep and DROP-IN PSMA probe, and the prognosis assessment of prostate cancer (such as AR-V7). This article provides an overview on the research hotspots of three international academic meetings.
    Keywords:  PSMA-PET/CT; Prostate biopsy; Prostate cancer; Prostate-specific antigen; Reviews
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3724/zdxbyxb-2022-0712
  6. Korean J Radiol. 2023 06;24(6): 574-589
    The Application of Radiolabeled Targeted Molecular Probes for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prostate Cancer.
    Luyi Cheng, Tianshuo Yang, Jun Zhang, Feng Gao, Lingyun Yang, Weijing Tao.
      Radiopharmaceuticals targeting prostate-specific membrane antigens (PSMA) are essential for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa), particularly metastatic castration-resistant PCa, for which conventional treatment is ineffective. These molecular probes include [68Ga]PSMA, [18F]PSMA, [Al18F]PSMA, [99mTc]PSMA, and [89Zr]PSMA, which are widely used for diagnosis, and [177Lu]PSMA and [225Ac]PSMA, which are used for treatment. There are also new types of radiopharmaceuticals. Due to the differentiation and heterogeneity of tumor cells, a subtype of PCa with an extremely poor prognosis, referred to as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), has emerged, and its diagnosis and treatment present great challenges. To improve the detection rate of NEPC and prolong patient survival, many researchers have investigated the use of relevant radiopharmaceuticals as targeted molecular probes for the detection and treatment of NEPC lesions, including DOTA-TOC and DOTA-TATE for somatostatin receptors, 4A06 for CUB domain-containing protein 1, and FDG. This review focused on the specific molecular targets and various radionuclides that have been developed for PCa in recent years, including those mentioned above and several others, and aimed to provide valuable up-to-date information and research ideas for future studies.
    Keywords:  Neuroendocrine prostate cancer; Prostate cancer; Prostate specific membrane antigen; Radionuclide imaging; Radionuclide treatment
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2022.1002
  7. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023 Jun 01. pii: S0168-8227(23)00502-8. [Epub ahead of print]201 110739
    An interplay between non-coding RNAs and gut microbiota in human health.
    Fatemeh Fardi, Leila Bahari Khasraghi, Negin Shahbakhti, Amir Salami Naseriyan, Sajad Najafi, Saameh Sanaaee, Iraj Alipourfard, Marzieh Zamany, Saman Karamipour, Mehdi Jahani, Jamal Majidpoor, Kambiz Kalhor, Mehrdad Talebi, Seyed Mohsen Aghaei-Zarch.
      Humans have a complicated symbiotic relationship with their gut microbiome, which is postulated to impact host health and disease broadly. Epigenetic alterations allow host cells to regulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. The gut microbiome, offering environmental hints, can influence responses to stimuli by host cells with modifications on their epigenome and gene expression. Recent increasing data suggest that regulatory non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, circular RNAs, and long lncRNA) may affect host-microbe interactions. These RNAs have been suggested as potential host response biomarkers in microbiome-associated disorders, including diabetes and cancer. This article reviews the current understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and non-coding RNA, including lncRNA, miRNA, and circular RNA. This can lead to a profound understanding of human disease and influence therapy. Furthermore, microbiome engineering as a mainstream strategy for improving human health has been discussed and confirms the hypothesis about a direct cross-talk between microbiome composition and non-coding RNA.
    Keywords:  Gut microbiome; Health; Microbiome Engineering; Non-coding RNA
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110739
  8. Eur Urol Focus. 2023 Jun 02. pii: S2405-4569(23)00114-1. [Epub ahead of print]
    Prostate Cancer Survivorship Today: Support that Spans the Journey.
    Alicia Morgans.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euf.2023.05.003
  9. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2023 Jun 03.
    The Role of MicroRNA in the Myocarditis: a Small Actor for a Great Role.
    Cristina Chimenti, Michele Magnocavallo, Giampaolo Vetta, Maria Alfarano, Giulia Manguso, Francesco Ajmone, Federico Ballatore, Jacopo Costantino, Piera Ciaramella, Paolo Severino, Fabio Miraldi, Carlo Lavalle, Carmine Dario Vizza.
       PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium secondary to a variety of agents such as infectious pathogens, toxins, drugs, and autoimmune disorders. In our review, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and their role in the etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis, evaluating future directions for myocarditis management.
    RECENT FINDINGS: Advances in genetic manipulation techniques allowed to demonstrate the important role of RNA fragments, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in cardiovascular pathogenesis. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression. Advances in molecular techniques allowed to identify miRNA's role in pathogenesis of myocarditis. miRNAs are related to viral infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, making them not only promising diagnostic markers but also prognostics and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. Of course, further real-world studies will be needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of miRNA in the myocarditis diagnosis.
    Keywords:  Diagnosis; Experimental myocarditis; MicroRNA; Myocarditis; Pathogenesis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11886-023-01888-5
  10. Front Immunol. 2023 ;14 1196104
    Inflammatory microRNAs in cardiovascular pathology: another brick in the wall.
    Laura Zapata-Martínez, Sonia Águila, Ascensión M de Los Reyes-García, Salvador Carrillo-Tornel, María L Lozano, Rocío González-Conejero, Constantino Martínez.
      The regulatory role of microRNAs (miRNAs) is mainly mediated by their effect on protein expression and is recognized in a multitude of pathophysiological processes. In recent decades, accumulating evidence has interest in these factors as modulatory elements of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Furthermore, additional biological processes have been identified as new components of cardiovascular disease etiology. In particular, inflammation is now considered an important cardiovascular risk factor. Thus, in the present review, we will focus on the role of a subset of miRNAs called inflamma-miRs that may regulate inflammatory status in the development of cardiovascular pathology. According to published data, the most representative candidates that play functional roles in thromboinflammation are miR-21, miR-33, miR-34a, miR-146a, miR-155, and miR-223. We will describe the functions of these miRNAs in several cardiovascular pathologies in depth, with specific emphasis on the molecular mechanisms related to atherogenesis. We will also discuss the latest findings on the role of miRNAs as regulators of neutrophil extracellular traps and their impact on cardiovascular diseases. Overall, the data suggest that the use of miRNAs as therapeutic tools or biomarkers may improve the diagnosis or prognosis of adverse cardiovascular events in inflammatory diseases. Thus, targeting or increasing the levels of adequate inflamma-miRs at different stages of disease could help mitigate or avoid the development of cardiovascular morbidities.
    Keywords:  cardiovascular diseases; inflammation; microRNAs; neutrophil extracellular traps (NET); thromboinflammation
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196104
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