bims-mifefi Biomed News
on Mitochondria and female physiology
Issue of 2024–03–10
ten papers selected by
Kayla Vandiver, East Carolina University
  1. Mitochondrial calcium: An essential element for skeletal muscle performance and function.
  2. Childhood adverse life events and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
  3. The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Resistance Development in Female Rodents with Type 1 Diabetes.
  4. Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease.
  5. Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability.
  6. Locally applied heat stress during exercise training may promote adaptations to mitochondrial enzyme activities in skeletal muscle.
  7. Effects of chemotherapy treatment on muscle strength indicators, functional capacity and biopsychosocial aspects of women with breast cancer.
  8. Sex-based differences in Muscle Stem Cell Regulation Following Exercise.
  9. Becoming a World Champion Powerlifter at 71 Years of Age: It Is Never Too Late to Start Exercising.
  10. Sex differences in fatiguability during single-joint resistance exercise in a resistance-trained population.
  1. J Physiol. 2024 Mar 04.
    Mitochondrial calcium: An essential element for skeletal muscle performance and function.
    Jaydeep Sharma, Somnath Mondal, Mahima Kumari.
      
    Keywords:  MCU; MICU; calcium; fibre type; mitochondria; skeletal muscle
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1113/JP286218
  2. Sci Adv. 2024 Mar 08. 10(10): eadj6411
    Childhood adverse life events and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
    Kate A Duchowny, David J Marcinek, Theresa Mau, L Grisell Diaz-Ramierz, Li-Yung Lui, Frederico G S Toledo, Peggy M Cawthon, Russell T Hepple, Philip A Kramer, Anne B Newman, Stephen B Kritchevsky, Steven R Cummings, Paul M Coen, Anthony J A Molina.
      Social stress experienced in childhood is associated with adverse health later in life. Mitochondrial function has been implicated as a mechanism for how stressful life events "get under the skin" to influence physical well-being. Using data from the Study of Muscle, Mobility, and Aging (n = 879, 59% women), linear models examined whether adverse childhood events (i.e., physical abuse) were associated with two measures of skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in older adults: (i) maximal adenosine triphosphate production (ATPmax) and (ii) maximal state 3 respiration (Max OXPHOS). Forty-five percent of the sample reported experiencing one or more adverse childhood events. After adjustment, each additional event was associated with -0.08 SD (95% confidence interval = -0.13, -0.02) lower ATPmax. No association was observed with Max OXPHOS. Adverse childhood events are associated with lower ATP production in later life. Findings indicate that mitochondrial function may be a mechanism for understanding how early social stress influences health in later life.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adj6411
  3. J Diabetes Res. 2024 ;2024 5549762
    The Effects of Resistance Exercise Training on Skeletal Muscle Metabolism and Insulin Resistance Development in Female Rodents with Type 1 Diabetes.
    Mitchell J Sammut, David P McBey, Amit P Sayal, C W James Melling.
      The etiology of insulin resistance (IR) development in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear; however, impaired skeletal muscle metabolism may play a role. While IR development has been established in male T1DM rodents, female rodents have yet to be examined in this context. Resistance exercise training (RT) has been shown to improve IR and is associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia onset in T1DM compared to aerobic exercise. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of RT on IR development in female T1DM rodents. Forty Sprague Dawley eight-week-old female rats were divided into four groups: control sedentary (CS; n = 10), control trained (CT; n = 10), T1DM sedentary (DS; n = 10), and T1DM trained (DT; n = 10). Multiple low-dose streptozotocin injections were used to induce T1DM. Blood glucose levels were maintained in the 4-9 mmol/l range with intensive insulin therapy. CT and DT underwent weighted ladder climbing 5 days/week for six weeks. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were conducted on all animals following the six-week period. Results demonstrate that DS animals exhibited significantly increased weekly blood glucose measures compared to all groups including DT (p < 0.0001), despite similar insulin dosage levels. This was concomitant with a significant increase in insulin-adjusted area under the curve following IVGTT in DS (p < 0.05), indicative of a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Both DT and DS exhibited greater serum insulin concentrations compared to CT and CS (p < 0.05). DS animals also exhibited significantly greater glycogen content in white gastrocnemius muscle compared to CS and DT (p < 0.05), whereas DT and DS animals exhibited greater p-Akt: Akt ratio in the white vastus lateralis muscle and citrate synthase activity in the red vastus lateralis muscle compared to CS and CT (p < 0.05). These results indicate that female rodents with T1DM develop poor glycemic control and IR which can be attenuated with RT, possibly related to differences in intramyocellular glycogen content.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/5549762
  4. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2024 Mar 08. e14131
    Muscle physiology and its relations to the whole body in health and disease.
    Kathrin Groeneveld.
      Over the past years, researchers increased awareness of the connection of muscle tissue to the rest of the human body and of the possibilities to tweak the muscles' metabolism in order to gain positive effects on whole body metabolism, energy balance, and immune system. Physiotherapists and doctors aim to find practical exercise guidelines for patients to follow for ideal treatment. To do so, much research is happening to understand the complexity of muscle-body balance. This article reviews the most recent research in this topic that was published by ActaPhysiologica.
    Keywords:  muscle physiology; skeletal muscle tissue
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.14131
  5. Cell Metab. 2024 Mar 01. pii: S1550-4131(24)00050-0. [Epub ahead of print]
    Hepatic malonyl-CoA synthesis restrains gluconeogenesis by suppressing fat oxidation, pyruvate carboxylation, and amino acid availability.
    Stanislaw Deja, Justin A Fletcher, Chai-Wan Kim, Blanka Kucejova, Xiaorong Fu, Monika Mizerska, Morgan Villegas, Natalia Pudelko-Malik, Nicholas Browder, Melissa Inigo-Vollmer, Cameron J Menezes, Prashant Mishra, Eric D Berglund, Jeffrey D Browning, John P Thyfault, Jamey D Young, Jay D Horton, Shawn C Burgess.
      Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) promotes prandial liver metabolism by producing malonyl-CoA, a substrate for de novo lipogenesis and an inhibitor of CPT-1-mediated fat oxidation. We report that inhibition of ACC also produces unexpected secondary effects on metabolism. Liver-specific double ACC1/2 knockout (LDKO) or pharmacologic inhibition of ACC increased anaplerosis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, and gluconeogenesis by activating hepatic CPT-1 and pyruvate carboxylase flux in the fed state. Fasting should have marginalized the role of ACC, but LDKO mice maintained elevated TCA cycle intermediates and preserved glycemia during fasting. These effects were accompanied by a compensatory induction of proteolysis and increased amino acid supply for gluconeogenesis, which was offset by increased protein synthesis during feeding. Such adaptations may be related to Nrf2 activity, which was induced by ACC inhibition and correlated with fasting amino acids. The findings reveal unexpected roles for malonyl-CoA synthesis in liver and provide insight into the broader effects of pharmacologic ACC inhibition.
    Keywords:  Nrf2; TCA cycle; acetyl-CoA carboxylase; anaplerosis; autophagy; gluconeogenesis; lipogenesis; malonyl-CoA; protein synthesis; proteolysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.004
  6. Pflugers Arch. 2024 Mar 06.
    Locally applied heat stress during exercise training may promote adaptations to mitochondrial enzyme activities in skeletal muscle.
    Ed Maunder, Andrew King, Jeffrey A Rothschild, Matthew J Brick, Warren B Leigh, Christopher P Hedges, Troy L Merry, Andrew E Kilding.
      There is some evidence for temperature-dependent stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis; however, the role of elevated muscle temperature during exercise in mitochondrial adaptation to training has not been studied in humans in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of elevating muscle temperature during exercise in temperate conditions through the application of mild, local heat stress on mitochondrial adaptations to endurance training. Eight endurance-trained males undertook 3 weeks of supervised cycling training, during which mild (~ 40 °C) heat stress was applied locally to the upper-leg musculature of one leg during all training sessions (HEAT), with the contralateral leg serving as the non-heated, exercising control (CON). Vastus lateralis microbiopsies were obtained from both legs before and after the training period. Training-induced increases in complex I (fold-change, 1.24 ± 0.33 vs. 1.01 ± 0.49, P = 0.029) and II (fold-change, 1.24 ± 0.33 vs. 1.01 ± 0.49, P = 0.029) activities were significantly larger in HEAT than CON. No significant effects of training, or interactions between local heat stress application and training, were observed for complex I-V or HSP70 protein expressions. Our data provides partial evidence to support the hypothesis that elevating local muscle temperature during exercise augments training-induced adaptations to mitochondrial enzyme activity.
    Keywords:  Exercise; Heat; Mitochondria; Muscle
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-024-02939-8
  7. Am J Cancer Res. 2024 ;14(2): 762-773
    Effects of chemotherapy treatment on muscle strength indicators, functional capacity and biopsychosocial aspects of women with breast cancer.
    Rafael Ribeiro Alves, Vitor Alves Marques, Weder Alves da Silva, Ruffo Freitas-Junior, Anderson Miguel da Cruz, Fabrício Boscolo Del Vecchio, Victor Domingos Lisita Rosa, Carlos Alexandre Vieira.
      Evidences on the effects of chemotherapy treatment cycles on measures of muscle, mental state, social and cognitive performance are scarce. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of chemotherapy cycles on muscle strength and activation, functional capacity, quality of life, fatigue and anxiety of women with breast cancer. Therefore, twenty-two women divided into a treatment group (n = 10; 46.6 ± 9.6 years) and control group (n = 12; 51.6 ± 7.0 years) participated in the study. Analysis of muscle performance, quality of life, fatigue and anxiety after the 2nd and 4th cycle of chemotherapy with anthracyclines were performed in women with breast cancer (TRA) and compared to healthy women (CTR). Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the variance of the means and the significance level was set as P≤0.05. The results showed Differences in the muscular activation of the vastus mediallis between the groups at post time (P = 0.038), as well as in the sit and stand test in the baseline (P<0.001) and post moment (P<0.001). Functional capacity performance was different between baseline (P<0.001) and post-time (P<0.001) groups. Additionally, the TRA group worsened the quality of life in the domains of functional capacity (P<0.001) and limitation of physical aspects (P = 0.002), besides presenting negative changes in fatigue. Thus, anthracycline chemotherapy cycles reduce muscular performance and affect biopsychosocial variables in women with breast cancer.
    Keywords:  Chemotherapy; anthracyclines; muscle strength; quality of life
  8. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2024 Mar 06.
    Sex-based differences in Muscle Stem Cell Regulation Following Exercise.
    Kayleigh Beaudry, Michael De Lisio.
       ABSTRACT: Sexual dimorphism, driven by the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen, influences body composition, muscle fiber type, and inflammation. Research related to muscle stem cell (MuSC) responses to exercise has mainly focused on males. We propose a novel hypothesis that there are sex-based differences in MuSC regulation following exercise, such that males have more MuSCs while females demonstrate a greater capacity for regeneration.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1249/JES.0000000000000337
  9. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2024 Mar 07. 1-9
    Becoming a World Champion Powerlifter at 71 Years of Age: It Is Never Too Late to Start Exercising.
    Cas J Fuchs, Jorn Trommelen, Michelle E G Weijzen, Joey S J Smeets, Janneau van Kranenburg, Lex B Verdijk, Luc J C van Loon.
      This case study assessed body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and metabolic health of the present female world champion powerlifter in the 70+ age category who started resistance exercise training at 63 years of age with no prior experience with structured exercise training. Measures of body composition (magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning, leg volume); strength (one-repetition maximum leg press and extension, maximum voluntary contraction, and handgrip strength); physical function (short physical performance battery); cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption); and metabolic health (oral glucose tolerance test) were assessed. In addition, a muscle biopsy was collected to assess muscle fiber type distribution and cross-sectional area (CSA). Where possible, data were compared with previously (un)published sex- and age-matched data using z scores. Skeletal muscle mass index was calculated by dividing limb muscle mass by height squared. Data from the control groups are expressed as mean ± 95% confidence interval. Our participant (age: 71 years; body mass: 64.5 kg; body mass index: 27.6 kg/m2) reported a good bone mineral density of 1.09 g/cm2 (T score between -1 and +1) and very low values of abdominal and organ body fat (i.e., between 20% and 70% lower compared with a reference group of postmenopausal women). In addition, she showed a 33% greater skeletal muscle mass index when compared with healthy, older female control subjects (7.9 vs. 5.9 [5.7-6.2] kg/m2; n = 61) as well as 37% greater muscle quadriceps CSA (63.8 vs. 46.6 [44.5-48.7] cm2; n = 48) and 46% greater Type II muscle fiber CSA (4,536 vs. 3,097 [2,707-3,488] μm2; n = 19). Absolute leg press muscle strength was 36% greater (190 vs. 140 [132-147] kg; n = 30) and handgrip strength was 33% greater (33 vs. 25 [23-26] kg; n = 48) when compared with healthy, age-matched controls. In conclusion, even for resistance exercise naïve individuals, starting exercise at an advanced age can lead to improvements in body composition and muscle strength allowing older adults to reduce the risk for developing metabolic syndrome, live independently, and even compete at a world class level.
    Keywords:  aging; body composition; master athletes; muscle strength; resistance exercise
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2023-0230
  10. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2024 Mar 05.
    Sex differences in fatiguability during single-joint resistance exercise in a resistance-trained population.
    Caleb C Voskuil, Monique D Dudar, Joshua C Carr.
      The primary aim of this study was to compare the fatiguability and acute recovery from a session of unilateral biceps curl exercise between habitually resistance-trained males and females. Twenty participants performed biceps curl one repetition maximum (1RM) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) testing of the elbow flexors. The exercise protocol consisted of four sets of unilateral biceps curls at 50% of the measured 1RM to volitional failure. MVC force and EMG activity of the elbow flexors were assessed following each set and during the recovery phase. The outcome variables compare the repetition volume, MVC strength loss, and EMG responses between males and females during the exercise and recovery phases. Across the exercise protocol, females completed significantly more repetitions compared to males (p < 0.01, d = 1.7) and lost significantly less strength across time (76% versus 69%, d = 0.48, p = 0.046). Additionally, females maintained a higher level of normalized EMG amplitude compared to males across the protocol (p = 0.035; d = 0.510). However, there were no sex differences in the strength (p = 0.562) or EMG (p = 0.607) responses during the recovery phase. In a resistance-trained population, females were able to perform a greater number of repetitions during the biceps curl exercise compared to their male counterparts at the same relative intensity of exercise. The ability of females to maintain a greater proportion of their maximal elbow flexor strength and muscle excitation during exercise suggests females can tolerate greater upper-body resistance exercise volume than males.
    Keywords:  Electromyography; Fatigue; Resistance training; Sex differences
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05445-y
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