bims-mesote 2024-03-24 papers

J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 2024 ;43(2): 13-27

Complex Genomic Rearrangement Patterns in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma due to Environmental Asbestos Exposure.

Tunç Tuncel, Güntülü Ak, Hasan Veysi Güneş, Muzaffer Metintaş.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare type of cancer, and its main risk factor is exposure to asbestos. Accordingly, our knowledge of the genomic structure of an MPM tumor is limited when compared to other cancers. In this study, we aimed to characterize complex genomic rearrangement patterns and variations to better understand the genomics of MPM tumors. We comparatively scanned 3 MPM tumor genomes by Whole-Genome Sequencing and High-Resolution SNP array. We also used various computational algorithms to detect both CNAs and complex chromosomal rearrangements. Genomic data obtained from each bioinformatics tool are interpreted comparatively to better understand CNAs and cancer-related Nucleotide variations in MPM tumors. In patients 1 and 2, we found pathogenic nucleotide variants of BAP1, RB1, and TP53. These two MPM genomes exhibited a highly rearranged chromosomal rearrangement pattern resembling Chromomanagesis particularly in the form of Chromoanasynthesis. In patient 3, we found nucleotide variants of important cancer-related genes, including TGFBR1, KMT2C, and PALLD, to have lower chromosomal rearrangement complexity compared with patients 1 and 2. We also detected several actionable nucleotide variants including XRCC1, ERCC2. We also discovered the SKA3-DDX10 fusion in two MPM genomes, which is a novel finding for MPM. We found that MPM genomes are very complex, suggesting that this highly rearranged pattern is strongly related to driver mutational status like BAP1, TP53 and RB1.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2023046200

Heliyon. 2024 Mar 30. 10(6): e27731

Characterization of KLHL14 anti-oncogenic action in malignant mesothelioma.

Angelo Canciello, Reyes Benot Domínguez, Barbara Barboni, Antonio Giordano, Andrea Morrione.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive neoplasia with a short life expectancy and limited therapeutic options. Thus, the identification of novel molecular targets is a matter of great urgency. Kelch-like (KLHL) proteins play an important role in a number of physiological and pathological cell-regulatory processes. Among this family, the function of KLHL14 is still very poorly characterized. KLHL14 was originally identified as a gene involved in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Here, we demonstrate that KLHL14 not only prevents EMT but also plays an anti-oncogenic role in MM. Indeed, KLHL14 depletion enhanced proliferation, motility, invasion and colony formation in MM cells. Importantly, we also demonstrated that KLHL14 mechanism of action is dependent on Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β). In fact, TGF-β promotes de novo synthesis, increases protein stability and induces nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of KLHL14. Collectively, this research is an important step further to decipher KLHLs mechanism of action and further contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating MM.

Keywords: KLHL14; Malignant mesothelioma; Nuclear cytoplasmic shuttling; TGF-β; Tumor suppression

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27731

J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2024 03;22(2): 72-81

Mesothelioma: Pleural, Version 1.2024.

Mesothelioma is a rare cancer that originates from the mesothelial surfaces of the pleura and other sites, and is estimated to occur in approximately 3,500 people in the United States annually. Pleural mesothelioma is the most common type and represents approximately 85% of these cases. The NCCN Guidelines for Mesothelioma: Pleural provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, treatment, and follow-up for patients with pleural mesothelioma. These NCCN Guidelines Insights highlight significant updates to the NCCN Guidelines for Mesothelioma: Pleural, including revised guidance on disease classification and systemic therapy options.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2024.0014

J Am Soc Cytopathol. 2024 Mar 02. pii: S2213-2945(24)00020-6. [Epub ahead of print]

Reliably making the primary diagnosis of mesothelioma utilizing serous fluid cytology specimens: an institutional experience.

Terri E Jones, Daniel L Geisler, Swikrity Upadhyay Baskota, N Paul Ohori, Jacqueline Cuda, Samer N Khader.

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of mesothelioma has historically been challenging, especially on serous fluid cytology (SFC). Distinguishing between reactive and neoplastic mesothelial cells can be difficult on cytomorphology alone. However, additional ancillary tests, such as BRCA1 associated protein-1 immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A deletion, can provide a sensitive and highly specific method of proving malignancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: SFC specimens diagnosed as mesothelioma, suspicious for mesothelioma (SM), and atypical mesothelial cells (AMCs) since 2012 were identified by querying the laboratory information system. Clinical data and pathologic parameters were gathered.
RESULTS: One hundred ten cases of mesothelioma, SM, and AMC were identified. Of these, 61 cases had a definitive diagnosis of mesothelioma on SFC. Average age at SFC diagnosis was 67 years (26-87 years), with most patients being male (67%). Out of the 61 cases, 11 cases (18%) had an initial diagnosis of mesothelioma made on SFC specimens, with 5 of these 11 cases being in patients that never received a histologic diagnosis of mesothelioma. Ancillary studies were utilized in all 11 cases. An initial diagnosis of metastatic mesothelioma was made on SFC in 9 cases (15%). For 6 of these 9 cases, the SFC diagnosis was the sole diagnosis of metastatic mesothelioma without a companion histologic diagnosis. In addition, 15 cases were diagnosed as SM, with 11 of these cases following a definitive mesothelioma diagnosis. Thirty-four cases were diagnosed as AMC, with 27 cases following a definitive mesothelioma diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of mesothelioma can be reliably made on SFC with the appropriate cytomorphology criteria and/or confirmatory ancillary testing.

Keywords: Atypical mesothelial cells; BAP1; CDKN2A FISH; Fluid cytology; Malignant mesothelioma; Suspicious for malignant mesothelioma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasc.2024.02.006