bims-meprid 2022-11-27 papers

Issue of 2022‒11‒27
five papers selected by
Alessandro Carrer
Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine

Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2022 Nov 17. pii: S0304-419X(22)00162-7. [Epub ahead of print]1878(1): 188837

Acetyl-CoA regulates lipid metabolism and histone acetylation modification in cancer.

Acetyl-CoA, as an important molecule, not only participates in multiple intracellular metabolic reactions, but also affects the post-translational modification of proteins, playing a key role in the metabolic activity and epigenetic inheritance of cells. Cancer cells require extensive lipid metabolism to fuel for their growth, while also require histone acetylation modifications to increase the expression of cancer-promoting genes. As a raw material for de novo lipid synthesis and histone acetylation, acetyl-CoA has a major impact on lipid metabolism and histone acetylation in cancer. More importantly, in cancer, acetyl-CoA connects lipid metabolism with histone acetylation, forming a more complex regulatory mechanism that influences cancer growth, proliferation, metastasis.

Keywords: Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA); Cancer; Histone acetylation; Lipid metabolism

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188837

Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech. 2022 Nov 17. pii: S1874-9399(22)00113-4. [Epub ahead of print]1866(1): 194898

Metabolic substrates, histone modifications, and heart failure.

Zihang Huang, Shuai Song, Xiaokai Zhang, Linqi Zeng, Aijun Sun, Junbo Ge.

Histone epigenetic modifications are chemical modification changes to histone amino acid residues that modulate gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. As both the phenotypic and causal factors, cardiac metabolism disorder exacerbates mitochondrial ATP generation deficiency, thus promoting pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, several concomitant metabolic substrates also promote the expression of hypertrophy-responsive genes via regulating histone modifications as substrates or enzyme-modifiers, indicating their dual roles as metabolic and epigenetic regulators. This review focuses on the cardiac acetyl-CoA-dependent histone acetylation, NAD+-dependent SIRT-mediated deacetylation, FAD+-dependent LSD-mediated, and α-KG-dependent JMJD-mediated demethylation after briefly addressing the pathological and physiological cardiac energy metabolism. Besides using an "iceberg model" to explain the dual role of metabolic substrates as both metabolic and epigenetic regulators, we also put forward that the therapeutic supplementation of metabolic substrates is promising to blunt HF via re-establishing histone modifications.

Keywords: Epigenetics; Heart failure; Histone acetylation; Histone methylation; Metabolic substrates

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194898

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 ;13 1059085

Mitochondrial genomic integrity and the nuclear epigenome in health and disease.

Amanda L Morin, Phyo W Win, Angela Z Lin, Christina A Castellani.

Bidirectional crosstalk between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes is essential for proper cell functioning. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) and heteroplasmy influence mitochondrial function, which can influence the nuclear genome and contribute to health and disease. Evidence shows that mtDNA-CN and heteroplasmic variation are associated with aging, complex disease, and all-cause mortality. Further, the nuclear epigenome may mediate the effects of mtDNA variation on disease. In this way, mitochondria act as an environmental biosensor translating vital information about the state of the cell to the nuclear genome. Cellular communication between mtDNA variation and the nuclear epigenome can be achieved by modification of metabolites and intermediates of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. These essential molecules (e.g. ATP, acetyl-CoA, ɑ-ketoglutarate and S-adenosylmethionine) act as substrates and cofactors for enzymes involved in epigenetic modifications. The role of mitochondria as an environmental biosensor is emerging as a critical modifier of disease states. Uncovering the mechanisms of these dynamics in disease processes is expected to lead to earlier and improved treatment for a variety of diseases. However, the influence of mtDNA-CN and heteroplasmy variation on mitochondrially-derived epigenome-modifying metabolites and intermediates is poorly understood. This perspective will focus on the relationship between mtDNA-CN, heteroplasmy, and epigenome modifying cofactors and substrates, and the influence of their dynamics on the nuclear epigenome in health and disease.

Keywords: DNA methylation; aging; disease; epigenome; histone acetylation; metabolism; mitochondrial DNA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.1059085

Front Microbiol. 2022 ;13 1018220

Dynamic acylome reveals metabolite driven modifications in Syntrophomonas wolfei.

Janine Y Fu, John M Muroski, Mark A Arbing, Jessica A Salguero, Neil Q Wofford, Michael J McInerney, Robert P Gunsalus, Joseph A Loo, Rachel R Ogorzalek Loo.

Syntrophomonas wolfei is an anaerobic syntrophic microbe that degrades short-chain fatty acids to acetate, hydrogen, and/or formate. This thermodynamically unfavorable process proceeds through a series of reactive acyl-Coenzyme A species (RACS). In other prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, the production of intrinsically reactive metabolites correlates with acyl-lysine modifications, which have been shown to play a significant role in metabolic processes. Analogous studies with syntrophic bacteria, however, are relatively unexplored and we hypothesized that highly abundant acylations could exist in S. wolfei proteins, corresponding to the RACS derived from degrading fatty acids. Here, by mass spectrometry-based proteomics (LC-MS/MS), we characterize and compare acylome profiles of two S. wolfei subspecies grown on different carbon substrates. Because modified S. wolfei proteins are sufficiently abundant to analyze post-translational modifications (PTMs) without antibody enrichment, we could identify types of acylations comprehensively, observing six types (acetyl-, butyryl-, 3-hydroxybutyryl-, crotonyl-, valeryl-, and hexanyl-lysine), two of which have not been reported in any system previously. All of the acyl-PTMs identified correspond directly to RACS in fatty acid degradation pathways. A total of 369 sites of modification were identified on 237 proteins. Structural studies and in vitro acylation assays of a heavily modified enzyme, acetyl-CoA transferase, provided insight on the potential impact of these acyl-protein modifications. The extensive changes in acylation-type, abundance, and modification sites with carbon substrate suggest that protein acylation by RACS may be an important regulator of syntrophy.

Keywords: Syntrophomonas wolfei; lysine acylation; mass spectrometry; post-translational modifications; proteomics; syntrophy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.1018220

Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022 Nov 15. pii: S0006-291X(22)01590-X. [Epub ahead of print]637 254-258

Mutant IDH1 attenuates hepatic lipogenesis through PTEN dependent pathway.

Qingwen Zhao.

Mutations in IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenases) such as R132H/Q/C, are frequently found in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). Mutant IDH1 proteins obtain an abnormal activity converting α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), inhibiting the activity of multiple αKG-dependent dioxygenases, leading to metabolism disorder. Here, we depict a molecular network leading by mutant IDH1, that regulates hepatic lipid embolism using mouse model (KI) with IDH1 R132Q specifically knocked in liver. KI mice appear small and have notably reduced hepatic TG and FFA levels. Technically, mutant IDH1-mediated 2-HG can stabilize PTEN mRNA level probably depending on miR-32, activate Akt-SEBP1c signaling, leading to lipogenesis defect. Our study identifies a new role of oncometabolite 2-HG in inhibiting hepatic lipid metabolism.

Keywords: 2-HG; IDH1 mutation; Lipogenesis; PTEN

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.041