bims-meluca 2019-10-13 papers

Mol Cell Biochem. 2019 Oct 08.

Long non-coding RNA LINC00243 promotes proliferation and glycolysis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by positively regulating PDK4 through sponging miR-507.

Xuegang Feng, Shengsheng Yang.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main subtype of lung cancer. The overall survival of NSCLC patients is relatively low even after various treatments. Accumulating evidence demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) plays crucial roles in different biological process. However, the role of a novel LncRNA, LINC00243, in NSCLC remains unclear. We aimed to explore the biological role of LINC00243 in NSCLC. The mRNA and protein levels were determined by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell viability in vitro was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony-formation assay. Reporter assay was used to detect the interactions between molecules, and the interaction was assessed by RNA pull-down assay. LINC00243 expression increased in human NSCLC tissues and associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. LINC00243 knockdown inhibited proliferation and glycolysis of NSCLC cells. Mechanically, LINC00243 acted as a molecular sponge for miR-507, and miR-507 reversed the effect of LINC00243 on promoting proliferation and glycolysis of NSCLC cells. Moreover, LINC00243 modulated expression of endogenous miR-507-targeted PDK4. LINC00243 promotes proliferation and glycolysis in NSCLC cells by positively regulating PDK4 through sponging miR-507. LINC00243 could be the potential target for NSCLC treatment clinically.

Keywords: Glycolysis; LINC00243; NSCLC; PDK4; Proliferation; miR-507

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-019-03635-3

Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2019 Oct 04.

Cancer cachexia in thoracic malignancy: a narrative review.

Andrew C Kidd, Marcin Skrzypski, Mariam Jamal-Hanjani, Kevin G Blyth.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Thoracic malignancies are amongst the most lethal of all cancers. Cancer cachexia lacks unanimously accepted diagnostic criteria, and therefore is referenced to as a conceptual framework whereby cancer cachexia is 'an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (termed sarcopenia), with or without loss of fat mass that cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional support and leads to progressive functional impairment'. This review summarises the current evidence base in this field, including imaging techniques currently used to define sarcopenia, inflammatory and metabolic changes associated with the syndrome and ongoing research into potential treatment strategies.
RECENT FINDINGS: Sarcopenia is a key component of the cancer cachexia syndrome. It is common in patients with both early-stage and advanced NSCLC. Patients with sarcopenia have more treatment-related side effects and poorer overall survival compared with nonsarcopenic patients.
SUMMARY: Early identification of cancer cachexia may facilitate stratification of patients most-at-risk and initiation of emerging anticachexia treatments. If these are proven to be effective, this strategy has the potential to improve tolerance to anti-cancer therapies, improving the quality of life, and perhaps the survival, of patients with thoracic malignancies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SPC.0000000000000465

PLoS Genet. 2019 Oct 07. 15(10): e1008439

Loss of thymidine kinase 1 inhibits lung cancer growth and metastatic attributes by reducing GDF15 expression.

Parmanand Malvi, Radoslav Janostiak, Arvindhan Nagarajan, Guoping Cai, Narendra Wajapeyee.

Metabolic alterations that are critical for cancer cell growth and metastasis are one of the key hallmarks of cancer. Here, we show that thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is significantly overexpressed in tumor samples from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients relative to normal controls, and this TK1 overexpression is associated with significantly reduced overall survival and cancer recurrence. Genetic knockdown of TK1 with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) inhibits both the growth and metastatic attributes of LUAD cells in culture and in mice. We further show that transcriptional overexpression of TK1 in LUAD cells is driven, in part, by MAP kinase pathway in a transcription factor MAZ dependent manner. Using targeted and gene expression profiling-based approaches, we then show that loss of TK1 in LUAD cells results in reduced Rho GTPase activity and reduced expression of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Furthermore, ectopic expression of GDF15 can partially rescue TK1 knockdown-induced LUAD growth and metastasis inhibition, confirming its important role as a downstream mediator of TK1 function in LUAD. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that TK1 facilitates LUAD tumor and metastatic growth and represents a target for LUAD therapy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1008439

J Cancer. 2019 ;10(20): 4989-4997

Glucose Transporter 1 Promotes the Malignant Phenotype of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer through Integrin β1/Src/FAK Signaling.

Huanyu Zhao, Jian Sun, Jianshuang Shao, Zifang Zou, Xueshan Qiu, Enhua Wang, Guangping Wu.

Background: Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is the main factor of Warburg effect, which is associated with poor prognosis in many tumors. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of GLUT1 in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. Methods: We used quantitative real-time PCR to detect GLUT1 mRNA expression in bronchial brushing samples and performed Western Blot and biological behavior testing to check the effect of GLUT1 on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Results: We found that the C(t) normalized value of GLUT1 in malignant bronchial brushing samples was significantly higher than that in benign samples (P<0.05). GLUT1 significantly increased the expressions of cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), CDK4, CDK6 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), but decreased the expressions of p53 and p130 in NSCLC cells. The biological behavior testing indicated that GLUT1 enhanced NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration but inhibited cell apoptosis. In addition, GLUT1 upregulated the expression of integrin β1 and promoted the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK, phosphorylation at Tyr576/577) and Src (Src phosphorylation at Tyr530). siRNA knock down of integrin β1 expression suppressed GLUT1 induced NSCLC cell biological behavior, as well as the phosphorylation of FAK and Src. Conclusion: Taken together, our data confirms that GLUT1 promotes the malignant phenotype of NSCLC through integrin β1/Src/FAK signaling, which provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment and research of lung cancer.

Keywords: Glucose transporter 1; Src; focal adhesion kinase; integrin β1; non-small cell lung cancer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.30772

Diagn Pathol. 2019 Oct 10. 14(1): 108

Elevated expression of mcl-1 inhibits apoptosis and predicts poor prognosis in patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Qiuyuan Wen, Yuting Zhan, Hongmei Zheng, Hongjing Zang, Jiadi Luo, Yuting Zhang, Weiyuan Wang, Juan Feng, Junmi Lu, Lingjiao Chen, Songqing Fan.

BACKGROUND: Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic member of bcl-2 family, together with cleaved poly (ADC-ribose) polymerase (c-PARP) can serve as a marker of cell apoptosis. Previously we reported that treatment of Mnk inhibitor CGP57380 resulted in decreased Mcl-1 expression while increased c-PARP expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate association between Mcl-1 expression and clinicopathological features of NSCLC, and their correlation between Mcl-1 and both proliferation index (PI) and apoptotic index (AI) in NSCLC patients.
METHODS: Tissue microarrays (TMA) including 350 cases of surgically resected NSCLC were utilize and stained with Mcl-1, Ki-67 and c-PARP antibodies, PI and AI were then evaluated, respectively.
RESULTS: Higher Mcl-1 expression and PI were observed in NSCLC compared with non-cancerous lung tissues (non-CLT), while AI was significantly lower in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) compared with non-CLT. Additionally, Mcl-1 expression in lung ADC was evidently higher than that of in lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The elevated Mcl-1 expression was associated with PI, and inversely related to AI in NSCLC. NSCLC patients with elevated Mcl-1 expression and high PI, or with high Mcl-1 expression and low AI had remarkably shorter overall survival time than these patients with low Mcl-1 expression.
CONCLUSIONS: Elevated expression of Mcl-1 might be inversely proportional to disease progression of NSCLC patients by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis, and Mcl-1 might serve as novel biomarker of poor prognosis for NSCLC patients.

Keywords: Apoptosis; C-PARP; Ki-67; Mcl-1; Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-019-0884-3