bims-mecosi 2022-07-31 papers

Issue of 2022‒07‒31
two papers selected by
Verena Kohler

J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 27.

TRPV1 Protects Against Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Promoting Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes.

Yuxiang Wang, Xiuchuan Li, Xiaoli Xu, Xuemei Qu, Yongjian Yang.

ABSTRACT: Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel that mediates the relationship between mitochondrial function and pathological myocardial hypertrophy. However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether TRPV1 activation improves the morphology and function of intracellular mitochondria to protect cardiomyocytes after pressure overload-induced myocardial hypertrophy. The myocardial hypertrophy model was established by performing transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery in C57BL/6J male mice. The data revealed that TRPV1 activation significantly reduced myocardial hypertrophy, promoted ejection fraction (EF) % and fractional shortening (FS) %, and decreased the left ventricular internal diameter in end-diastole (LVIDd) and left ventricular internal diameter in end-systole (LVIDs) after TAC. Moreover, in vitro experiments revealed that TRPV1 reduces cardiomyocyte area and improves mitochondrial function by promoting mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) formation in a phenylephrine (PE)-treated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy model. TRPV1 up-regulates the phosphorylation levels of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and expression of mitofusin2 (MFN2). TRPV1 function is blocked by single-stranded RNA interfering with silent interfering MFN2. And activation of TRPV1 reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by PE, while disruption of MAMs by siMFN2 abolished TRPV1-mediated mitochondrial protection. Our findings suggest that TRPV1 effectively protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy by promoting MAM formation and conserved mitochondrial function via the AMPK/MFN2 pathway in cardiomyocytes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/FJC.0000000000001301

EMBO J. 2022 Jul 25. e109205

ECM dimensionality tunes actin tension to modulate endoplasmic reticulum function and spheroid phenotypes of mammary epithelial cells.

Patient-derived organoids and cellular spheroids recapitulate tissue physiology with remarkable fidelity. We investigated how engagement with a reconstituted basement membrane in three dimensions (3D) supports the polarized, stress resilient tissue phenotype of mammary epithelial spheroids. Cells interacting with reconstituted basement membrane in 3D had reduced levels of total and actin-associated filamin and decreased cortical actin tension that increased plasma membrane protrusions to promote negative plasma membrane curvature and plasma membrane protein associations linked to protein secretion. By contrast, cells engaging a reconstituted basement membrane in 2D had high cortical actin tension that forced filamin unfolding and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) associations. Enhanced filamin-ER interactions increased levels of PKR-like ER kinase effectors and ER-plasma membrane contact sites that compromised calcium homeostasis and diminished cell viability. Consequently, cells with decreased cortical actin tension had reduced ER stress and survived better. Consistently, cortical actin tension in cellular spheroids regulated polarized basement membrane membrane deposition and sensitivity to exogenous stress. The findings implicate cortical actin tension-mediated filamin unfolding in ER function and underscore the importance of tissue mechanics in organoid homeostasis.

Keywords: actin tension; endoplasmic reticulum; extracellular matrix; membrane contact sites; spheroids

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021109205