bims-mecosi 2022-06-26 papers

Issue of 2022–06–26
two papers selected by
Verena Kohler, Stockholm University

Front Physiol. 2022 ;13 910452

Compositions and Functions of Mitochondria-Associated Endoplasmic Reticulum Membranes and Their Contribution to Cardioprotection by Exercise Preconditioning.

Yuhu Lv, Lin Cheng, Fenglin Peng.

Mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) are important components of intracellular signaling and contribute to the regulation of intracellular Ca2+/lipid homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy/mitophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation. Multiple studies have shown that proteins located on MAMs mediate cardioprotection. Exercise preconditioning (EP) has been shown to protect the myocardium from adverse stimuli, but these mechanisms are still being explored. Recently, a growing body of evidence points to MAMs, suggesting that exercise or EP may be involved in cardioprotection by modulating proteins on MAMs and subsequently affecting MAMs. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on MAMs, analyzing the structure and function of MAMs and the role of MAM-related proteins in cardioprotection. We focused on the possible mechanisms by which exercise or EP can modulate the involvement of MAMs in cardioprotection. We found that EP may affect MAMs by regulating changes in MFN2, MFN1, AMPK, FUNDC1, BECN1, VDAC1, GRP75, IP3R, CYPD, GSK3β, AKT, NLRP3, GRP78, and LC3, thus playing a cardioprotective role. We also provided direction for future studies that may be of interest so that more in-depth studies can be conducted to elucidate the relationship between EP and cardioprotection.

Keywords: cardioprotection; exercise; exercise preconditioning; heart; mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes; preconditioning

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.910452

Cells. 2022 Jun 18. pii: 1963. [Epub ahead of print]11(12):

Dysregulated Ca2+ Homeostasis as a Central Theme in Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Alzheimer's Disease and Wolfram Syndrome.

Manon Callens, Jens Loncke, Geert Bultynck.

Calcium ions (Ca2+) operate as important messengers in the cell, indispensable for signaling the underlying numerous cellular processes in all of the cell types in the human body. In neurons, Ca2+ signaling is crucial for regulating synaptic transmission and for the processes of learning and memory formation. Hence, the dysregulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis results in a broad range of disorders, including cancer and neurodegeneration. A major source for intracellular Ca2+ is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which has close contacts with other organelles, including mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the emerging role of Ca2+ signaling at the ER-mitochondrial interface in two different neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease and Wolfram syndrome. Both of these diseases share some common hallmarks in the early stages, including alterations in the ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This indicates that similar mechanisms may underly these two disease pathologies and suggests that both research topics might benefit from complementary research.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Wolfram syndrome; calcium; mitochondria; mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs); neurodegeneration

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11121963