bims-malgli Biomed News
on Biology of malignant gliomas
Issue of 2021–04–25
eight papers selected by
Oltea Sampetrean, Keio University
  1. HYBID derived from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages contribute to the glioblastoma growth.
  2. Recent advances in nano delivery systems for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and targeting of brain tumors.
  3. Radiosensitization in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma: Targets, Resistance and Developments.
  4. Glioblastomas with primitive neuronal component harbor a distinct methylation and copy-number profile with inactivation of TP53, PTEN, and RB1.
  5. Rodent Models to Analyze the Glioma Microenvironment.
  6. In Vivo and Ex Vivo Pediatric Brain Tumor Models: An Overview.
  7. An evaluation of MGMT promoter methylation within the methylation subclasses of glioblastoma.
  8. Image-based personalization of computational models for predicting response of high-grade glioma to chemoradiation.
  1. Brain Res. 2021 Apr 19. pii: S0006-8993(21)00347-4. [Epub ahead of print] 147490
    HYBID derived from tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages contribute to the glioblastoma growth.
    Shohei Tsuji, Shinsuke Nakamura, Tetsuya Yamada, Susana de Vega, Yasunori Okada, Shintaro Inoue, Masamitsu Shimazawa, Hideaki Hara.
      Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor of the brain associated with poor prognosis and outcome, and hence there is an urgent need to develop novel treatments for glioblastoma. In this study, we focused on hyaluronan binding protein (HYBID, as known as CEMIP/KIAA1199), a protein involved in hyaluronan depolymerization in chondrocytes and synoviocytes. We previously reported that Hybid-deficient (KO) mice show accumulation of hyaluronan in the brain, and memory impairment. To elucidate the role of HYBID in glioblastoma pathogenesis, we knocked down HYBID in human glioblastoma cells using siRNAs and developed a murine orthotopic xenograft model in the Hybid KO mice. Downregulation of HYBID in glioblastoma cells resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, and increased cell death. The growth of glioblastoma cells implanted in the mouse brain was suppressed in Hybid KO mice compared to that in the wild-type mice. Interestingly, infiltration of macrophages in the glioblastoma tissue was decreased in Hybid KO mice. Using intraperitoneal macrophages derived from Hybid KO mice and glioma cell supernatants, we examined the role of HYBID in macrophages in the tumor environment. We showed that HYBID contributes to macrophage migration and the release of pro-tumor factors. Moreover, we revealed that HYBID can be a poor prognostic factor in glioma patients by bioinformatics approaches. Our study provides data to support that HYBID expressed by both glioblastoma cells and tumor-associated macrophages may contribute to glioblastoma progression and suggests that HYBID may be a potential target for therapy that focuses on the tumor microenvironment of glioblastoma.
    Keywords:  brain; cancer; glioblastoma; macrophage; tumor
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147490
  2. Drug Discov Today. 2021 Apr 15. pii: S1359-6446(21)00195-1. [Epub ahead of print]
    Recent advances in nano delivery systems for blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration and targeting of brain tumors.
    Shriya Reddy, Katyayani Tatiaparti, Samaresh Sau, Arun K Iyer.
      Gliomas constitute about 80% of brain tumors and have a meager two-year survival rate. The treatment options available are very few because of poor prognosis and a lack of targeted nanodelivery systems that can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-tumor barrier. This short review attempts to clarify the challenges for delivery systems designed to cross the BBB, and provides a brief description of the different types of targeted nanodelivery system that have shown potential for success in delivering drugs to the brain. Further, this review describes the most recent studies that have developed nanoparticles for brain delivery in the past five years. We also provide an insight into the most recent clinical trials designed to assess the efficacy of these nanodelivery systems for glioma.
    Keywords:  blood-brain barrier (BBB); blood-tumor barrier (BTB); clinical trials; glioblastoma multiforme (GBM); targeted nanoparticles
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2021.04.008
  3. Front Oncol. 2021 ;11 662209
    Radiosensitization in Pediatric High-Grade Glioma: Targets, Resistance and Developments.
    Dennis S Metselaar, Aimée du Chatinier, Iris Stuiver, Gertjan J L Kaspers, Esther Hulleman.
      Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG) are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children. These epigenetically dysregulated tumors often harbor mutations in genes encoding histone 3, which contributes to a stem cell-like, therapy-resistant phenotype. Furthermore, pHGG are characterized by a diffuse growth pattern, which, together with their delicate location, makes complete surgical resection often impossible. Radiation therapy (RT) is part of the standard therapy against pHGG and generally the only modality, apart from surgery, to provide symptom relief and a delay in tumor progression. However, as a single treatment modality, RT still offers no chance for a cure. As with most therapeutic approaches, irradiated cancer cells often acquire resistance mechanisms that permit survival or stimulate regrowth after treatment, thereby limiting the efficacy of RT. Various preclinical studies have investigated radiosensitizers in pHGG models, without leading to an improved clinical outcome for these patients. However, our recently improved molecular understanding of pHGG generates new opportunities to (re-)evaluate radiosensitizers in these malignancies. Furthermore, the use of radio-enhancing agents has several benefits in pHGG compared to other cancers, which will be discussed here. This review provides an overview and a critical evaluation of the radiosensitization strategies that have been studied to date in pHGG, thereby providing a framework for improving radiosensitivity of these rapidly fatal brain tumors.
    Keywords:  glioma; pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG); radio-enhancement; radioresistance; radiosensitizer; radiotherapy
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.662209
  4. Acta Neuropathol. 2021 Apr 19.
    Glioblastomas with primitive neuronal component harbor a distinct methylation and copy-number profile with inactivation of TP53, PTEN, and RB1.
    Abigail K Suwala, Damian Stichel, Daniel Schrimpf, Sybren L N Maas, Martin Sill, Hildegard Dohmen, Rouzbeh Banan, Annekathrin Reinhardt, Philipp Sievers, Felix Hinz, Mirjam Blattner-Johnson, Christian Hartmann, Leonille Schweizer, Henning B Boldt, Bjarne Winther Kristensen, Jens Schittenhelm, Matthew D Wood, Guillaume Chotard, Rolf Bjergvig, Anirban Das, Uri Tabori, Martin Hasselblatt, Andrey Korshunov, Zied Abdullaev, Martha Quezado, Kenneth Aldape, Patrick N Harter, Matija Snuderl, Jürgen Hench, Stephan Frank, Till Acker, Sebastian Brandner, Frank Winkler, Pieter Wesseling, Stefan M Pfister, David E Reuss, Wolfgang Wick, Andreas von Deimling, David T W Jones, Felix Sahm.
      Glioblastoma IDH-wildtype presents with a wide histological spectrum. Some features are so distinctive that they are considered as separate histological variants or patterns for the purpose of classification. However, these usually lack defined (epi-)genetic alterations or profiles correlating with this histology. Here, we describe a molecular subtype with overlap to the unique histological pattern of glioblastoma with primitive neuronal component. Our cohort consists of 63 IDH-wildtype glioblastomas that harbor a characteristic DNA methylation profile. Median age at diagnosis was 59.5 years. Copy-number variations and genetic sequencing revealed frequent alterations in TP53, RB1 and PTEN, with fewer gains of chromosome 7 and homozygous CDKN2A/B deletions than usually described for IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Gains of chromosome 1 were detected in more than half of the cases. A poorly differentiated phenotype with frequent absence of GFAP expression, high proliferation index and strong staining for p53 and TTF1 often caused misleading histological classification as carcinoma metastasis or primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Clinically, many patients presented with leptomeningeal dissemination and spinal metastasis. Outcome was poor with a median overall survival of only 12 months. Overall, we describe a new molecular subtype of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma with a distinct histological appearance and genetic signature.
    Keywords:  Classification; DNA methylation; GBM; PNET; Phenotype; Plasticity
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-021-02302-6
  5. ASN Neuro. 2021 Jan-Dec;13:13 17590914211005074
    Rodent Models to Analyze the Glioma Microenvironment.
    Susann Hetze, Ulrich Sure, Manfred Schedlowski, Martin Hadamitzky, Lennart Barthel.
      Animal models are still indispensable for understanding the basic principles of glioma development and invasion. Preclinical approaches aim to analyze the treatment efficacy of new drugs before translation into clinical trials is possible. Various animal disease models are available, but not every approach is useful for addressing specific questions. In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the nature of glioma. In addition to providing an overview, this review evaluates available rodent models in terms of usability for research on the glioma microenvironment.
    Keywords:  brain tumor; glioma; preclinical oncology; rodent model; synthetic biology; tumor microenvironment
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/17590914211005074
  6. Front Oncol. 2021 ;11 620831
    In Vivo and Ex Vivo Pediatric Brain Tumor Models: An Overview.
    Zhiqin Li, Sigrid A Langhans.
      After leukemia, tumors of the brain and spine are the second most common form of cancer in children. Despite advances in treatment, brain tumors remain a leading cause of death in pediatric cancer patients and survivors often suffer from life-long consequences of side effects of therapy. The 5-year survival rates, however, vary widely by tumor type, ranging from over 90% in more benign tumors to as low as 20% in the most aggressive forms such as glioblastoma. Even within historically defined tumor types such as medulloblastoma, molecular analysis identified biologically heterogeneous subgroups each with different genetic alterations, age of onset and prognosis. Besides molecularly driven patient stratification to tailor disease risk to therapy intensity, such a diversity demonstrates the need for more precise and disease-relevant pediatric brain cancer models for research and drug development. Here we give an overview of currently available in vitro and in vivo pediatric brain tumor models and discuss the opportunities that new technologies such as 3D cultures and organoids that can bridge limitations posed by the simplicity of monolayer cultures and the complexity of in vivo models, bring to accommodate better precision in drug development for pediatric brain tumors.
    Keywords:  cancer; glioma; in vitro models; in vivo models; medulloblastoma; pediatrics; preclinical models
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.620831
  7. Neurooncol Adv. 2020 Jan-Dec;2(1):2(1): vdaa117
    An evaluation of MGMT promoter methylation within the methylation subclasses of glioblastoma.
    Iyad Alnahhas, Stephanie LaHaye, Pierre Giglio, Elaine Mardis, Vinay Puduvalli.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdaa117
  8. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 19. 11(1): 8520
    Image-based personalization of computational models for predicting response of high-grade glioma to chemoradiation.
    David A Hormuth, Karine A Al Feghali, Andrew M Elliott, Thomas E Yankeelov, Caroline Chung.
      High-grade gliomas are an aggressive and invasive malignancy which are susceptible to treatment resistance due to heterogeneity in intratumoral properties such as cell proliferation and density and perfusion. Non-invasive imaging approaches can measure these properties, which can then be used to calibrate patient-specific mathematical models of tumor growth and response. We employed multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify tumor extent (via contrast-enhanced T1-weighted, and T2-FLAIR) and capture intratumoral heterogeneity in cell density (via diffusion-weighted imaging) to calibrate a family of mathematical models of chemoradiation response in nine patients with unresected or partially resected disease. The calibrated model parameters were used to forecast spatially-mapped individual tumor response at future imaging visits. We then employed the Akaike information criteria to select the most parsimonious member from the family, a novel two-species model describing the enhancing and non-enhancing components of the tumor. Using this model, we achieved low error in predictions of the enhancing volume (median: - 2.5%, interquartile range: 10.0%) and a strong correlation in total cell count (Kendall correlation coefficient 0.79) at 3-months post-treatment. These preliminary results demonstrate the plausibility of using multiparametric MRI data to inform spatially-informative, biologically-based predictive models of tumor response in the setting of clinical high-grade gliomas.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87887-4
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