bims-maitce Biomed News
on MAIT cells
Issue of 2024–03–03
three papers selected by
Andy E. Hogan, Maynooth University
  1. Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in infectious diseases of respiratory system: recent advancements and applications.
  2. Identification of the major immune differences in severe asthmatic children according to their atopic dermatitis status.
  3. Delivery of loaded MR1 monomer results in efficient ligand exchange to host MR1 and subsequent MR1T cell activation.
  1. J Inflamm (Lond). 2024 Feb 28. 21(1): 6
    Mucosal-associated invariant T cells in infectious diseases of respiratory system: recent advancements and applications.
    Xue Lin, Ye Wang, Yanqi He.
      Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an atypical subset of T lymphocytes, which have a highly conserved semi-constant αβ chain of T-cell receptor (TCR) and recognize microbe-derived vitamin B metabolites via major histocompatibility complex class I related-1 molecule (MR1). MAIT cells get activated mainly through unique TCR-dependent and TCR-independent pathways, and express multiple functional and phenotypic traits, including innate-like functionality, T helper (Th) 1 cell immunity, Th 17 cell immunity, and tissue homing. Given the functions, MAIT cells are extensively reported to play a key role in mucosal homeostasis and infectious diseases. In the current work, we review the basic characteristics of MAIT cells and their roles in mucosal homeostasis and development of respiratory infectious diseases as well as their potential therapeutic targets.
    Keywords:  5-OP-RU3 ; Immune barrier4 ; Infectious diseases5 ; MAIT1 ; MR12
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12950-024-00376-z
  2. Cell Immunol. 2024 Feb 27. pii: S0008-8749(24)00018-2. [Epub ahead of print]397-398 104815
    Identification of the major immune differences in severe asthmatic children according to their atopic dermatitis status.
    Guillaume Lezmi, Clément Poirault, Marta Grauso, Céline Dietrich, Karine Adel-Patient, Maria Leite-de-Moraes.
      Severe asthma (SA) affects 2% to 5% of asthmatic children. Atopic dermatitis can affect up to 34% of children with SA (cwSA). Atopic dermatitis and asthma share common genetic and immunological features. However, not all children with SA suffer from AD, and it remains unclear whether the overall immune profiles of these children are similar. In this study, seventeen cwSA (9.8 [7.1-13.2] years; seven with and ten without AD) were enrolled. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood samples were collected from these patients. Seventy-three cytokines/chemokines and distinct immune T cell populations were evaluated in blood and BAL. We found that BAL and blood immune profiles of cwSA with and without AD were globally similar. However, specific differences were observed, namely lower frequency of Tc2, Th17 and IL-17-producing mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT-17) cells and higher CD8/CD4 ratio and IL-22 concentrations in BAL and of CCL19 concentrations in plasma from cwSA with AD. Further, in contrast with cwSA without AD, we found a positive correlation between a set of plasma cytokines and almost all cytokines in BAL in cwSA with AD. In conclusion, this study shows the major immune differences between cwSA with and without AD in BAL and blood suggesting that distinct endotypes may be implicated in the inflammatory responses observed in these pediatric patients.
    Keywords:  Asthma; Atopic dermatitis; Bronchoalveolar lavage; Children; T cells
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104815
  3. Commun Biol. 2024 Feb 24. 7(1): 228
    Delivery of loaded MR1 monomer results in efficient ligand exchange to host MR1 and subsequent MR1T cell activation.
    Corinna A Kulicke, Gwendolyn M Swarbrick, Nicole A Ladd, Meghan Cansler, Megan Null, Aneta Worley, Chance Lemon, Tania Ahmed, Joshua Bennett, Taylor N Lust, Chelsea M Heisler, Megan E Huber, Jason R Krawic, Laurisa M Ankley, Savannah K McBride, Fikadu G Tafesse, Andrew J Olive, William H Hildebrand, Deborah A Lewinsohn, Erin J Adams, David M Lewinsohn, Melanie J Harriff.
      MR1-restricted T cells have been implicated in microbial infections, sterile inflammation, wound healing and cancer. Similar to other antigen presentation molecules, evidence supports multiple, complementary MR1 antigen presentation pathways. To investigate ligand exchange pathways for MR1, we used MR1 monomers and tetramers loaded with 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU) to deliver the antigen. Using MR1-deficient cells reconstituted with wild-type MR1 or MR1 molecules that cannot bind 5-OP-RU, we show that presentation of monomer-delivered 5-OP-RU is dependent on cellular MR1 and requires the transfer of ligand from the soluble molecule onto MR1 expressed by the antigen presenting cell. This mode of antigen delivery strengthens the evidence for post-ER ligand exchange pathways for MR1, which could represent an important avenue by which MR1 acquires antigens derived from endocytosed pathogens.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-05912-4
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