bims-lifras 2020-03-15 papers

bims-lifras

Biomed News

on Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Issue of 2020–03–15
seventeen papers selected by
Joanna Zawacka-Pankau

A common polymorphism in the retinoic acid pathway modifies adrenocortical carcinoma age-dependent incidence.
How and when to refer patients for oncogenetic counseling in the era of PARP inhibitors.
High Prevalence of Alterations in DNA Mismatch Repair Genes of Lynch Syndrome in Pediatric Patients with Adrenocortical Tumors Carrying a Germline Mutation on TP53.
How I curate: applying American Society of Hematology-Clinical Genome Resource Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel rules for RUNX1 variant curation for germline predisposition to myeloid malignancies.
Recommendations for Advancing the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Brazil.
Brain morphological analysis in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.
Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC): A case report.
Mosaicism in Patients With Colorectal Cancer or Polyposis Syndromes: a Systematic Review.
Mutation landscape of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.
Recurrent Germline BRCA2 Gene Mutation in Lithuanian Family.
Autism-associated PTEN missense mutation leads to enhanced nuclear localization and neurite outgrowth in an induced pluripotent stem cell line.
Rb and p53-deficient Myxofibrosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Require Skp2 for Survival.
Gliomas arising in the setting of Li-Fraumeni syndrome stratify into two molecular subgroups with divergent clinicopathologic features.
Diet, weight management, physical activity and Ovarian & Breast Cancer Risk in women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic Germline gene variants: systematic review.
Li-Fraumeni Exploration Consortium Data Coordinating Center: A web-based resource for collaborative epidemiologic research on a rare cancer syndrome.
Coexistent Dedifferentiated Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Uterus and Adenocarcinoma of the Bladder in Lynch Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature.
Variants of uncertain clinical significance in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes: best practices in functional analysis for clinical annotation.

Br J Cancer. 2020 Mar 09.

A common polymorphism in the retinoic acid pathway modifies adrenocortical carcinoma age-dependent incidence.

Mirvat Surakhy, Marsha Wallace, Elisabeth Bond, Lukasz Filip Grochola, Husein Perez, Matteo Di Giovannantonio, Ping Zhang, David Malkin, Hannah Carter, Ivy Zortea S Parise, Gerard Zambetti, Heloisa Komechen, Mariana M Paraizo, Meghana S Pagadala, Emilia M Pinto, Enzo Lalli, Bonald C Figueiredo, Gareth L Bond.

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have enriched the fields of genomics and drug development. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with a bimodal age distribution and inadequate treatment options. Paediatric ACC is frequently associated with TP53 mutations, with particularly high incidence in Southern Brazil due to the TP53 p.R337H (R337H) germline mutation. The heterogeneous risk among carriers suggests other genetic modifiers could exist.
METHODS: We analysed clinical, genotype and gene expression data derived from paediatric ACC, R337H carriers, and adult ACC patients. We restricted our analyses to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously identified in GWASs to associate with disease or human traits.
RESULTS: A SNP, rs971074, in the alcohol dehydrogenase 7 gene significantly and reproducibly associated with allelic differences in ACC age-of-onset in both cohorts. Patients homozygous for the minor allele were diagnosed up to 16 years earlier. This SNP resides in a gene involved in the retinoic acid (RA) pathway and patients with differing levels of RA pathway gene expression in their tumours associate with differential ACC progression.
CONCLUSIONS: These results identify a novel genetic component to ACC development that resides in the retinoic acid pathway, thereby informing strategies to develop management, preventive and therapeutic treatments for ACC.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-0764-3
Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2020 ;12 1758835919897530

How and when to refer patients for oncogenetic counseling in the era of PARP inhibitors.

Zoé Neviere, Thibault De La Motte Rouge, Anne Floquet, Alison Johnson, Pascaline Berthet, Florence Joly.

  Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are targeted therapy for cancers with homologous repair deficiency (HRD). They were first approved for ovarian cancer and have changed current treatment strategies. They have also demonstrated efficacy in HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer and advanced prostate cancer with BRCA1/2 or ATM mutations. Patients with somatic and/or germline BRCA1/2 mutations benefit more from these treatments than other patients. Nowadays, the diagnosis of HRD is largely based on germline genetic testing, which is performed after an in-person genetic counseling session, even for patients without any family history of cancer. However, with the increasing number of PARP inhibitor indications across different tumor types, rapid access to oncogenetic consultations will become a challenge. To meet this demand, tumor genomic testing could be offered at initial diagnosis. Telephone counseling and other referral systems could replace in-person consultations for certain subgroups of patients deemed to have a low risk of harboring a germline mutation. This article reviews international guidelines for genetic counseling testing. We herein propose new care pathways for breast, prostate and ovarian cancers, including tumor genomic testing at initial diagnosis in order to help triage genetic counseling referrals.

Keywords:  PARP inhibitors; breast cancer; genetic counseling; ovarian cancer; prostate cancer

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/1758835919897530
Cancers (Basel). 2020 Mar 07. pii: E621. [Epub ahead of print]12(3):

High Prevalence of Alterations in DNA Mismatch Repair Genes of Lynch Syndrome in Pediatric Patients with Adrenocortical Tumors Carrying a Germline Mutation on TP53.

Vania Balderrama Brondani, Luciana Montenegro, Amanda Meneses Ferreira Lacombe, Breno Marchiori Magalhães, Mirian Yumie Nishi, Mariana Ferreira de Assis Funari, Amanda de Moraes Narcizo, Lais Cavalca Cardoso, Sheila Aparecida Coelho Siqueira, Maria Claudia Nogueira Zerbini, Francisco Tibor Denes, Ana Claudia Latronico, Berenice Bilharinho Mendonca, Madson Queiroz Almeida, Antonio Marcondes Lerario, Ibere Cauduro Soares, Maria Candida Barisson Villares Fragoso.

  Adrenocortical cancer is a rare malignant neoplasm associated with a dismal prognosis. Identification of the molecular pathways involved in adrenal tumorigenesis is essential for a better understanding of the disease mechanism and improvement of its treatment. The aim of this study is to define the prevalence of alterations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes in Lynch syndrome among pediatric patients with adrenocortical neoplasia from southern Brazil, where the prevalence of a specific TP53 germline mutation (p.Arg337His) is quite high. Thirty-six pediatric patients were retrospectively evaluated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the MMR enzymes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2, as well as next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed. For IHC, 36 pediatric tumors were tested. In all of them, the expression of all evaluated MMR proteins was well-preserved. For NGS, 35 patients with pediatric tumor were tested. Three patients (8.57%) with the TP53 p.Arg337His germline mutation presented pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in the MMR genes (two in MLH1 and one in MSH6). The prevalence of altered MMR genes among pediatric patients was elevated (8.57%) and higher than in colorectal and endometrial cancer cohorts. Pediatric patients with adrenocortical tumors should, thus, be strongly considered as at genetic risk for Lynch syndrome.

Keywords:  DNA mismatch repair; TP53; adrenal tumor

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12030621
Haematologica. 2020 Mar 12. pii: haematol.2018.214221. [Epub ahead of print]

How I curate: applying American Society of Hematology-Clinical Genome Resource Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel rules for RUNX1 variant curation for germline predisposition to myeloid malignancies.

David Wu, Xi Luo, Simone Feurstein, Chimene Kesserwan, Shruthi Mohan, Daniel E Pineda-Alvarez, Lucy A Godley.

  The broad use of next-generation sequencing and microarray platforms in the research and clinical laboratories has led to an increasing appreciation for the role of germline mutations in genes involved in hematopoiesis and lineage differentiation in contributing to myeloid neoplasms. Despite implementation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and Association for Molecular Pathology 2015 guidelines for sequence variant interpretation, the number of variants deposited in ClinVar, a genomic repository of genotype and phenotype data, and classified as having uncertain significance or being discordantly classified among clinical laboratories remains elevated and contributes to indeterminate or inconsistent patient care. In 2018, the American Society of Hematology and the Clinical Genome Resource co-sponsored the Myeloid Malignancy Variant Curation Expert Panel to develop rules for classifying gene variants associated with germline predisposition to myeloid neoplasia. Herein, we demonstrate application of our rules developed for the RUNX1 gene to variants in 6 examples to show how we would classify them within the proposed framework.

Keywords:  RUNX1; germline familial disorders; molecular pathology; variant curation

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.214221
JCO Glob Oncol. 2020 Mar;6 439-452

Recommendations for Advancing the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer in Brazil.

Maria Isabel Achatz, Maira Caleffi, Rodrigo Guindalini, Renato Moretti Marques, Angelica Nogueira-Rodrigues, Patricia Ashton-Prolla.

PURPOSE: The objective of this review was to address the barriers limiting access to genetic cancer risk assessment and genetic testing for individuals with suspected hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) through a review of the diagnosis and management steps of HBOC.
METHODS: A selected panel of Brazilian experts in fields related to HBOC was provided with a series of relevant questions to address before the multiday conference. During this conference, each narrative was discussed and edited by the entire group, through numerous drafts and rounds of discussion, until a consensus was achieved.
RESULTS: The authors propose specific and realistic recommendations for improving access to early diagnosis, risk management, and cancer care of HBOC specific to Brazil. Moreover, in creating these recommendations, the authors strived to address all the barriers and impediments mentioned in this article.
CONCLUSION: There is a great need to expand hereditary cancer testing and counseling in Brazil, and changing current policies is essential to accomplishing this goal. Increased knowledge and awareness, together with regulatory actions to increase access to this technology, have the potential to improve patient care and prevention and treatment efforts for patients with cancer across the country.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JGO.19.00170
Am J Med Genet A. 2020 Mar 12.

Brain morphological analysis in PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome.

Tadashi Shiohama, Jacob Levman, Lana Vasung, Emi Takahashi.

  PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a spectrum of hereditary cancer syndromes caused by germline mutations in PTEN. PHTS is of high interest, because of its high rate of neurological comorbidities including macrocephaly, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual dysfunction. Since detailed brain morphology and connectivity of PHTS remain unclear, we quantitatively evaluated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in PHTS. Sixteen structural T1-weighted and 9 diffusion-weighted MR images from 12 PHTS patients and neurotypical controls were used for structural and high-angular resolution diffusion MRI (HARDI) tractography analyses. Mega-corpus callosum was observed in 75%, polymicrogyria in 33%, periventricular white matter lesions in 83%, and heterotopia in 17% of the PHTS participants. While gyrification index and hemispheric cortical thickness showed no significant differences between the two groups, significantly increased global and regional brain volumes, and regionally thicker cortices in PHTS participants were observed. HARDI tractography showed increased volume and length of callosal pathways, increased volume of the arcuate fasciculi (AF), and increased length of the bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculi (ILF), bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi (IFOF), and bilateral uncinate fasciculus. A decrease in fractional anisotropy and an increased in apparent diffusion coefficient values of the AF, left ILF, and left IFOF in PHTS.

Keywords:   PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome; HARDI; mega corpus callosum; megalencephaly; structural brain MRI

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.61532
Urol Case Rep. 2020 May;30 101141

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC): A case report.

Tomoko Yonamine, Tadashi Kaname, Yasutsugu Chinen, Kouichi Tamashiro, Noritake Kosuge, Seiichi Saito.

  Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer is a rare, inherited disease caused by mutations in the fumarate hydratase gene. It is characterized by cutaneous leiomyomas, uterine leiomyomas, and/or renal cell cancer. We present the case of a 42-year-old woman with a heterozygous missense mutation (p.M195T) in the fumarate hydratase gene. Although the patient did not have cutaneous leiomyoma and she had no family history of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer, the presence of early onset symptomatic uterine leiomyoma and type 2 papillary renal cell cancer confirmed the diagnosis of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer.

Keywords:  Fumarate hydratase; Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC); Papillary renal cell cancer; Uterine leiomyoma

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eucr.2020.101141
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Mar 05. pii: S1542-3565(20)30268-8. [Epub ahead of print]

Mosaicism in Patients With Colorectal Cancer or Polyposis Syndromes: a Systematic Review.

Anne Maria Lucia Jansen, Ajay Goel.

   BACKGROUND & AIMS: Somatic mosaicism arises from genetic alterations that occur after the first division of the zygote, so that not in all cells in the body contain the same genetic variants. These variants might contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) and polyposis syndromes. We performed a systematic review to provide a comprehensive overview of somatic mosaicism in patients with CRC and polyposis syndromes.
METHODS: We searched PubMed through March 2019 to identify reports of mosaicism in patients with CRC or polyposis syndromes. We divided the final set of studies into 3 subgroups describing APC mosaicism, mosaicism in other genes associated with susceptibility to CRC susceptibility, and epigenetic mosaicism.
RESULTS: Of the 232 articles identified in our systematic search, 46 met the criteria for further analysis. Of these, 35 studies described mosaic variants or epimutations in patients with CRC or polyposis syndromes. Nineteen studies described APC mosaicism, comprising a total of 57 patients. Six described mosaicism in genes associated with familial CRC syndromes, such as Lynch and Cowden syndromes. Ten studies described epigenetic mosaicism, sometimes resulting from a germline variant (such as deletion of EPCAM).
CONCLUSIONS: In a systematic review, we found that many patients with polyposis syndromes have genetic mosaicism, most frequently in APC variants; this information can be used in management of patients. Mosaicism in genes associated with susceptibility to CRC contributes to development of other familial CRC syndromes. Heritable epigenetic mosaicism is likely underestimated and could have a dominant pattern of inheritance. However, the inheritance of primary mosaic epimutations, without an genetic cause, is complex and not fully understood.

Keywords:  DNA; genomic; mutation; risk factor

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.02.049
BMC Cancer. 2020 Mar 12. 20(1): 204

Mutation landscape of germline and somatic BRCA1/2 in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Kyung Jin Eoh, Hye Min Kim, Jung-Yun Lee, Sunghoon Kim, Sang Wun Kim, Young Tae Kim, Eun Ji Nam.

   BACKGROUND: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors targeting BRCA1/2 mutations are available for treating patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. These treatments may be more appropriately directed to patients who might respond if the tumor tissue is additionally tested by next-generation sequencing with a multi-gene panel and Sanger sequencing of a blood sample. In this study, we compared the results obtained using the next-generation sequencing multi-gene panel to a known germline BRCA1/2 mutational state determined by conventional Sanger sequencing to evaluate the landscape of somatic mutations in high-grade serous ovarian cancer tumors.
METHODS: Cancer tissue from 98 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who underwent Sanger sequencing for germline BRCA1/2 analysis were consecutively analyzed for somatic mutations using a next-generation sequencing 170-gene panel.
RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (24.5%) showed overall BRCA1/2 mutations. Seven patients (7.1%) contained only somatic BRCA1/2 mutations with wild-type germline BRCA1/2, indicating acquired mutation of BRCA1/2. Three patients (3.1%) showed reversion of germline BRCA1 mutations. Among the 14 patients (14.3%) with both germline and somatic mutations in BRCA1/2, two patients showed different variations of BRCA1/2 mutations. The next-generation sequencing panel test for somatic mutation detected other pathogenic variations including RAD51D and ARID1A, which are possible targets of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. Compared to conventional Sanger sequencing alone, next-generation sequencing-based tissue analysis increased the number of candidates for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor treatment from 17.3% (17/98) to 26.5% (26/98).
CONCLUSIONS: Somatic mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing, in addition to germline BRCA1/2 mutation analysis, should become the standard of care for managing women with high-grade serous ovarian cancer to widen the indication of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors.

Keywords:  BRCA1/2 mutation; High-grade serous ovarian cancer; Next-generation sequencing; Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-020-6693-y
Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Mar 10. pii: E119. [Epub ahead of print]56(3):

Recurrent Germline BRCA2 Gene Mutation in Lithuanian Family.

Ieva Sadzevičienė, Sonata Jarmalaitė, Justinas Besusparis, Olga Liaugaudienė, Jolita Asadauskienė, Birutė Brasiūnienė, Ilona Kulikienė, Rasa Sabaliauskaitė.

  Approximately 10% of all breast cancer (BC) cases are familial and caused by inheritance of mutant BRCA1, BRCA2, or some other genes from the same DNA reparation pathway. Genetic counseling in families with cancer history is a powerful means for early cancer detection and active risk reduction through preventive interventions. This is the first report of the rare inherited BRCA2 frameshift-deletion mutation c.3847_3848delGT in one Lithuanian pedigree with the intense familial history of BC. Three BRCA2-positive blood relatives with BC of different biological types were identified in this pedigree with the same type mutation. All three cases were diagnosed with advanced stage ductal carcinoma. Markedly, polymorphic cells and numerous mitoses were identified in BC from the cases. Two patients from the family were diagnosed with the triple negative tumors, while one case had early onset of the hormone positive BC. Despite the variation in clinical and biological presentation of BC, all cases showed a good response to conventional treatment. In conclusion, the strong influence of BRCA2 mutation on the onset of BC of various biological types reveals the complexity of genetic counselling in families with BC history.

Keywords:  BRCA testing; BRCA2; breast cancer; c.3847_3848delGT

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56030119
FEBS J. 2020 Mar 09.

Autism-associated PTEN missense mutation leads to enhanced nuclear localization and neurite outgrowth in an induced pluripotent stem cell line.

Chi Wai Wong, Yubing Wang, Tian Liu, Lisha Li, Stanley Kwok Kuen Cheung, Penelope Mei-Yu Or, Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng, Kwong Wai Choy, J Peter H Burbach, Feng Bo, Raymond Chuen Chung Chang, Andrew M Chan.

  Germline mutation in the PTEN gene is the genetic basis of PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome with the affected individuals harboring features of autism spectrum disorders. Characterizing a panel of 14 autism-associated PTEN missense mutations revealed reduced protein stability, catalytic activity, and subcellular distribution. Nine out of 14 (64%) PTEN missense mutants had reduced protein expression with most mutations confined to the C2 domain. Selected mutants displayed enhanced polyubiquitination and shortened protein half-life, but that did not appear to involve the polyubiquitination sites at lysine residues at codon 13 or 289. Analyzing their intrinsic lipid phosphatase activities revealed that 78% (11 out of 14) of these mutants had 2- to 10-fold reduction in catalytic activity toward phosphatidylinositol phosphate substrates. Analyzing the subcellular localization of the PTEN missense mutants showed that 64% (9 out of 14) had altered nuclear-to-cytosol ratios with four mutants (G44D, H123Q, E157G, and D326N) showing greater nuclear localization. The E157G mutant was knocked-in to an induced pluripotent stem cell line and recapitulated a similar nuclear targeting preference. Furthermore, iPSCs expressing the E157G mutant were more proliferative at the neural progenitor cell stage but exhibited more extensive dendritic outgrowth. In summary, the combination of biological changes in PTEN is expected to contribute to the behavioral and cellular features of this neurodevelopmental disorder.

Keywords:  Autism Spectrum Disorders; Macrocephaly; Neurodevelopmental disorders; PTEN; PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome; iPSC

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.15287
Cancer Res. 2020 Mar 11. pii: canres.1269.2019. [Epub ahead of print]

Rb and p53-deficient Myxofibrosarcoma and Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma Require Skp2 for Survival.

George Z Li, Tomoyo Okada, Young-Mi Kim, Narasimhan P Agaram, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Yawei Shen, Norifumi Tsubokawa, Jordan Rios, Axel S Martin, Mark A Dickson, Li-Xuan Qin, Nicholas D Socci, Samuel Singer.

Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) are highly genetically complex soft tissue sarcomas. Up to 50% of patients develop distant metastases, but current systemic therapies have limited efficacy. MFS and UPS have recently been shown to commonly harbor copy number alterations or mutations in the tumor suppressor genes RB1 and TP53. As these alterations have been shown to engender dependence on the oncogenic protein Skp2 for survival of transformed cells in mouse models, we sought to examine its function and potential as a therapeutic target in MFS/UPS. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed that a significant fraction of MFS and UPS patient samples (n=94) harbor chromosomal deletions and/or loss-of-function mutations in RB1 and TP53 (88% carry alterations in at least one gene; 60% carry alterations in both). Tissue microarray (TMA) analysis identified a correlation between absent Rb and p53 expression and positive expression of Skp2. Downregulation of Skp2 or treatment with the Skp2-specific inhibitor C1 revealed that Skp2 drives proliferation of patient-derived MFS/UPS cell lines deficient in both Rb and p53 by degrading p21 and p27. Inhibition of Skp2 using the neddylation-activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor pevonedistat decreased growth of Rb/p53-negative patient-derived cell lines and mouse xenografts. These results demonstrate that loss of both Rb and p53 renders MFS and UPS dependent on Skp2, which can be therapeutically exploited and could provide the basis for promising novel systemic therapies for MFS and UPS.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-1269
Acta Neuropathol. 2020 Mar 10.

Gliomas arising in the setting of Li-Fraumeni syndrome stratify into two molecular subgroups with divergent clinicopathologic features.

Emily A Sloan, Stephanie Hilz, Rohit Gupta, Cathryn Cadwell, Biswarathan Ramani, Jeffrey Hofmann, Cassie N Kline, Anu Banerjee, Alyssa Reddy, Nancy Ann Oberheim Bush, Susan Chang, Steve Braunstein, Edward F Chang, Corey Raffel, Nalin Gupta, Peter P Sun, John Y H Kim, Gregory Moes, Elizabeth Alva, Rong Li, Carol S Bruggers, Mouied Alashari, Cynthia Wetmore, Shipra Garg, Megan Dishop, Jessica Van Ziffle, Courtney Onodera, Patrick Devine, James P Grenert, Julieann C Lee, Joanna J Phillips, Melike Pekmezci, Tarik Tihan, Andrew W Bollen, Mitchel S Berger, Joseph F Costello, Arie Perry, David A Solomon.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-020-02144-8
Hered Cancer Clin Pract. 2020 ;18 5

Diet, weight management, physical activity and Ovarian & Breast Cancer Risk in women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic Germline gene variants: systematic review.

Adriana M Coletta, Susan K Peterson, Leticia A Gatus, Kate J Krause, Susan M Schembre, Susan C Gilchrist, Banu Arun, Y Nancy You, Miguel A Rodriguez-Bigas, Larkin L Strong, Karen H Lu, Karen Basen-Engquist.

   Introduction: Women with pathogenic germline gene variants in BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 are at increased risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. While surgical and pharmacological approaches are effective for risk-reduction, it is unknown whether lifestyle approaches such as healthful dietary habits, weight management, and physical activity may also contribute to risk-reduction. We conducted a systematic review of evidence related to dietary habits, weight status/change, and physical activity on ovarian and breast cancer risk among women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants.
Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PubMed, and clinicaltrials.gov up to October 3, 2019. We identified 2775 records and included 21.
Results: There is limited evidence related to these factors and ovarian cancer risk. For breast cancer risk, evidence suggests higher diet quality, adulthood weight-loss of ≥10 pounds, and activity during adolescence and young-adulthood may be linked with decreased risk. Higher meat intake and higher daily energy intake may be linked with increased risk.
Conclusions: There is not enough evidence to suggest tailored recommendations for dietary habits or weight management among women with BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants compared to the general population for ovarian and breast cancer risk-reduction, and physical activity recommendations should remain the same.

Keywords:  BRCA; Breast Cancer; Diet; Ovarian Cancer; Physical activity; Weight

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13053-020-0137-1
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020 Mar 10. pii: cebp.1113.2019. [Epub ahead of print]

Li-Fraumeni Exploration Consortium Data Coordinating Center: A web-based resource for collaborative epidemiologic research on a rare cancer syndrome.

Phuong L Mai, Sharon R Sand, Neiladri Saha, Mauricio Oberti, Tom Dolafi, Lisa DiGianni, Elizabeth J Root, Xianhua Kong, Renee C Bremer, Karina M Santiago, Jasmina Bojadzieva, Derek Barley, Ana Novokmet, Karen A Ketchum, Ngoc Nguyen, Shine Jacob, Kim E Nichols, Christian P Kratz, Joshua D Schiffman, Gareth Evans, Maria Isabel Achatz, Louise C Strong, Judy E Garber, Sweta A Ladwa, David Malkin, Jeffrey N Weitzel.

BACKGROUND: The success of multi-site collaborative research relies on effective data collection, harmonization and aggregation strategies. Data Coordination Centers (DCCs) serve to facilitate the implementation of these strategies. The utility of a DCC can be particularly relevant for research on rare diseases where collaboration from multiple sites to amass large aggregate data sets is essential. However, approaches to building a DCC have been scarcely documented.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: The Li-Fraumeni Exploration (LiFE) Consortium's DCC was created using multiple open source packages, including LAM/G Application (Linux, Apache, MySQL, Grails), Extraction-Transformation-Loading (ETL) Pentaho Data Integration Tool, and the Saiku-Mondrian client. This document serves as a resource for building a rare disease DCC for multi-institutional collaborative research.
RESULTS: The primary scientific and technological objective to create an online central repository into which data from all participating sites could be deposited, harmonized, aggregated, disseminated, and analyzed was completed. The cohort now include 2,193 participants from 6 contributing sites, including 1,354 individuals from families with a pathogenic or likely variant in TP53. Data on cancer diagnoses are also available. Challenges and lessons learned are summarized.
CONCLUSION: The methods leveraged mitigate challenges associated with successfully developing a DCC's technical infrastructure, data harmonization efforts, communications, and software development and applications.
IMPACT: These methods can serve as a framework in establishing other collaborative research efforts. Data from the consortium will serve as a great resource for collaborative research to improve knowledge on, and the ability to care for, individuals and families with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-19-1113
Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2020 Mar;28(3): e26-e30

Coexistent Dedifferentiated Endometrioid Carcinoma of the Uterus and Adenocarcinoma of the Bladder in Lynch Syndrome: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

John V Groth, Sanjiv Prabhu, Ramayee Periakaruppan, Samuel Ohlander, Rajyasree Emmadi, Rajul Kothari.

Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by an abnormality in DNA mismatch repair genes and characterized by the development of a variety of cancers. Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma is well characterized in Lynch syndrome; however, support for the inclusion of bladder urothelial carcinoma is limited, except for MSH2 mutation carriers. Urologic adenocarcinoma has not been documented in Lynch syndrome. Here we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of bladder adenocarcinoma, synchronous with uterine endometrioid dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma in a patient with Lynch syndrome. We present a 47-year-old woman with an MLH1 gene mutation (G133X 397G>T) who presented with menorrhagia. Eleven family members have this mutation, 6 with carcinoma: 5 colorectal and 1 with a gynecologic primary of unknown type. Colonoscopy and endoscopy were unremarkable. Positron emission and computed tomography revealed a 3 cm anterior dome bladder mass without additional extrauterine disease or uterine connection. She underwent partial cystectomy, laparoscopic hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and lymphadenectomy. The uterus demonstrated a dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemically positive for vimentin, ER, CK7, MSH2, MSH6, and p53 (focally) and negative for CEA, CDX2, CK20, β-catenin, MLH1, and PMS2. The bladder demonstrated a well-differentiated, enteric-type adenocarcinoma without muscularis propria invasion, positive for CEA, CDX2, CK20, p53, MSH2, and MSH6 and negative for vimentin, ER, CK7, MLH1, and PMS2. Eleven nodes were negative for carcinoma. The morphologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical findings support synchronous bladder adenocarcinoma, enteric type, and uterine dedifferentiated endometrioid adenocarcinoma, in a patient with Lynch syndrome.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/PAI.0000000000000553
J Med Genet. 2020 Mar 09. pii: jmedgenet-2019-106368. [Epub ahead of print]

Variants of uncertain clinical significance in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer genes: best practices in functional analysis for clinical annotation.

Alvaro N Monteiro, Peter Bouwman, Arne N Kousholt, Diana M Eccles, Gael A Millot, Jean-Yves Masson, Marjanka K Schmidt, Shyam K Sharan, Ralph Scully, Lisa Wiesmüller, Fergus Couch, Maaike P G Vreeswijk.



Keywords:  cancer: breast; clinical genetics; genetic screening/counselling; getting research into practice; molecular genetics

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106368