bims-librar 2024-10-27 papers

bims-librar

Biomed News

on Biomedical librarianship

Issue of 2024–10–27
33 papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society

Biodeterioration Risk Assessment in Libraries by Airborne Fungal Spores.
Consulting with an embedded librarian: student perceptions on the value of required research meetings.
An integrative systematic review on interventions to improve layperson's ability to identify trustworthy digital health information.
"It's not just teaching for the sake of teaching anymore": a quality improvement project for online instruction in a hospital library.
Prevalence and impact of remote and hybrid work in academic health sciences libraries.
Shifting temporal patterns in physical usage of a health sciences library following the extension of operational hours.
A community engagement program to improve awareness for credible online health information.
Understanding the performance of geographic limits on Web of Science Core Collection databases, using the United Kingdom as an example.
Preprint pointers from a long COVID scoping review: considerations for source selection and searching.
Designing a framework for curriculum building in systematic review competencies for librarians: a case report.
Literature Searches Report in Systematic Reviews.
Evolving use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool in biomedical systematic reviews.
Centering Racial Health Equity in Systematic Reviews Paper 6: Engaging racially and ethnically diverse stakeholders in evidence syntheses.
Accelerating Evidence Synthesis in Observational Studies: Development of a Living Natural Language Processing-Assisted Intelligent Systematic Literature Review System.
Standing up for representation in undergraduate medical education curricula through medical student, librarian, and faculty collaboration: a case report.
History in context: teaching the history of dentistry with rare materials.
MLA Research Training Institute (RTI) 2018 and 2019: participant research confidence and program effectiveness.
Quantum Approach for Contextual Search, Retrieval, and Ranking of Classical Information.
Evaluation of the Appropriateness and Readability of ChatGPT-4 Responses to Patient Queries on Uveitis.
Readability and Quality Evaluation of Thyroidectomy Websites: A Systematic Review.
Evaluating the reliability of the responses of large language models to keratoconus-related questions.
Assessing the Quality of Patient Education Materials on Cardiac Catheterization From Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.
Accuracy of natural language processors for patients seeking inguinal hernia information.
Assessing the Readability of Online English and Spanish Resources for Polydactyly and Syndactyly.
Assessing the readability and quality of online written information on epistaxis.
Accuracy, Quality, and Misinformation of YouTube Abortion Procedural Videos: Cross-Sectional Study.
Assessment of the Quality of Stapedotomy Videos on YouTube Using the IVORY Grading System.
Assessment of YouTube Videos Related to Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer for Patient Education.
Reliability of YouTube videos on the management of orthodontic emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Content quality and reliability of the YouTube videos about chronic prostatitis.
Reliability and Educational Suitability of TikTok Videos as a Source of Information on Sleep and Awake Bruxism: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.
Where do UK clinicians find information at the point of care? A pragmatic, exploratory study.
From Online to Offline: How Different Sources of Online Health Information Seeking Affect Patient-Centered Communication in Chinese Older Adults? The Roles of Patient Activation and Patient-Provider Discussion of Online Health Information.

J Fungi (Basel). 2024 Sep 29. pii: 680. [Epub ahead of print]10(10):

Biodeterioration Risk Assessment in Libraries by Airborne Fungal Spores.

Yiniva Camargo-Caicedo, Hilary Borja Pérez, Maryann Muñoz Fuentes, Eliana Vergara-Vásquez, Andrés M Vélez-Pereira.

  Fungal growth on cellulose-based materials in libraries can have detrimental effects on books and documents. This biodeterioration affects their physical, chemical, and esthetical characteristics. Thus, this work aimed to assess fungal aerosols' concentrations and biodeterioration risk in two public libraries with artificial ventilation: the Banco de la República and CAJAMAG libraries. Air sampling was performed using a two-stage viable Andersen cascade impactor with Sabouraud dextrose agar at 4% on Petri dishes. Also, the temperature and relative humidity were measured with a digital thermo-hygrometer HOBO U12 Data Logger. The concentrations were low, with values of around 35 CFU/m3. Aspergillus, Cladosporium, and Penicillium were the predominant genera in the two libraries, with A. niger being the most abundant species. The thermo-hygrometric conditions inside the libraries were stable, with a mean temperature of 25.2 °C and a mean relative humidity of 52.1%. The calculated potential risk associated with fungal aerosols was seen to be medium in both libraries, where Aspergillus genera reported the highest cellulosic activity and hence had a higher risk of biodeterioration.

Keywords:  Aspergillus; book collection; book deterioration; quality of indoor environments; risk assessment

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/jof10100680
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 324-331

Consulting with an embedded librarian: student perceptions on the value of required research meetings.

Susan R Franzen, Caitlin Stewart, Mallory Jallas, Joshua Newport.

   Objective: This qualitative research project was undertaken to discover how students perceive the embedded librarian in their nursing class. The researchers determined how a required group research meeting was valued by students and whether that value warranted the necessary time and energy by an embedded librarian.
Methods: Researchers conducted focus groups with twenty-three students from two different sections of the same nursing research methods undergraduate course. Students' responses to a series of five questions were recorded within Zoom and supplemented by handwritten notes. Data was coded by hand and patterns that emerged from the five focus groups were analyzed.
Results: Participants reported overall satisfaction with the embedded librarian and students felt they benefitted from the required research meeting with the librarian, which was part of the searching assignment rubric and closely tied to the assignment itself.
Conclusion: Based on the data, a required research meeting with an embedded librarian, who is familiar with the course assignments, reinforces classroom instruction, point-of-need assistance with search strategies, and the opportunity to strengthen the relationship with the librarian for future research needs.

Keywords:  Consultations; Embedded librarian; Nursing Students; Qualitative Research; University Library

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1793
PLOS Digit Health. 2024 Oct;3(10): e0000638

An integrative systematic review on interventions to improve layperson's ability to identify trustworthy digital health information.

Hind Mohamed, Esme Kittle, Nehal Nour, Ruba Hamed, Kaylem Feeney, Jon Salsberg, Dervla Kelly.

Health information on the Internet has a ubiquitous influence on health consumers' behaviour. Searching and evaluating online health information poses a real challenge for many health consumers. To our knowledge, our systematic review paper is the first to explore the interventions targeting lay people to improve their e-health literacy skills. Our paper aims to explore interventions to improve laypeople ability to identify trustworthy online health information. The search was conducted on Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane database, Academic Search Complete, and APA psych info. Publications were selected by screening title, abstract, and full text, then manual review of reference lists of selected publications. Data was extracted from eligible studies on an excel sheet about the types of interventions, the outcomes of the interventions and whether they are effective, and the barriers and facilitators for using the interventions by consumers. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to appraise evidence from quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies. Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review approach was used as a guidance for narrative synthesis. The total number of included studies is twelve. Media literacy interventions are the most common type of interventions. Few studies measured the effect of the interventions on patient health outcomes. All the procedural and navigation/ evaluation skills-building interventions are significantly effective. Computer/internet illiteracy and the absence of guidance/facilitators are significant barriers to web-based intervention use. Few interventions are distinguished by its implementation in a context tailored to consumers, using a human-centred design approach, and delivery through multiple health stakeholders' partnership. There is potential for further research to understand how to improve consumers health information use focusing on collaborative learning, using human-centred approaches, and addressing the social determinants of health.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000638
J Can Health Libr Assoc. 2024 Aug;45(2): 65-75

"It's not just teaching for the sake of teaching anymore": a quality improvement project for online instruction in a hospital library.

Melanie Anderson, Caleb Nault, Raluca Serban.

Medical libraries had to swiftly change how instruction services were provided in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes a Quality Improvement (QI) project to assess one hospital library's move to virtual instructional services. Information was gathered via a survey to Canadian hospital library workers and a focus group with internal staff with instructional responsibilities. Moving to online instruction increased audience attendance and garnered positive feedback, however library instructors report experiencing uncertainty about quality and effectiveness of online instruction. The article concludes with a description of planned actions to improve online instructional services in an urban research and teaching hospital library environment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29771
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 298-306

Prevalence and impact of remote and hybrid work in academic health sciences libraries.

David Petersen, Matthew Covey, Janet Crum.

   Objective: This study assesses the prevalence, usage, and impact of remote/hybrid work in academic health science libraries in 2022 and 2023. Due to differences in survey distribution, we focus primarily on the results of the second survey.
Methods: Researchers surveyed administrators at Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries (AAHSL) member libraries in the United States in March 2022 and library staff at academic health sciences libraries in March 2023.
Results: The first survey received 71 responses that met inclusion criteria. Ninety-five percent of respondents indicated that remote/hybrid work was allowed in their libraries. Majorities indicated that remote/hybrid work had a positive impact on morale (86%), recruitment (53%) and retention (67%). The second survey received 383 responses that met inclusion criteria. 78% of respondents indicated they were allowed to work remotely, and majorities indicated remote/hybrid work positively impacted work/life balance (75%), morale/job satisfaction (69%), likelihood of staying at their current institution (64%), and productivity/overall effectiveness (58%). Respondents were less likely to accept a fully onsite (45% unlikely) or fully remote (20% unlikely) position than a hybrid one (1% unlikely). In a list of 9 factors associated with recruitment, retention, and job satisfaction, only salary and benefits ranked higher than remote/hybrid work.
Conclusions: Remote/hybrid work is common in academic health science libraries and highly valued by employees. While not without challenges, remote/hybrid work appears to be a valuable tool to support recruitment, retention, and job satisfaction of workers in academic health sciences libraries. The findings of this study can inform library decision makers about future use of remote/hybrid work.

Keywords:  Remote work; hybrid work; job satisfaction; recruitment; retention

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1905
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 364-371

Shifting temporal patterns in physical usage of a health sciences library following the extension of operational hours.

G J Corey Harmon, Kerry Sewell.

   Background: Students regularly state a strong preference for increased library operational hours to accommodate learning needs. While many academic libraries provide extended hours, academic health sciences libraries appear to adopt such models less frequently. This is not due to lower levels of student demand for extended hours.
Case Presentation: In response to student preferences for increased hours, our institution shifted its budget to provide an additional 10 weekend hours (Friday-Sunday). This study is a post-hoc assessment of temporal changes in physical library use over weekend days pre- and post-implementation of extended hours. This study used (non-exam) weekend physical library usage data one year before and after implementing extended hours (January 2018-January 2020). We ran descriptive statistics to assess the hourly use pattern changes in physical library usage.
Conclusion: For the regular academic year, students arrived earlier and stayed later, with less severe hourly peaks in opening and closing times physical use patterns seen in the pre-implementation period. Overall, we saw increases in all three areas of physical usage data studied. The data provides evidence of the true need for extended hours among users, along with hourly patterns reflecting a better match of hours with patron study patterns.

Keywords:  Extended Hours; Health Sciences Library Hours; Physical Library Usage; Weekend Library Hours

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1812
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 341-349

A community engagement program to improve awareness for credible online health information.

Shamly Austin, Emily Hughes, Haiyan Qu.

   Background: The volume of online health information available makes it difficult to navigate and check its validity and reliability. A community-based MedlinePlus training program was developed to improve participants' ability to access credible online health information.
Case Presentation: The program was a public-private partnership between a managed care organization and four local public libraries. A total of eight programs were held between October and November 2017. Each program had a 30-minute cooking demonstration followed by a 30-minute training on access to and navigation of the MedlinePlus website. Program participants were Medicaid beneficiaries, dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries, and community members from a Pennsylvania county (n=39). A pre-and post-training questionnaire was administered to assess participants' knowledge and practice, and their ability to access health information on the MedlinePlus website. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data collected during the MedlinePlus trainings. Results from the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test indicated no statistically significant change in participants' ability to access information (Z= -1.41, p=0.16) after attending the program.
Conclusion: Although the median pre- to post-program responses improved from 'incorrect' to 'correct,' the number of programs held, and low attendance might be the reason for non-significant results. Participants reported that the program was informative, the website was comprehensive and user-friendly, and they were impressed by the healthy and inexpensive meal preparation from discount store-bought food. Holding MedlinePlus training programs in conjunction with a cooking program and collaborating with local public libraries might be a promising format that needs additional research.

Keywords:  Health literacy; Medicaid; MedlinePlus; dually eligible for Medicare and Medicaid; managed care organization; nutrition program; program development; public libraries; public-private sector partnership

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1899
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 332-340

Understanding the performance of geographic limits on Web of Science Core Collection databases, using the United Kingdom as an example.

Helen A Fulbright, Claire Stansfield.

   Objective: To consider the approaches within Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) databases for limiting geographically. To compare the limits to an adaptation of NICE's UK MEDLINE filter for use on WoSCC databases.
Methods: We tested and appraised the inbuilt functions and search field options that support identification by countries/regions and affiliations. We compared these with an adapted filter to identify healthcare research on or about the UK. We calculated the recall of the inbuilt limits and filter using 177 studies and investigated why records were missed. We also calculated the percentage reduction of the overall number-needed-to-screen (ONNS).
Results: Inbuilt limits within WoSCC enable identification of research from specific countries/regions or affiliations if there is data in the address field. Refining by affiliations allows retrieval of research where affiliations are in the 200 or 500 most frequent for a set of results. An adaptation of the UK MEDLINE filter achieved an average of 97% recall. ONNS was significantly reduced using the filter. However, studies where the countries or regions are only mentioned within the full text or other non-searchable fields will be missed.
Conclusion: Information specialists should consider how inbuilt geographic limits operate on WoSCC and whether these are suitable for their research. The adapted filter can sensitively limit to the UK and could be useful for systematic reviews due to its high recall and ability to significantly reduce ONNS. Geographic filters can be feasible to adapt for use on WoSCC databases (where similar search fields are used between platforms).

Keywords:  Geographic search filters; core collection; information retrieval; literature searching; web of science

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1669
J Can Health Libr Assoc. 2024 Aug;45(2): 88-97

Preprint pointers from a long COVID scoping review: considerations for source selection and searching.

Sarah C McGill.

This paper describes the search approach for preprints for a post COVID-19 condition (i.e., long COVID) scoping review, including source selection, search strategy development, challenges, and insights throughout a project life cycle. With the growth of medical preprints since the COVID-19 pandemic, information professionals and researchers should be aware that preprints are possible sources of evidence and be prepared to manage them in evidence reviews for COVID-19 topics and beyond. Preprints are not peer-reviewed but can include important evidence about emerging topics. Because of the importance of preprints to the scoping review, a preprint search of Europe PubMed Central (PMC) was added. Europe PMC and similar aggregators combine multiple preprint servers and often have Boolean search, but sometimes limited search functionalities or few export options. Strategy translation encountered challenges such as varying and inconsistent terminology for post-COVID-19 condition, a complex search, and negotiating large numbers of preprints with resource constraints. Europe PMC identified additional preprints for inclusion due to additional preprint server coverage. It was helpful to limit the preprint search to the title and abstract fields, and to run an extra Internet search for publication of included study preprints. Challenges and potential solutions are summarized to support those conducting preprint searches for COVID-19 and other topics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.29173/jchla29741
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 357-363

Designing a framework for curriculum building in systematic review competencies for librarians: a case report.

David P Farris, Rachael A Lebo, Carrie Price.

   Background: Librarians play an important role on systematic review teams because of their expertise in information organization, database searching, and records management. Many systematic review training opportunities exist, but not all are tailored to the needs of librarians. The Medical Library Association, along with a workgroup of experts on systematic reviews and review services, developed a Systematic Review Services Specialization (SRSS) that was launched in 2022. One of the required courses in the specialization was developed by the authors, who set out to build a value-added curriculum that would provide essential searching skills for librarians working in evidence synthesis domains.
Case Presentation: The authors present a case report on creating a framework for developing a new course in the Medical Library Association's Systematic Review Services Specialization. The objectives of the course were intended to align with six systematic review competencies for librarians developed and published by a group of health science librarians from the University of Michigan in 2017, which include 1) conducting a reference interview, 2) performing preliminary searches, 3) selecting appropriate resources to search, 4) building an extensive, comprehensive, and documented search strategy, 5) peer reviewing search strategies, and 6) reporting search methods. With these objectives in mind, the instructors created four separate modules and an activity.
Conclusion: Systematic review skills for librarians are essential to many health science library jobs since librarians are considered important collaborators within systematic review teams. Through eleven cohorts of the course held over 2022-2024, the authors constructed and delivered a comprehensive curriculum.

Keywords:  Teaching; curriculum; expert searching; systematic reviews

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1930
Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2024 Oct 24.

Literature Searches Report in Systematic Reviews.

Joaquín González Aroca.

In response to the study by Tian et al. on the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with autoimmune hepatitis, this letter commends the authors' contribution but highlights a critical omission: the lack of details regarding their search strategy. Reproducibility, as defined by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, is essential in systematic reviews (SRs) to ensure consistent results and transparency. Incomplete reporting, particularly in search strategies, compromises the reproducibility and integrity of SRs. To address this issue, it is recommended that future authors include detailed search strategies and consult the PRISMA-S Extension checklist for guidance on proper reporting.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17235/reed.2024.10848/2024
Res Synth Methods. 2024 Oct 23.

Evolving use of the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool in biomedical systematic reviews.

Livia Puljak, Andrija Babić, Ognjen Barčot, Tina Poklepović Peričić.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1756
J Clin Epidemiol. 2024 Oct 21. pii: S0895-4356(24)00331-7. [Epub ahead of print] 111575

Centering Racial Health Equity in Systematic Reviews Paper 6: Engaging racially and ethnically diverse stakeholders in evidence syntheses.

Nila A Sathe, Colleen Ovelman, Naykky Singh Ospina, Omar Dewidar, Elizabeth A Terhune, Damian Francis, Vivian Welch, Patricia C Heyn, Tiffany Duque, Meera Viswanathan.

   OBJECTIVE: To inform methods for centering racial health equity in syntheses, we explored 1) how syntheses that assess health-related interventions and explicitly address racial health inequities have engaged interest holders and 2) guidance for engaging racially and ethnically diverse interest holders.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We systematically identified evidence syntheses (searches limited to January 1, 2020, through January 25, 2023) and guidance documents (no search date limits) for this overview. From syntheses we extracted data on engagement rationale and processes and extracted approaches suggested from guidance documents. We summarized findings qualitatively.
RESULTS: Twenty-nine of the 157 (18%) eligible syntheses reported using engagement. Syntheses typically lacked robust detail on why and how to use and structure engagement and outcomes/effects of engagement, though syntheses involving Indigenous populations typically included more detail. When reported, engagement typically occurred in early and later synthesis phases. We did not identify guidance documents that specifically intended to provide guidance for engaging racially/ethnically diverse individuals in syntheses; some related guidance described broader equity considerations or engagement in general.
CONCLUSION: This review highlights gaps in understanding of the use of engagement in racial health equity-focused syntheses and in guidance specifically addressing engaging racially and ethnically diverse populations. Syntheses and guidance materials we identified reported limited data addressing the whys, hows, and whats (i.e., rationale for, approaches to, resources needed and effects of) of engagement, and we lack information for understanding whether engagement makes a difference to the conduct and findings of syntheses and when and how engagement of specific populations may contribute to centering racial health equity. A more informed understanding of these issues, facilitated by prospective and retrospective descriptions of engagement of diverse interest holders, may help advance actionable guidance and reviews.

Keywords:  engagement; evidence syntheses; methods; patient and public involvement; racial health equity; systematic reviews

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111575
JMIR Med Inform. 2024 Oct 23. 12 e54653

Accelerating Evidence Synthesis in Observational Studies: Development of a Living Natural Language Processing-Assisted Intelligent Systematic Literature Review System.

Frank J Manion, Jingcheng Du, Dong Wang, Long He, Bin Lin, Jingqi Wang, Siwei Wang, David Eckels, Jan Cervenka, Peter C Fiduccia, Nicole Cossrow, Lixia Yao.

   Background: Systematic literature review (SLR), a robust method to identify and summarize evidence from published sources, is considered to be a complex, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive task.
Objective: This study aimed to present a solution based on natural language processing (NLP) that accelerates and streamlines the SLR process for observational studies using real-world data.
Methods: We followed an agile software development and iterative software engineering methodology to build a customized intelligent end-to-end living NLP-assisted solution for observational SLR tasks. Multiple machine learning-based NLP algorithms were adopted to automate article screening and data element extraction processes. The NLP prediction results can be further reviewed and verified by domain experts, following the human-in-the-loop design. The system integrates explainable articificial intelligence to provide evidence for NLP algorithms and add transparency to extracted literature data elements. The system was developed based on 3 existing SLR projects of observational studies, including the epidemiology studies of human papillomavirus-associated diseases, the disease burden of pneumococcal diseases, and cost-effectiveness studies on pneumococcal vaccines.
Results: Our Intelligent SLR Platform covers major SLR steps, including study protocol setting, literature retrieval, abstract screening, full-text screening, data element extraction from full-text articles, results summary, and data visualization. The NLP algorithms achieved accuracy scores of 0.86-0.90 on article screening tasks (framed as text classification tasks) and macroaverage F1 scores of 0.57-0.89 on data element extraction tasks (framed as named entity recognition tasks).
Conclusions: Cutting-edge NLP algorithms expedite SLR for observational studies, thus allowing scientists to have more time to focus on the quality of data and the synthesis of evidence in observational studies. Aligning the living SLR concept, the system has the potential to update literature data and enable scientists to easily stay current with the literature related to observational studies prospectively and continuously.

Keywords:  artificial intelligence; data extraction; deep learning; epidemiology; machine learning; natural language processing; software development; systematic literature review

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/54653
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 350-356

Standing up for representation in undergraduate medical education curricula through medical student, librarian, and faculty collaboration: a case report.

Ellen M Hong, Rami Atoot, Megan E Decker, Alexander C Ekwueme, Cairo Stanislaus, Tadé Ayeni, Christopher P Duffy, Allison E Piazza, Mariela Mitre, Linda D Siracusa, Jennifer F Zepf.

   Background: A shortage of images of pathology on diverse skin tones has been recognized for decades in health professions education. Identifying skin manifestations of disease depends on pattern recognition, which is difficult without visual examples. Lack of familiarity with visual diagnosis on skin of color can lead to delayed or missed diagnoses with increased morbidity and mortality. As the United States continues to increase in ethnic and racial diversity, addressing the disparity in health outcomes with education is vital.
Case Presentation: At the Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, students, librarians, and faculty came together to address this problem and develop a database of dermatological conditions in people with darker skin tones. A student group initiated a series of meetings with faculty to determine the best approach to address and enhance the representation of diversity in disease images within the curriculum. With the guidance of faculty and librarians, students performed a literature search and created a database of images of skin pathologies in people with darker skin tones. The database was disseminated to course directors and lecturers, and the noted disparities were corrected for the next cohort of students. The database provides an easily accessible resource for creating lecture slides.
Conclusion: This project brought awareness of the need for inclusivity and generated a broad review of the curriculum to be more representative of all patient populations. Most importantly, our experience provides a roadmap for institutional change through student, librarian and faculty collaboration and cultivation of a culture of optimism and acceptance.

Keywords:  Diversity, equity, and inclusion; Medical Education; clinical diagnostic reasoning; diverse skin images; reducing healthcare disparities

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1939
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 372-377

History in context: teaching the history of dentistry with rare materials.

Nicole Theis-Mahon, Anna Opryszko, A I Miller, Emily Beck, Lois Hendrickson.

   Background: History and health humanities instruction offers a framework for professional students to examine the arc and development of their profession as well as develop cultural competencies. Exploring ideas, themes, and health care practices and approaches through historical instruction can show students how culture influences health care and practice, therefore providing a context for further development of cultural competence skills.
Case Presentation: This case report describes a collaboration among a dentistry course instructor, a liaison librarian, and curators of a rare book collection. Working together, this team offers an active learning class that examines the historical arc of the dental profession. We aim to have students use primary source materials to examine the experiences, research, and narratives of their profession.
Discussion: Using a World Cafe with thematic tables allows students to safely examine rare materials and artifacts and have meaningful conversations about themes that are critical to dentistry's past, present, and future. Students reported that engaging with artifacts and historical materials provided a different way to understand history and enhanced their learning experience. Engaging students in this work builds critical thinking skills that are essential to evidence-based practice.

Keywords:  Active Learning; Curators; Health Humanities; History of Dentistry; Librarians

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1934
J Med Libr Assoc. 2024 Oct 01. 112(4): 307-323

MLA Research Training Institute (RTI) 2018 and 2019: participant research confidence and program effectiveness.

Susan Lessick, Jodi L Philbrick, Lorie Kloda.

   Objective: The article reports on an assessment of the effectiveness of the MLA Research Training Institute (RTI) for the years 2018 and 2019. The RTI is a year-long continuing education research methods training and support program for health sciences librarians. The study focuses on assessing RTI participants' research confidence after program completion and compares these results with their perceptions of workshop/program performance and learning outcomes. In addition, the authors discuss how the findings were applied to inform and improve the program.
Methods: The study used a 26-item questionnaire, RTI Research Confidence Questionnaire, to gather information on participants' self-reported research confidence before the workshop, immediately after the workshop, and one year after the workshop to determine statistically significant differences. Differences in research confidence were identified by using three nonparametric statistical tests. Additional workshop and program surveys were used to corroborate the research confidence findings.
Results: Post-workshop and one-year-after-workshop research confidence ratings were significantly higher than pre-workshop levels for years 1 and 2. A comparison of median ratings between years 1 and 2 showed significant increases in research confidence for nine items in year 2. Participants' positive perceptions of workshop/program effectiveness and learning outcomes corroborated these findings.
Conclusion: Overall assessment findings indicated that RTI training helped participants understand, use, and apply research skills to conduct research. Findings also revealed that participants' heightened research confidence persisted at least 12 months postintervention. The RTI Research Confidence Questionnaire proved effective for rigorously assessing and improving the RTI program. This study enhances the currently limited evidence on evidence-based approaches for assessing and improving research instruction for librarians.

Keywords:  Research confidence; evidence-based library and information practice (EBLIP); health sciences librarians; librarian education; librarian research; research process; research training

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2024.1915
Entropy (Basel). 2024 Oct 13. pii: 862. [Epub ahead of print]26(10):

Quantum Approach for Contextual Search, Retrieval, and Ranking of Classical Information.

Alexander P Alodjants, Anna E Avdyushina, Dmitriy V Tsarev, Igor A Bessmertny, Andrey Yu Khrennikov.

  Quantum-inspired algorithms represent an important direction in modern software information technologies that use heuristic methods and approaches of quantum science. This work presents a quantum approach for document search, retrieval, and ranking based on the Bell-like test, which is well-known in quantum physics. We propose quantum probability theory in the hyperspace analog to language (HAL) framework exploiting a Hilbert space for word and document vector specification. The quantum approach allows for accounting for specific user preferences in different contexts. To verify the algorithm proposed, we use a dataset of synthetic advertising text documents from travel agencies generated by the OpenAI GPT-4 model. We show that the "entanglement" in two-word document search and retrieval can be recognized as the frequent occurrence of two words in incompatible query contexts. We have found that the user preferences and word ordering in the query play a significant role in relatively small sizes of the HAL window. The comparison with the cosine similarity metrics demonstrates the key advantages of our approach based on the user-enforced contextual and semantic relationships between words and not just their superficial occurrence in texts. Our approach to retrieving and ranking documents allows for the creation of new information search engines that require no resource-intensive deep machine learning algorithms.

Keywords:  decision making; information retrieval; machine learning; ordering effect; quantum cognition

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/e26100862
Ophthalmol Sci. 2025 Jan-Feb;5(1):5(1): 100594

Evaluation of the Appropriateness and Readability of ChatGPT-4 Responses to Patient Queries on Uveitis.

S Saeed Mohammadi, Anadi Khatri, Tanya Jain, Zheng Xian Thng, Woong-Sun Yoo, Negin Yavari, Vahid Bazojoo, Azadeh Mobasserian, Amir Akhavanrezayat, Ngoc Trong Tuong Than, Osama Elaraby, Battuya Ganbold, Dalia El Feky, Ba Trung Nguyen, Cigdem Yasar, Ankur Gupta, Jia-Horung Hung, Quan Dong Nguyen.

   Purpose: To compare the utility of ChatGPT-4 as an online uveitis patient education resource with existing patient education websites.
Design: Evaluation of technology.
Participants: Not applicable.
Methods: The term "uveitis" was entered into the Google search engine, and the first 8 nonsponsored websites were selected to be enrolled in the study. Information regarding uveitis for patients was extracted from Healthline, Mayo Clinic, WebMD, National Eye Institute, Ocular Uveitis and Immunology Foundation, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Cleveland Clinic, and National Health Service websites. ChatGPT-4 was then prompted to generate responses about uveitis in both standard and simplified formats. To generate the simplified response, the following request was added to the prompt: 'Please provide a response suitable for the average American adult, at a sixth-grade comprehension level.' Three dual fellowship-trained specialists, all masked to the sources, graded the appropriateness of the contents (extracted from the existing websites) and responses (generated responses by ChatGPT-4) in terms of personal preference, comprehensiveness, and accuracy. Additionally, 5 readability indices, including Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook index were calculated using an online calculator, Readable.com, to assess the ease of comprehension of each answer.
Main Outcome Measures: Personal preference, accuracy, comprehensiveness, and readability of contents and responses about uveitis.
Results: A total of 497 contents and responses, including 71 contents from existing websites, 213 standard responses, and 213 simplified responses from ChatGPT-4 were recorded and graded. Standard ChatGPT-4 responses were preferred and perceived to be more comprehensive by dually trained (uveitis and retina) specialist ophthalmologists while maintaining similar accuracy level compared with existing websites. Moreover, simplified ChatGPT-4 responses matched almost all existing websites in terms of personal preference, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. Notably, almost all readability indices suggested that standard ChatGPT-4 responses demand a higher educational level for comprehension, whereas simplified responses required lower level of education compared with the existing websites.
Conclusions: This study shows that ChatGPT can provide patients with an avenue to access comprehensive and accurate information about uveitis, tailored to their educational level.
Financial Disclosures: The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Keywords:  Artificial intelligence; ChatGPT; Patient education; Uveitis

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xops.2024.100594
J Surg Res. 2024 Oct 22. pii: S0022-4804(24)00600-0. [Epub ahead of print]303 652-662

Readability and Quality Evaluation of Thyroidectomy Websites: A Systematic Review.

Maria P Cote, Jorge L Gomez-Mayorga, Natalia Chaves, Jordan M Broekhuis, Megan C Mcnichol, Q Lina Hu, Benjamin C James.

   INTRODUCTION: Online websites are a major source of educational material for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. We hypothesize that thyroidectomy websites have low quality and are written above the 6th grade readability recommendation.
METHODS: A systematic literature review of studies evaluating readability and/or quality of thyroidectomy-informing, English-written websites was performed in November 2023 in three major online databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science).
RESULTS: Ten out of 2017 initially screened studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies found websites' readability above the recommended 6th grade level. Quality was heterogeneously defined and evaluated by seven of the included studies. Nonetheless, all studies deemed most thyroidectomy websites quality as poor to fair.
CONCLUSIONS: Websites addressing thyroidectomy do not meet the recommended readability level for patient educational material. The heterogeneity of scoring and reporting of quality limits comparability. This study highlights the necessity of revising and modifying existing websites to adequately aid patient decision-making.

Keywords:  Internet; Patient education; Quality; Readability; Thyroidectomy

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2024.09.052
Clin Exp Optom. 2024 Oct 24. 1-8

Evaluating the reliability of the responses of large language models to keratoconus-related questions.

Mustafa Kayabaşı, Seher Köksaldı, Ceren Durmaz Engin.

   CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Artificial intelligence has undergone a rapid evolution and large language models (LLMs) have become promising tools for healthcare, with the ability of providing human-like responses to questions. The capabilities of these tools in addressing questions related to keratoconus (KCN) have not been previously explored.
BACKGROUND: In this study, the responses were evaluated from three LLMs - ChatGPT-4, Copilot, and Gemini - to common patient questions regarding KCN.
METHODS: Fifty real-life patient inquiries regarding general information, aetiology, symptoms and diagnosis, progression, and treatment of KCN were presented to the LLMs. Evaluations of the answers were conducted by three ophthalmologists with a 5-point Likert scale ranging from 'strongly disagreed' to 'strongly agreed'. The reliability of the responses provided by LLMs was evaluated using the DISCERN and the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) scales. Readability metrics (Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Coleman-Liau Index) were calculated to evaluate the complexity of responses.
RESULTS: ChatGPT-4 consistently scored 3 points or higher for all (100%) its responses, while Copilot had five (10%) and Gemini had two (4%) responses scoring 2 points or below. ChatGPT-4 achieved a 'strongly agree' rate of 74% across all questions, markedly superior to Copilot at 34% and Gemini at 42% (p < 0.001); and recorded the highest 'strongly agree' rates in general information and symptoms & diagnosis categories (90% for both). The median Likert scores differed among LLMs (p < 0.001), with ChatGPT-4 scoring highest and Copilot scoring lowest. Although ChatGPT-4 exhibited more reliability based on the DISCERN scale, it was characterised by lower readability and higher complexity. While all LLMs provided responses categorised as 'extremely difficult to read', the responses provided by Copilot showed higher readability.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the responses provided by ChatGPT-4 exhibiting lower readability and greater complexity, it emerged as the most proficient in answering KCN-related questions.

Keywords:  Artificial intelligence; ChatGPT; Copilot; Gemini; keratoconus; large language models

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/08164622.2024.2419524
Cureus. 2024 Sep;16(9): e69996

Assessing the Quality of Patient Education Materials on Cardiac Catheterization From Artificial Intelligence Chatbots: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.

Benjamin J Behers, Christoph A Stephenson-Moe, Rebecca M Gibons, Ian A Vargas, Caroline N Wojtas, Manuel A Rosario, Djhemson Anneaud, Profilia Nord, Karen M Hamad, Joel F Baker.

  Background Health literacy empowers patients to participate in their own healthcare. Personal health literacy is one's ability to find, understand, and use information/resources to make well-informed health decisions. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a source for the acquisition of health-related information through large language model (LLM)-driven chatbots. Assessment of the readability and quality of health information produced by these chatbots has been the subject of numerous studies to date. This study seeks to assess the quality of patient education materials on cardiac catheterization produced by AI chatbots. Methodology We asked a set of 10 questions about cardiac catheterization to four chatbots: ChatGPT (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA), Microsoft Copilot (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA), Google Gemini (Google DeepMind, London, UK), and Meta AI (Meta, New York, NY). The questions and subsequent answers were utilized to make patient education materials on cardiac catheterization. The quality of these materials was assessed using two validated instruments for patient education materials: DISCERN and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). Results The overall DISCERN scores were 4.5 for ChatGPT, 4.4 for Microsoft Copilot and Google Gemini, and 3.8 for Meta AI. ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and Google Gemini tied for the highest reliability score at 4.6, while Meta AI had the lowest with 4.2. ChatGPT had the highest quality score at 4.4, while Meta AI had the lowest with 3.4. ChatGPT and Google Gemini had Understandability scores of 100%, while Meta AI had the lowest with 82%. ChatGPT, Microsoft Copilot, and Google Gemini all had Actionability scores of 75%, while Meta AI had one of 50%. Conclusions ChatGPT produced the most reliable and highest quality materials, followed closely by Google Gemini. Meta AI produced the lowest quality materials. Given the easy accessibility that chatbots provide patients and the high-quality responses that we obtained, they could be a reliable source for patients to obtain information about cardiac catheterization.

Keywords:  cardiac catheterization; chatgpt; google gemini; meta ai; microsoft copilot; patient education

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69996
Surg Endosc. 2024 Oct 23.

Accuracy of natural language processors for patients seeking inguinal hernia information.

Alex Lois, Robert Yates, Megan Ivy, Colette Inaba, Roger Tatum, Lawrence Cetrulo, Zoe Parr, Judy Chen, Saurabh Khandelwal, Andrew Wright.

   BACKGROUND: NLPs such as ChatGPT are novel sources of online healthcare information that are readily accessible and integrated into internet search tools. The accuracy of NLP-generated responses to health information questions is unknown.
METHODS: We queried four NLPs (ChatGPT 3.5 and 4, Bard, and Claude 2.0) for responses to simulated patient questions about inguinal hernias and their management. Responses were graded on a Likert scale (1 poor to 5 excellent) for relevance, completeness, and accuracy. Responses were compiled and scored collectively for readability using the Flesch-Kincaid score and for educational quality using the DISCERN instrument, a validated tool for evaluating patient information materials. Responses were also compared to two gold-standard educational materials provided by SAGES and the ACS. Evaluations were performed by six hernia surgeons.
RESULTS: The average NLP response scores for relevance, completeness, and accuracy were 4.76 (95% CI 4.70-4.80), 4.11 (95% CI 4.02-4.20), and 4.14 (95% CI 4.03-4.24), respectively. ChatGPT4 received higher accuracy scores (mean 4.43 [95% CI 4.37-4.50]) than Bard (mean 4.06 [95% CI 3.88-4.26]) and Claude 2.0 (mean 3.85 [95% CI 3.63-4.08]). The ACS document received the best scores for reading ease (55.2) and grade level (9.2); however, none of the documents achieved the readibility thresholds recommended by the American Medical Association. The ACS document also received the highest DISCERN score of 63.5 (57.0-70.1), and this was significantly higher compared to ChatGPT 4 (50.8 [95% CI 46.2-55.4]) and Claude 2.0 (48 [95% CI 41.6-54.4]).
CONCLUSIONS: The evaluated NLPs provided relevant responses of reasonable accuracy to questions about inguinal hernia. Compiled NLP responses received relatively low readability and DISCERN scores, although results may improve as NLPs evolve or with adjustments in question wording. As surgical patients expand their use of NLPs for healthcare information, surgeons should be aware of the benefits and limitations of NLPs as patient education tools.

Keywords:  Artificial intelligence; Inguinal hernia; NLP; Natural language processors; Patient education

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-024-11221-y
Ann Plast Surg. 2024 Nov 01. 93(5): 546-550

Assessing the Readability of Online English and Spanish Resources for Polydactyly and Syndactyly.

Ashley Shin, Praneet S Paidisetty, Surya Chivukula, Leonard Kuan-Pei Wang, Wendy Chen.

INTRODUCTION: Online patient education materials (PEMs) that are difficult to read disproportionately affect patients with low health literacy and educational attainment. Patients may not be fully informed or empowered to engage meaningfully with providers and advocate for their goals. We aim to assess the readability of online PEMs regarding polydactyly and syndactyly.
METHODS: Google was used to query "polydactyly" and "syndactyly" in English and Spanish. The first 50 results were categorized into institutional (government, medical school, teaching hospital), noninstitutional (private practice, blog), and academic (journal articles, book chapters). Readability scores were generated using the Simple Measure of Gobbledygook and Spanish Simple Measure of Gobbledygook scales.
RESULTS: All polydactyly PEMs and >95% of syndactyly PEMs exceeded the National Institutes of Health recommended 6th-grade reading level. Altogether, English PEMs had an average reading level of a university freshman and Spanish PEMs had an average reading level of nearly a high school sophomore. For both diagnoses, English PEMs were harder to read than Spanish PEMs overall and when compared across the 3 categories between the 2 languages. Generally, noninstitutional PEMs were more difficult to read than their institutional counterparts.
CONCLUSIONS: To improve patient education, health literacy, and language equity, online resources for polydactyly and syndactyly should be written at the 6th-grade level. Currently, these PEMs are too advanced, which can make accessing, understanding, and pursuing healthcare decisions more challenging. Understanding health conditions and information is crucial to empower patients, regardless of literacy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000004121
Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2024 Oct 22.

Assessing the readability and quality of online written information on epistaxis.

Z R Almansoor, R Abrar, H Raja.

   INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to assess the readability and quality of online written information on epistaxis.
METHODS: The terms 'epistaxis' and 'nosebleed' were entered into Google. The first six webpages generated for each search term were screened. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) Index and Gunning Fog Index (GFOG). Quality was assessed using the DISCERN instrument. Spearman's correlation between quality and readability was calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 37 websites met the inclusion criteria. The mean and 95% confidence intervals for FRES, FKGL, SMOG and GFOG were 58.9 (55.3-62.5), 9.65 (8.74-10.6), 9.18 (8.57-9.8) and 12.5 (11.5-13.5), respectively. The DISCERN score was 34.3 (32.0-36.5). Weak negative correlation was noted between DISCERN and FRES (rs = -0.15, p = 0.36).
CONCLUSIONS: Online information on epistaxis is generally of poor quality and low readability.

Keywords:  COVID-19; Comprehension; Epistaxis; Nosebleeds; Reading

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2024.0053
J Med Internet Res. 2024 Oct 22. 26 e50099

Accuracy, Quality, and Misinformation of YouTube Abortion Procedural Videos: Cross-Sectional Study.

Nicole Acero, Emma Herrero, Juanita Foncham, Jamie McIlvaine, Emre Kayaalp, Melissa Figueora, Antonia Francis Oladipo.

   BACKGROUND: The internet is often the first source patients turn to for medical information. YouTube is a commonly used internet-based resource for patients seeking to learn about medical procedures, including their risks, benefits, and safety profile. Abortion is a common yet polarizing medical procedure. People interested in obtaining an abortion are likely to use the internet to learn more about abortion procedures and may encounter misinformed and biased information. This is troubling as information found on the internet can significantly alter perceptions and understanding of these procedures. There is no current research that evaluates the accuracy, quality, and misinformation of instructional abortion videos available to patients.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess if any given video can deliver accurate and quality information about this topic in an unbiased manner and to assess the level of factually incorrect, distorted, or medically irrelevant information in any given video.
METHODS: Procedural methods of abortion were queried on YouTube on August 22, 2022. The videos were screened with strict exclusion criteria. Videos were categorized into "video slants" based on the language and attitudes expressed in each video. Video accuracy was calculated using the Surgical Curriculum in Obstetrics and Gynecology (SCOG) checklist for each corresponding procedure. Video quality was calculated using the Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines (LAP-VEGaS) criteria. The level of misinformation was assessed with the evidence-based Anti-Choice Rubric, which scores the amount of factually incorrect, distorted, or medically irrelevant information in each video.
RESULTS: A total of 32 videos were analyzed and categorized into 3 "video slant" groups: neutral (n=23, 72%), antichoice (n=4, 12%), and prochoice (n=5, 16%). Using the SCOG checklist, neutral videos had the highest median accuracy (45.9%), followed by antichoice videos (24.6%) and prochoice videos (18.5%). None of the videos met the LAP-VEGaS quality control criteria, (score>11, indicating adequate quality). Neutral videos had a median score of 8.8 out of 18, with antichoice videos scoring 10.75 and prochoice videos scoring 6.2. Using the Anti-Choice Rubric, neutral videos mentioned only 1 factually incorrect piece of information. Antichoice videos mentioned 12 factually incorrect pieces of information, 8 distortions, and 3 medically irrelevant pieces of information. Prochoice videos did not mention any of the 3 themes.
CONCLUSIONS: Using the SCOG checklist, the accuracy of instructional videos were inconsistent across the 3 identified "video slants." Using LAP-VEGaS criteria, the quality of educational videos were also inconsistent across the 3 "video slants." Prochoice videos had the lowest level of misinformation, with no mentions of any of the 3 themes. Antichoice videos had the highest levels of misinformation, with mentions in all 3 themes. Health care professionals should consider this when counseling patients who may watch YouTube videos for information regarding abortion procedures.

Keywords:  YouTube; abortion; accuracy; health information; misinformation; obstetrics; patient education; prochoice; quality; reliability; reproductive; social media; women's health

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/50099
J Laryngol Otol. 2024 Oct 21. 1-16

Assessment of the Quality of Stapedotomy Videos on YouTube Using the IVORY Grading System.

Sibel Yıldırım, Alper Ozdilek.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215124001014
J Cancer Educ. 2024 Oct 23.

Assessment of YouTube Videos Related to Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Thyroid Cancer for Patient Education.

Laura Samson, Brandon S Chai, Paris-Ann Ingledew.

  Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer diagnosis among those aged 15-29, with a noticeable increase in cases over the last decade. YouTube, one of the most frequented websites on the internet, serves as a common platform to obtain health information. This study uses a systematic approach to characterize YouTube videos related to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer. The first 50 videos across four distinct YouTube search terms related to RAI therapy for thyroid cancer were identified after applying exclusion criteria. A previously validated video assessment tool was utilized to evaluate the videos. Two independent reviewers assessed a random sample of 10 videos, while the remaining 40 videos were evaluated by one reviewer as there were minimal discrepancies in coding. Among the identified videos, 26 videos were published within the past 3 years, with a median video length of 4 min and 53s. The three most common publishers' affiliations were non-profits (15 videos), personal accounts (12 videos), and health care facilities/organizations (11 videos). Most of the videos originated in the United States, used an interview format, featured physician presenters, and were directed towards patients. Highly covered topics included "side effects and risks" and "RAI therapy overview". The findings underscore the significant role YouTube plays in aiding patient comprehension of RAI therapy for thyroid cancer based on video parameters and content. These results can inform physicians' discussions with patients regarding YouTube and contribute to the development of new, high-quality YouTube videos to support thyroid cancer education.

Keywords:  Patient education; Radioactive iodine therapy; Thyroid cancer; YouTube

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-024-02531-9
J Orthod Sci. 2024 ;13 37

Reliability of YouTube videos on the management of orthodontic emergencies during COVID-19 pandemic: A quantitative and qualitative analysis.

Zaki Hakami, Satish Vishwanathaiah, Hussain Y A Marghalani, Ahmed M Bokhari, Mohammad Raji Alrwuili, Abdulaziz Abdullah S Barashid, Mohammad Sawadi, Prabhadevi C Maganur.

   OBJECTIVES: To assess the content of YouTube videos on the management of orthodontic emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: YouTube was systematically searched using the keywords "orthodontic emergency," "orthodontic homecare," "braces emergency," and "braces homecare." The first 100 videos for each keyword were assessed. The upload source, number of views, likes and dislikes, duration, and global quality score were extracted. Home and clinical advice reliability was evaluated using the reliability score (DISCERN) according to the COVID-19 orthodontic emergencies protocol published by the British Orthodontic Society.
RESULTS: The majority of the videos were found to be poor quality. Home care advice showed higher reliability than clinical advice. Orthodontic emergency videos uploaded by healthcare professionals had higher reliability.
CONCLUSION: Many types of orthodontic emergencies have received little attention on YouTube, and more useful and reliable educational videos should be uploaded in the event of future pandemics.

Keywords:  Braces emergency; COVID-19; YouTube videos; global quality score; orthodontic emergency; reliability

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_32_24
Colomb Med (Cali). 2024 Jan-Mar;55(1):55(1): e2015861

Content quality and reliability of the YouTube videos about chronic prostatitis.

Mehmet Erhan Aydın, Coşkun Kaya, Aykut Aykaç, Özer Ural Çakıcı, Mustafa Sungur.

   Background: YouTube is one of the most used social media platforms for accessing health information.
Objective: To evaluate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos about chronic prostatitis.
Methods: YouTube search using the keywords "kronik prostatit" for Turkish videos and 'chronic prostatitis' for English videos were done. The videos were evaluated through modified-Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and Video Power Index (VPI) scoring systems. The characters of the videos were also recorded and analyzed.
Results: Of the 65 Turkish videos, videos of health professions (HPv) were uploaded 58 and seven videos of non-professional in health (NPv). There were no significant differences between the views, like counts, VPI, or the content quality and reliability of HPv and NPv. Of the 62 English videos, videos of HP were uploaded 40 and 22 videos of non-professional in health. Although HPv were found to have greater DISCERN and JAMA values, Lv had more views, view ratio, and Video Power Index than HPv. When all 127 videos were evaluated regardless of the language, NPv were found to have more total views and ratings, but there were no significant differences between like ratio, VPI, DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS values between the two groups.
Conclusion: Most YouTube videos about chronic prostatitis did not have enough quality and reliable information. Health associations should be more attentive to posting more content videos of sufficient quality and reliability on social media platforms.

Keywords:  chronic disease; instructional film and video; prostatitis; social media

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.25100/cm.v55i1.5861
J Oral Rehabil. 2024 Oct 20.

Reliability and Educational Suitability of TikTok Videos as a Source of Information on Sleep and Awake Bruxism: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Davide Cannatà, Marzio Galdi, Alessio Russo, Carmine Scelza, Ambrosina Michelotti, Stefano Martina.

   BACKGROUND: TikTok contains many videos about bruxism that may help raise the level of awareness on the topic. However, the quality of these videos' information represents the greatest concern.
OBJECTIVE: The present cross-sectional analysis aimed to systematically assess the reliability and educational suitability of TikTok videos as a source of information on bruxism.
METHODS: TikTok was searched for relevant videos uploaded until 6 March 2024, using the hashtags #bruxism, #grindingteeth and #jawclenching. Independent pre-calibrated operators conducted video inclusion and data collection, noting videos' characteristics, source, popularity, content, reliability (assessed through the DISCERN scoring system) and educational value (assessed through the Global Quality Score [GQS]). The Kruskal-Wallis test was adopted to compare videos from different sources. Videos with low and high educational value were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Tests were considered significant when the p-value was < 0.05.
RESULTS: A total of 105 bruxism videos were analysed. Most videos covered bruxism management and clinical features, and more than 60% were uploaded by healthcare professionals. According to the DISCERN and GQS scoring, the videos' reliability and educational value were judged to be very poor and low, respectively, but on average they were higher for videos uploaded by healthcare professionals compared to those uploaded by laypeople. When comparing videos with high educational value to those with low educational value, differences were found in popularity, content and reliability.
CONCLUSION: The present results suggest the need for greater control of information disseminated on social media to fulfil its potential role in educating laypeople about bruxism.

Keywords:  TikTok; awake bruxism; bruxism; quality of information; sleep bruxism; social media

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.13874
BMC Prim Care. 2024 Oct 23. 25(1): 376

Where do UK clinicians find information at the point of care? A pragmatic, exploratory study.

Margaret McCartney, Kate Connolly, Frank Sullivan, Carl Heneghan, Elijah Yu Heng Ho, Brid Hendry, Charlotte Salisbury, Sam Offer, David Nunan.

   AIM: To describe where clinical information is contemporarily and commonly found in UK primary care, what is favoured by clinicians, and whether this is (1) publicly funded (2) has commercial potential conflicts of interest.
DESIGN AND SETTING: A mixed methods study, consisting of (1) site visits to general practices in Scotland, (2) online questionnaire, focused on UK general practice (3) analysis of materials cited by professionals.
METHODS: Data about sources of clinical information used was obtained verbally, visually and via search histories on computers from visits. This was used to inform a questionnaire in which primary care clinicians in the four nations of the UK were invited to participate. This obtained data about the information sources used and preferred by clinicians. This information was searched for data about funding and conflicts of interest.
RESULTS: Over 2022, four practices were visited. 337 clinicians, 280 of whom were general practitioners completed an online questionnaire. 136 different resources were identified. These were mainly websites but sources of information included colleagues, either in practice or through online networks, apps, local guidelines, health charities, and learning resources aimed at GPs. Of these, 70 were not publicly funded, and were a mixture of membership organisations, charities, or sponsored venues.
CONCLUSIONS: Primary care clinicians obtain information for themselves and patients from a wide variety of sources. Funding is from a variety of sources and some contain advertising and/or sponsorship, risking commercial bias.
PROTOCOL: Pre-published at https://osf.io/wrzqk .

Keywords:  Education; General practice; IT

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-024-02627-7
Health Commun. 2024 Oct 22. 1-12

From Online to Offline: How Different Sources of Online Health Information Seeking Affect Patient-Centered Communication in Chinese Older Adults? The Roles of Patient Activation and Patient-Provider Discussion of Online Health Information.

Yuyuan Kylie Lai, Jizhou Francis Ye, Changhao Yan, Luxi Zhang, Xinshu Zhao, Matthew Ting Chi Liu.

Despite the increasing prevalence of online health information seeking (OHIS) among older adults, its impact on patient-centered communication (PCC) outcomes remains unclear. Drawing from Street's ecological framework of communication in medical encounters, the present study examined the mediation role of patient activation in the relationship between OHIS across three media channels - social media, search engines, and mobile health applications (mHealth apps) - and PCC. Furthermore, it examines the moderation effect of patient-provider discussions of online health information. A national survey of 916 older Chinese adults aged 60-78 was conducted. The findings indicate that OHIS across the three channels can indirectly enhance PCC through patient activation. Moreover, OHIS via mHealth apps is positively associated with PCC, while the relationship between OHIS via social media/search engines and PCC is not significant. The interaction between patients and healthcare providers regarding online health information positively moderated all indirect paths. Notably, a great proportion of older adults (77.7%) engaged in discussions about online health information with healthcare providers. These findings emphasize the importance of considering various media channels and highlight the pivotal role of patient activation in bridging the gap between OHIS and satisfactory healthcare interactions, especially in the Chinese context.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2024.2419194