bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2023–06–25
seventeen papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society
  1. Technology and informatics in Australian health libraries.
  2. Social Prescribing Initiative at Community Library and Its Impact on Residents and the Community: A Qualitative Study.
  3. Managing medical (mis)information.
  4. Enhancing Evidence-Based Pharmacy by Comparing the Quality of Web-Based Information Sources to the EVInews Database: Randomized Controlled Trial With German Community Pharmacists.
  5. An Overview of How to Search and Write a Medical Literature Review.
  6. Chat GPT-4 significantly surpasses GPT-3.5 in drug information queries.
  7. Online information on chronic pain in 3 countries: an assessment of readability, credibility, and accuracy.
  8. High Rates of Fabricated and Inaccurate References in ChatGPT-Generated Medical Content.
  9. YouTube as a source of information on preventing the use of valproic acid in women during pregnancy.
  10. Douyin as a source of information and education on humeral supracondylar fracture of children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese Mainland: An observational study.
  11. TikTok and YouTube Videos on Overactive Bladder Exhibit Poor Quality and Diversity.
  12. Evaluating YouTube as a source of patient information for pediatric tracheostomy care.
  13. Quality of free gingival graft content in youtube videos: Usability in patient information and student education.
  14. Content Quality of YouTube Videos About Pain Management After Cesarean Birth: Content Analysis.
  15. Parents of children with cancer require health literacy support to meet their information needs.
  16. Gaze movement analysis examined how people view and interact with health information on Facebook pages.
  17. Lessons (machine) learned from COVID-19.
  1. Health Info Libr J. 2023 Jun 19.
    Technology and informatics in Australian health libraries.
    Gemma Siemensma, Daniel McDonald.
      Australia is no different to any other country in that information technology (IT) and the speed of its advancement has a huge impact on health care and therefore on health libraries. Australian health librarians are valuable members of health care teams and strive to integrate services and resources across hospitals. This article looks at the role Australian health libraries play in the broader health information landscape and the importance of information governance and health informatics as a tenet of the work undertaken by libraries. Of particular focus in this is the Health Libraries Australia/Telstra Health Digital Health Innovation Award, offered annually, to help focus on particular technological challenges. Three cases studies are explored demonstrating impact on the systematic review process, inter-library loan system automation and a room booking service. Also discussed are the ongoing professional development opportunities, which help upskill the Australian health library workforce. Australian health libraries also face many challenges with piecemeal IT systems across the nation, resulting in lost opportunities. Also, many Australian health services do not have a qualified librarian on staff, which undermines information governance. However, resiliency shines through with strong professional health library networks working to challenge the status quo in an effort to improve the application of health informatics.
    Keywords:  Australia; digital information resources; informatics; information and communication technologies (ICTs)
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12496
  2. J Prim Care Community Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;14:14 21501319231181877
    Social Prescribing Initiative at Community Library and Its Impact on Residents and the Community: A Qualitative Study.
    Yoichi Morimoto, Yayoi Koga, Tsuneaki Kenzaka, Daisuke Son.
       INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Social prescribing aims to improve health and well-being by connecting individuals with mental health, housing, and loneliness issues to informal services and support. This approach connects individuals to activities and services in their community to fulfill their practical, social, and emotional needs. However, no reports of community libraries being prescribed as a place to be referred through social prescribing were observed in the literature and the impact of community libraries on community residents and communities in social prescribing. The aim of this study was to identify the functions of a community library operated by medical and social professionals in the social prescribing initiative, its functions, and its impact on community residents and communities.
    METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the users of the Daikai Bunko Library, a community library in Toyooka City, Japan. The library was established by a primary care physician and community residents as a place where visitors can stay and use it as a library, a bookstore, a café, and a consultation place. Interviews were recorded, and the verbatim transcript was analyzed using the Steps for Coding and Theorization.
    RESULTS: Ten individuals participated. The theoretical description of the interview texts revealed 11 categories as the function of the library and its effect on the individuals and the community: a place to stay, attractive space design, diverse accessibility, choosability of various roles, consultation function, social support, empowerment, mutual trust, formation of connections across generations/attributes, co-creation, and social impact.
    CONCLUSIONS: We found that a community library run by medical and social professionals was a useful social prescribing site and had various effects on the community residents who used it. Various functions of the community library, such as consultation functions and attractive space design, may lead to effects on local individuals providing social support and empowerment, with social impacts such as co-creation and formation of connections to the local community.
    Keywords:  community library; primary care physician; qualitative study; social prescribing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319231181877
  3. Lancet Respir Med. 2023 Jun 19. pii: S2213-2600(23)00234-5. [Epub ahead of print]
    Managing medical (mis)information.
    The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(23)00234-5
  4. J Med Internet Res. 2023 Jun 21. 25 e45582
    Enhancing Evidence-Based Pharmacy by Comparing the Quality of Web-Based Information Sources to the EVInews Database: Randomized Controlled Trial With German Community Pharmacists.
    Jennifer Maria Alexa, Matthias Richter, Thilo Bertsche.
       BACKGROUND: Self-medication counseling in community pharmacies plays a crucial role in health care. Counseling advice should therefore be evidence-based. Web-based information and databases are commonly used as electronic information sources. EVInews is a self-medication-related information tool consisting of a database and monthly published newsletters for pharmacists. Little is known about the quality of pharmacists' electronic information sources for evidence-based self-medication counseling.
    OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate the quality of community pharmacists' web-based search results for self-medication-related content in comparison with the EVInews database, based on an adjusted quality score for pharmacists.
    METHODS: After receiving ethics approval, we performed a quantitative web-based survey with a search task as a prospective randomized, controlled, and unblinded trial. For the search task, participants were instructed to search for evidence-based information to verify 6 health-related statements from 2 typical self-medication indications. Pharmacists across Germany were invited via email to participate. After providing written informed consent, they were automatically, randomly assigned to use either web-based information sources of their choice without the EVInews database (web group) or exclusively the EVInews database (EVInews group). The quality of the information sources that were used for the search task was then assessed by 2 evaluators using a quality score ranging from 100% (180 points, all predefined criteria fulfilled) to 0% (0 points, none of the predefined criteria fulfilled). In case of assessment discrepancies, an expert panel consisting of 4 pharmacists was consulted.
    RESULTS: In total, 141 pharmacists were enrolled. In the Web group (n=71 pharmacists), the median quality score was 32.8% (59.0 out of 180.0 points; IQR 23.0-80.5). In the EVInews group (n=70 pharmacists), the median quality score was significantly higher (85.3%; 153.5 out of 180.0 points; P<.001) and the IQR was smaller (IQR 125.1-157.0). Fewer pharmacists completed the entire search task in the Web group (n=22) than in the EVInews group (n=46). The median time to complete the search task was not significantly different between the Web group (25.4 minutes) and the EVInews group (19.7 minutes; P=.12). The most frequently used web-based sources (74/254, 29.1%) comprised tertiary literature.
    CONCLUSIONS: The median quality score of the web group was poor, and there was a significant difference in quality scores in favor of the EVInews group. Pharmacists' web-based and self-medication-related information sources often did not meet standard quality requirements and showed considerable variation in quality.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00026104; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00026104.
    Keywords:  databases; electronic information; evidence-based pharmacy; evidence-based pharmacy practice; evidence-based practice; external evidence; health information quality; information tools; newsletter; online survey; pharmacist; self-medication; self-medication counseling; utilization
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/45582
  5. Respir Care. 2023 Jun 20. pii: respcare.11198. [Epub ahead of print]
    An Overview of How to Search and Write a Medical Literature Review.
    Lynda T Goodfellow.
      Without a literature review, there can be no research project. Literature reviews are necessary to learn what is known (and not known) about a topic of interest. In the respiratory care profession, the body of research is enormous, so a method to search the medical literature efficiently is needed. Selecting the correct databases, use of Boolean logic operators, and consultations with librarians are used to optimize searches. For a narrow and precise search, use PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, EBSCO, the Cochrane Library, or Google Scholar. Reference management tools assist with organizing the evidence found from the search. Analyzing the search results and writing the review provides an understanding of why the research question is important and its meaning. Spending time in reviewing published literature reviews can serve as a guide or model for understanding the components and style of a well-written literature review.
    Keywords:  MEDLINE; PubMed; bibliographies; biomedical research; database; evidence; index medicus; journals; literature review; literature synthesis; medical literature review; research; search engine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.11198
  6. J Telemed Telecare. 2023 Jun 22. 1357633X231181922
    Chat GPT-4 significantly surpasses GPT-3.5 in drug information queries.
    Na He, Yingying Yan, Ziyang Wu, Yinchu Cheng, Fang Liu, Xiaotong Li, Suodi Zhai.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X231181922
  7. Pain Rep. 2023 Jul-Aug;8(4):8(4): e1078
    Online information on chronic pain in 3 countries: an assessment of readability, credibility, and accuracy.
    Ritu Basnet, David Ruiz Mendez, Isaías Lugo-González, Edel O'Hagan, Mary O'Keeffe, Saurab Sharma, Joshua W Pate, David S Kennedy.
       Objectives: To assess the readability, credibility, and accuracy of online information on chronic pain in Australia, Mexico, and Nepal.
    Methods: We assessed Google-based websites and government health websites about chronic pain for readability (using the Flesch Kincaid Readability Ease tool), credibility (using the Journal of American Medical Association [JAMA] benchmark criteria and Health on the Net Code [HONcode]), and accuracy (using 3 core concepts of pain science education: (1) pain does not mean my body is damaged; (2) thoughts, emotions, and experiences affect pain; and (3) I can retrain my overactive pain system).
    Results: We assessed 71 Google-based websites and 15 government websites. There were no significant between-country differences in chronic pain information retrieved through Google for readability, credibility, or accuracy. Based on readability scores, the websites were "fairly difficult to read," suitable for ages 15 to 17 years or grades 10 to 12 years. For credibility, less than 30% of all websites met the full JAMA criteria, and more than 60% were not HONcode certified. For accuracy, all 3 core concepts were present in less than 30% of websites. Moreover, we found that the Australian government websites have low readability but are credible, and the majority provided all 3 core concepts in pain science education. A single Mexican government website had low readability without any core concepts but was credible.
    Conclusion: The readability, credibility, and accuracy of online information on chronic pain should be improved internationally to support facilitating better management of chronic pain.
    Keywords:  Chronic pain; Credibility; Internet; Online; Readability; Websites
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000001078
  8. Cureus. 2023 May;15(5): e39238
    High Rates of Fabricated and Inaccurate References in ChatGPT-Generated Medical Content.
    Mehul Bhattacharyya, Valerie M Miller, Debjani Bhattacharyya, Larry E Miller.
      Background The availability of large language models such as Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT, OpenAI) has enabled individuals from diverse backgrounds to access medical information. However, concerns exist about the accuracy of ChatGPT responses and the references used to generate medical content. Methods This observational study investigated the authenticity and accuracy of references in medical articles generated by ChatGPT. ChatGPT-3.5 generated 30 short medical papers, each with at least three references, based on standardized prompts encompassing various topics and therapeutic areas. Reference authenticity and accuracy were verified by searching Medline, Google Scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals. The authenticity and accuracy of individual ChatGPT-generated reference elements were also determined. Results Overall, 115 references were generated by ChatGPT, with a mean of 3.8±1.1 per paper. Among these references, 47% were fabricated, 46% were authentic but inaccurate, and only 7% were authentic and accurate. The likelihood of fabricated references significantly differed based on prompt variations; yet the frequency of authentic and accurate references remained low in all cases. Among the seven components evaluated for each reference, an incorrect PMID number was most common, listed in 93% of papers. Incorrect volume (64%), page numbers (64%), and year of publication (60%) were the next most frequent errors. The mean number of inaccurate components was 4.3±2.8 out of seven per reference. Conclusions The findings of this study emphasize the need for caution when seeking medical information on ChatGPT since most of the references provided were found to be fabricated or inaccurate. Individuals are advised to verify medical information from reliable sources and avoid relying solely on artificial intelligence-generated content.
    Keywords:  artificial intelligence; chatgpt; large language model; machine learning; references
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.39238
  9. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 23. 23(1): 1225
    YouTube as a source of information on preventing the use of valproic acid in women during pregnancy.
    Boyang Qu, Binbin Kang, Xingyang Chen, Yanrong Ao, Liping Wang, Weiwei Cui.
       BACKGROUND: YouTube™ ( http://www.youtube.com ), as a very popular video site worldwide, is increasingly being used as a platform to disseminate health information. The purposes of this review were to assess the overall usefulness of the information on the prevention of valproic acid use in women during pregnancy on YouTube™ for patients.
    METHODS: The YouTube™ website was systematically using 8 keywords. One hundred and fifty four videos meet the selection criteria. The researcher evaluated the video duration, days since upload, views and the likes. These videos are categorized as Education, News & Politics and People & Blogs. We designed a usefulness scoring scheme to assess videos quality and classified them as "slightly useful", "useful" and "very useful". The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine whether differences existed between total usefulness scores and categories and Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables.
    RESULTS: The majority of videos were educational (62.8%). The "People & Blogs" and "News & Politics" videos scored significantly higher, but had no significant difference in days since upload, views, views/day or likes. More than half of the videos (91/154) were categorized as "useful". The mean posted days (p = 0.045) was significantly different in the useful group compared with the slightly useful group. There were no correlation between usefulness and the number of days since upload, duration, views, views/day, or likes.
    CONCLUSION: YouTube™ is a promising source of information regarding the use of valproic acid during pregnancy. "News & Politics" videos are the most usefulness. Considering the presence of more slightly useful information, publishers need to improve more comprehensive video content that includes replacement medications, diagnoses and treatments. In the healthcare information space, consumers need to be directed to reliable video.
    Keywords:  Depakene; Depakote; Pregnancy; Valproate; Valproic acid; YouTube™
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16036-5
  10. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Jun 23. 102(25): e34104
    Douyin as a source of information and education on humeral supracondylar fracture of children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chinese Mainland: An observational study.
    Zhitao Zhu, Yan Zheng, Dongsheng Zhu.
      We aimed to investigate whether Douyin videos on pediatric humeral supracondylar fractures could be a useful source during the COVID-19 pandemic. A search was conducted using the term "humeral supracondylar fracture of children" on Douyin. The top 100 videos were selected based on view count. 74 was the final analysis, after excluding 26 videos for various reasons. First, the videos were classified into medical and the non-medical groups based on authorship. The medical team videos were about explanations or detailed surgical procedures directly related to child's fracture. There were also non-medical videos, mostly about personal experiences and other things. The videos were then also divided into 2 groups abased on the year of COVID-19 pandemic. The number of views, content type, video duration and number of likes about the video were analyzed. Among the 74 videos included in this study, had a total of 19,647,988 views (median 205,129, range 7874-1,495,004). Compared to the medical group, the non-medical group had more views (P = .004), likes (P = .000), view ratio (P = .019), and video power index (P = .024). During the COVID-19 pandemic, views (P = .033), view ratio (P = .006), and video power index (P = .043) also increased. Douyin has been a valuable source of health information for patients during COVID-19 pandemic regarding the occurrence of humeral supracondylar fracture in children. Medical professionals and institutions should upload credible, informative videos and clear, high-quality, scientifically reviewed surgical footage of children with humeral supracondylar fracture. And the videos uploaded by medical professionals and filtered by Douyin's staff appear to be necessary.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000034104
  11. Urol Pract. 2023 Jun 22. 101097UPJ0000000000000423
    TikTok and YouTube Videos on Overactive Bladder Exhibit Poor Quality and Diversity.
    Jenna Kanner, Suneet Waghmarae, Amy Nemirovsky, Shu Wang, Stacy Loeb, Rena Malik.
       OBJECTIVE: To assess the quality, understandability, actionability, and diversity of speakers in videos on TikTok and YouTube regarding overactive bladder (OAB).
    METHODS: Using Application Program Interface, the top 500 TikTok and 120 YouTube videos on overactive bladder (OAB) were retrieved. Videos unrelated to OAB, those not in English, longer than 10 minutes, or lacking both text and audio were excluded. Surgical technique videos for providers were also excluded. Videos were scored by trained raters using 2 validated instruments: the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) for actionability and understandability, and the DISCERN instrument for quality of consumer health information. We also examined for evidence of misinformation and commercial bias.
    RESULTS: 136 TikTok videos and 75 YouTube videos met inclusion criteria. 88% of TikTok videos had poor PEMAT actionability scores (a score below 75%), as compared to 60% of YouTube videos. Both YouTube and TikTok videos scored low on PEMAT understandability. 98% of TikTok videos and 65% of YouTube videos were poor quality (DISCERN score <3). YouTube videos had higher actionability and quality than TikTok videos (P < .001) but did not differ on understandability (P = .769). 23% of TikTok and 11% YouTube videos had high misinformation (score >3). Commercial bias was present in 10% of TikTok and 19% of YouTube videos.
    CONCLUSION: Actionability, understandability, and quality for OAB-related content is poor on YouTube and TikTok. With increasing access to social media, it is important that healthcare providers and organizations invest resources in patient education on health literacy.
    Keywords:  TikTok; YouTube (6/6); female urology; overactive bladder; social determinants; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/UPJ.0000000000000423
  12. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 May 31. pii: S0165-5876(23)00147-7. [Epub ahead of print]171 111580
    Evaluating YouTube as a source of patient information for pediatric tracheostomy care.
    Yasar Kemal Duymaz, Şamil Şahin, Burak Erkmen, Tuğçe Uzar, Serap Önder.
       OBJECTIVES: To evaluate YouTube's usefulness as a source of information concerning pediatric tracheostomy care.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: On August 10, 2022, the top 50 YouTube search results for "pediatric tracheostomy care" were displayed. Each video was evaluated by a jury of three otolaryngologists with at least 2 years of professional experience in pediatric otolaryngology using DISCERN, scoring system of Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), and the Global Quality Score (GQS).
    RESULTS: After exclusion criteria 24 videos were evaluated. Fifteen of the evaluated videos were produced by health professionals, and the other nine videos were produced by independent users. The average duration of the videos were 337.5 s, varying between 82 s and 1364 s. The average Discern score of videos produced by health professionals was 38.9 ± 13, compared to 36.6 ± 14 for independent users. The mean JAMA score was 1.04 ± 0.68 for health professionals and 1.11 ± 0.94 for independent users. The GQS score was 2.82 ± 0.73 for health professionals and 3.19 ± 0.84 for independent users. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for Discern, JAMA, and GQS scoring.
    CONCLUSION: YouTube does not seem to be a good option for parents to get useful information about pediatric tracheostomy care at this time. Health professionals should provide websites with high-quality materials to improve awareness of pediatric tracheostomy care.
    Keywords:  Discern; GQS; JAMA; Pediatric tracheotomy care; Video analysis; YouTube
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2023.111580
  13. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2023 Jun 18. pii: 26011. [Epub ahead of print]
    Quality of free gingival graft content in youtube videos: Usability in patient information and student education.
    S-O Bulut, N-O Ercel.
       BACKGROUND: The aim of our study is to evaluate the usability of the Free Gingival Graft (FGG) procedure, which is included in YouTube videos, in both patient information and student education.
    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was performed on YouTube on December 1, in 2022, using the search term ''Free Gingival Graft''. First 150 videos were pre-evaluated, and 67 videos were included in the study. The length of the videos, the number of views, the number of likes, the presence of animation and the number of months after uploading were evaluated. The quality of the videos was evaluated and analyzed with The Global Quality Score (GQS), Usefulness Score (US) and The Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) scores.
    RESULTS: A positive correlation was found between viewer interaction, video duration and quality scores. The median values of the quality scores were 2 for the GQS, 2 for the JAMA score and 1 for the Usefulness score. The level of quality scores was found to be insufficient (poor quality). There is a high level, positive and statistically significant correlation between the GQS and the Usefulness score (r=0.858 and p<0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: YouTube videos containing the FGG procedure were found to be insufficient for both student education and patient information purposes.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.26011
  14. JMIR Infodemiology. 2023 Jun 23. 3 e40802
    Content Quality of YouTube Videos About Pain Management After Cesarean Birth: Content Analysis.
    Natalie A Squires, Elizabeth Soyemi, Lynn M Yee, Eleanor M Birch, Nevert Badreldin.
       BACKGROUND: YouTube is an increasingly common source of health information; however, the reliability and quality of the information are inadequately understood. Several studies have evaluated YouTube as a resource during pregnancy and found the available information to be of poor quality. Given the increasing attention to postpartum health and the importance of promoting safe opioid use after birth, YouTube may be a source of information for birthing individuals. However, little is known about the available information on YouTube regarding postpartum pain.
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to systematically evaluate the quality of YouTube videos as an educational resource for postpartum cesarean pain management.
    METHODS: A systematic search of YouTube videos was conducted on June 25, 2021, using 36 postpartum cesarean pain management-related keywords, which were identified by clinical experts. The search replicated a default YouTube search via a public account. The first 60 results from each keyword search were reviewed, and unique videos were analyzed. An overall content score was developed based on prior literature and expert opinion to evaluate the video's relevance and comprehensiveness. The DISCERN instrument, a validated metric to assess consumer health information, was used to evaluate the reliability of video information. Videos with an overall content score of ≥5 and a DISCERN score of ≥39 were classified as high-quality health education resources. Descriptive analysis and intergroup comparisons by video source and quality were conducted.
    RESULTS: Of 73 unique videos, video sources included medical videos (n=36, 49%), followed by personal video blogs (vlogs; n=32, 44%), advertisements (n=3, 4%), and media (n=2, 3%). The average overall content score was 3.6 (SD 2.0) out of 9, and the average DISCERN score was 39.2 (SD 8.1) out of 75, indicating low comprehensiveness and fair information reliability, respectively. High-quality videos (n=22, 30%) most frequently addressed overall content regarding pain duration (22/22, 100%), pain types (20/22, 91%), return-to-activity instructions (19/22, 86%), and nonpharmacologic methods for pain control (19/22, 86%). There were differences in the overall content score (P=.02) by video source but not DISCERN score (P=.45). Personal vlogs had the highest overall content score at 4.0 (SD 2.1), followed by medical videos at 3.3 (SD 2.0). Longer video duration and a greater number of comments and likes were significantly correlated with the overall content score, whereas the number of video comments was inversely correlated with the DISCERN score.
    CONCLUSIONS: Individuals seeking information from YouTube regarding postpartum cesarean pain management are likely to encounter videos that lack adequate comprehensiveness and reliability. Clinicians should counsel patients to exercise caution when using YouTube as a health information resource.
    Keywords:  C-section; YouTube; accuracy; cesarean; cesarean section; credibility; education resource; educational video; health education; health information; health video; information quality; internet; maternal; pain; patient education; postnatal; postpartum; social media; systematic search; web-based video
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/40802
  15. Health Info Libr J. 2023 Jun 18.
    Parents of children with cancer require health literacy support to meet their information needs.
    Chai Eng Tan, Sie Chong Doris Lau, Zarina Abdul Latiff, Chee Chan Lee, Kok Hoi Teh, Sherina Mohd Sidik.
       BACKGROUND: Timely and relevant information helps parents to cope when a child is diagnosed with cancer. However, obtaining and understanding information is not a straightforward process for parents.
    OBJECTIVES: This article aims to explain paediatric cancer parents' information behaviour related to the care of their child.
    METHODS: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with fourteen Malaysian paediatric cancer parents and eight healthcare professionals who worked with paediatric cancer patients. Reflexivity and inductive approaches were used to interpret the data to identify meaningful themes and subthemes.
    RESULTS: Three themes about how paediatric cancer parents interact with information emerged: Acquiring information, internalising information, and using information. Information may be actively sought or passively acquired. Cognitive and affective aspects influence how information is internalised into meaningful knowledge. Knowledge then leads to further action including further information gathering.
    CONCLUSION: Paediatric cancer parents need health literacy support to meet their information needs. They require guidance in identifying and appraising suitable information resources. Development of suitable supporting materials is needed to facilitate parents' ability to comprehend information related to their child's cancer. Understanding parents' information behaviour could assist healthcare professionals in providing information support in the context of paediatric cancer.
    Keywords:  Asia, South East; children; health information needs; information seeking behaviour; parents; patient education; research, qualitative
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12491
  16. Health Info Libr J. 2023 Jun 20.
    Gaze movement analysis examined how people view and interact with health information on Facebook pages.
    Sue Yeon Syn.
       BACKGROUND: Gaze movement analysis is a human-computer interaction analysis method to assess time and viewing patterns of screen pages.
    AIMS/OBJECTIVES: This study examines Facebook users' health information viewing patterns and identifies social media interface factors that affect users' health information behaviour on Facebook. The findings of this study should help researchers and health information providers understand how Facebook is used, and how users might be appraising information viewed.
    METHODS: This study investigated gaze movement data collected from 48 participants while participants were viewing Facebook pages that presented health-related posts. Each session was designed to represent four health information sources and four health topics. Each session included an exit interview for a better interpretation of data.
    RESULTS: Participants spent the most time viewing the content of the posts, particularly post images. Findings revealed that users' viewing patterns differed when different health topics were presented, but not according to the type of information provider. However, the study showed that users check the Facebook page's banner to verify the health information provider's identity.
    CONCLUSION: This study indicates what health information consumers look for on Facebook when finding, appraising, and reacting to, or sharing health-related content.
    Keywords:  evaluation; health information needs; human-computer interaction; information seeking behaviour; information sources; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12497
  17. J Infect Dis. 2023 Jun 22. pii: jiad224. [Epub ahead of print]
    Lessons (machine) learned from COVID-19.
    Timothy Sullivan.
      Since COVID-19 first emerged over three years ago, more than 1200 articles have been written describing "lessons learned" from the pandemic. While these articles may contain valuable insights, reading them all would be impossible. A machine learning clustering analysis was therefore performed to obtain an overview of these publications and to highlight the benefits of using machine learning to analyze the vast and ever-growing COVID-19 literature.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; Machine learning; SARS-CoV-2; biomedical publishing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad224
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