bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2023–06–18
twenty papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society
  1. Discovering what patrons value in a consumer health library service using laddering interviews.
  2. Optimizing the literature search: coverage of included references in systematic reviews in Medline and Embase.
  3. The significance of the library's physical space: how COVID-19 impacted a consumer health service.
  4. The rise of intelligent research: how should artificial intelligence be assisting researchers in conducting medical literature searches?
  5. Domains of professional practice: analysis of publications in the Journal of the Medical Library Association from 2010 to 2019.
  6. 2022 Janet Doe Lecture, health science libraries in the emerging digital information era: charting the course.
  7. The public library was at the heart of my social mobility.
  8. Journal subscriptions in the changing landscape: Are they needed?
  9. Clinical reporting for personalized cancer genomics requires extensive access to subscription-only literature.
  10. Locating Medical Information during an Infodemic: Information Seeking Behavior and Strategies of Health-Care Workers in Germany.
  11. Searching for evidence in public health emergencies: a white paper of best practices.
  12. ChatGPT as a tool for conducting literature review for dry eye disease.
  13. Quality and Readability of Accessible Facial Feminization Literature: Where Can We Improve?
  14. Content, Readability, and Accountability of Online Health Information for Patients Regarding Blue Light and Impact on Ocular Health.
  15. Analysis of Trustworthiness and Readability of English and Spanish Hypo- and Hyperthyroid-Related Online Patient Education Information.
  16. What Our Patients and Their Families Are Reading: Quality and Readability of Internet Information About Electroconvulsive Therapy.
  17. Are dental x-rays safe? Content analysis of English and Chinese YouTube videos.
  18. Evaluation of the educational quality of publicly available online videos on laparoscopic jejunostomy by utilizing the LAP-VEGaS guidelines.
  19. Quality, Understandability and Reliability of YouTube Videos on Skin Cancer Screening.
  20. Evaluation of online video content related to reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a YouTube-based study.
  1. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 612-617
    Discovering what patrons value in a consumer health library service using laddering interviews.
    James Michael Lindsay, Courtney Wombles, David Petersen.
       Background: Librarians at Preston Medical Library sought to understand whether marketing research techniques could be adapted to libraries to better understand what patrons value. Specifically, this study sought to learn why patrons continue using a consumer health information service, develop insights to improve the service, and a methodology to use with other patron groups.
    Case Presentation: Librarian researchers conducted customer value research using laddering interviews, an interview technique utilized in marketing research to learn users' goals in using a product or service. The PML research team interviewed six frequent users of a medical library's consumer health information service. Researchers conducted laddering interviews, covering patron views of basic attributes of the service, leading on to consequences of their interaction with it, and finally discussing what they hoped to achieve in using the service. The results were visualized in customer value hierarchy diagrams, graphically showing relationships between valued attributes of a product or service, how the patron used it, and how that helped patrons achieve goals. This allowed the research team to identify which features of service contribute the most to patron satisfaction.
    Conclusion: Customer value learning utilizing laddering interviews enables librarians to see their service through the patrons' eyes, focusing on those aspects of the service that they view as most important. This study allowed librarians to learn that users desired to feel more in control of their health and gain peace of mind by obtaining trusted information. The library's work in providing information leads to self-empowerment for these patrons.
    Keywords:  Laddering interviews; customer value determination
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1495
  2. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 599-605
    Optimizing the literature search: coverage of included references in systematic reviews in Medline and Embase.
    Marita Heintz, Gyri Hval, Ragnhild Agathe Tornes, Nataliya Byelyey, Elisabet Hafstad, Gunn Eva Næss, Miriam Bakkeli.
       Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate if the included references in a set of completed systematic reviews are indexed in Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase, and how many references would be missed if we were to constrict our literature searches to one of these sources, or the two databases in combination.
    Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study where we searched for each included reference (n = 4,709) in 274 reviews produced by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health to find out if the references were indexed in the respective databases. The data was recorded in an Excel spreadsheet where we calculated the indexing rate. The reviews were sorted into eight categories to see if the indexing rate differs from subject to subject.
    Results: The indexing rate in MEDLINE (86.6%) was slightly lower than in Embase (88.2%). Without the MEDLINE records in Embase, the indexing rate in Embase was 71.8%. The highest indexing rate was achieved by combining both databases (90.2%). The indexing rate was highest in the category "Physical health - treatment" (97.4%). The category "Welfare" had the lowest indexing rate (58.9%).
    Conclusion: Our data reveals that 9.8% of the references are not indexed in either database. Furthermore, in 5% of the reviews, the indexing rate was 50% or lower.
    Keywords:  Embase; MEDLINE; Systematic reviews; cross-sectional study; databases; literature search
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1482
  3. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 606-611
    The significance of the library's physical space: how COVID-19 impacted a consumer health service.
    Kelsey L Grabeel, Cameron Watson, Alexandria Q Wilson.
       Background: During the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many consumer health libraries were forced to close their doors to patrons. At the Health Information Center in Knoxville, Tennessee, the physical space closed, while health information services continued to be provided via phone and email. To examine the impact of lack of access to a physical library for consumer health information, researchers analyzed the number of health information requests pre-COVID-19 pandemic compared to during the initial phase of the pandemic.
    Case Presentation: Data from an internal database was collected and analyzed. Researchers divided the data into three time periods: March 2018 to February 2019 (Phase 1), March 2019 to February 2020 (Phase 2), and March 2020 to February 2021 (Phase 3). Data was de-identified and duplicate entries were removed. The type of interaction and request topics were reviewed in each phase.
    Conclusion: In Phase 1, there were 535 walk-ins to request health information and 555 walk-ins in Phase 2. In Phase 3, there were 40 walk-ins. The number of requests through phone and email varied but remained steady. There was a 61.56% decrease in requests between Phase 1 and Phase 3 while there was a 66.27% decrease between Phase 2 and Phase 3 due to the lack of walk-in requests. The number of phone and email requests did not increase despite the closure of the physical library space to the public. Access to the physical space plays a significant role in providing health information requests to patients and family members.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; Consumer health information; hospital library; physical space
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1420
  4. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2023 Jun 08. pii: S1807-5932(23)00062-5. [Epub ahead of print]78 100226
    The rise of intelligent research: how should artificial intelligence be assisting researchers in conducting medical literature searches?
    Shankargouda Patil, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100226
  5. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 551-554
    Domains of professional practice: analysis of publications in the Journal of the Medical Library Association from 2010 to 2019.
    Holly J Thompson, Jill T Boruff, Roy Brown, Alexander J Carroll, John W Cyrus, Melanie J Norton, Katherine G Akers.
      The Medical Library Association (MLA) has defined 7 domain hubs aligning to different areas of information professional practice. To assess the extent to which content in the Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) is reflective of these domains, we analyzed the magnitude of JMLA articles aligning to each domain hub over the last 10 years. Bibliographic records for 453 articles published in JMLA from 2010 to 2019 were downloaded from Web of Science and screened using Covidence software. Thirteen articles were excluded during the title and abstract review because they failed to meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in 440 articles included in this review. The title and abstract of each article were screened by two reviewers, each of whom assigned the article up to two tags corresponding to MLA domain hubs (i.e., information services, information management, education, professionalism and leadership, innovation and research practice, clinical support, and health equity & global health). These results inform the MLA community about our strengths in health information professional practice as reflected by articles published in JMLA.
    Keywords:  MLA domain hubs; content analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1557
  6. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 555-565
    2022 Janet Doe Lecture, health science libraries in the emerging digital information era: charting the course.
    Michael Kronenfeld.
      The great challenge medical library professionals are facing is how we evolve and respond to the emerging digital era. If we successfully understand and adapt to the emerging digital information environment, medical librarians/Health Information Professionals (HIPs) can play an even greater role in the advance in the health care of our nation and its residents. The opportunities and challenges are at the level we successfully responded to in the late 1960's and the 1970's under the leadership of the National Library of Medicine with its MEDLARS/Medline programs and Medical Library Assistance Act which enabled medical libraries to enter what I have referred to as The Golden Age of Medical Libraries. In this presentation, I focused on the transition of the health-related print Knowledge-Based Information base to the emerging digital health-related ecosystem. I review how this transition is being driven by evolving information technology. The development of "data driven health care" built on this emerging information ecosystem is being led by the National Library of Medicine's 2017-2027 Strategic plan and the Medical Library Association's programs in support of developing medical librarian/HIP's training, skills, and services to support their users access and use of this rapidly expanding health information ecosystem. I then present a brief description of the digital health information ecosystem that is just starting to emerge and the emerging new roles and services HIPs and their libraries are developing to support effective institutional access and use.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1626
  7. BMJ. 2023 06 12. 381 1301
    The public library was at the heart of my social mobility.
    Raj S Bhopal.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.p1301
  8. Indian J Urol. 2023 Apr-Jun;39(2):39(2): 89-90
    Journal subscriptions in the changing landscape: Are they needed?
    Apul Goel.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4103/iju.iju_87_23
  9. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 579-590
    Clinical reporting for personalized cancer genomics requires extensive access to subscription-only literature.
    Schnell D'Souza, Gregory Downs, Shawn Hendrikx, Rouhi Fazelzad, Gabriel Boldt, Karen Burns, Darlene Chapman, Declan Dawes, Antonia Giannarakos, Lori Anne Oja, Risa Schorr, Maureen Babb, Amanda Hodgson, Jessica McEwan, Pamela Jacobs, Tracy Stockley, Tim Tripp, Ian King.
       Objective: Medical care for cancer is increasingly directed by genomic laboratory testing for alterations in the tumor genome that are significant for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Uniquely in medicine, providers must search the biomedical literature for each patient to determine the clinical significance of these alterations. Access to published scientific literature is frequently subject to high fees, with access limited to institutional subscriptions. We sought to investigate the degree to which the scientific literature is accessible to clinical cancer genomics providers, and the potential role of university and hospital system libraries in information access for cancer care.
    Methods: We identified 265 journals that were accessed during the interpretation and reporting of clinical test results from 1,842 cancer patients at the University Health Network (Toronto, Canada). We determined the degree of open access for this set of clinically important literature, and for any journals not available through open access we surveyed subscription access at seven academic hospital systems and at their affiliated universities.
    Results: This study found that nearly half (116/265) of journals have open access mandates that make articles freely available within one year of release. For the remaining subscription access journals, universities provided a uniformly high level of access, but access available through hospital system collections varied widely.
    Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of different modes of access to the use of the scientific literature in clinical practice and points to challenges that must be overcome as genomic medicine grows in scale and complexity.
    Keywords:  Cancer; genetics; health sciences library collections; oncology; open access; pathology; precision medicine; subscription access; university collections
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1572
  10. Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 30. pii: 1602. [Epub ahead of print]11(11):
    Locating Medical Information during an Infodemic: Information Seeking Behavior and Strategies of Health-Care Workers in Germany.
    Christopher Holzmann-Littig, David Stadler, Maria Popp, Peter Kranke, Falk Fichtner, Christoph Schmaderer, Lutz Renders, Matthias Christoph Braunisch, Tarek Assali, Louise Platen, Marjo Wijnen-Meijer, Julia Lühnen, Anke Steckelberg, Lisa Pfadenhauer, Bernhard Haller, Cornelia Fuetterer, Christian Seeber, Christian Schaaf, On Behalf Of The CEOsys Consortium.
       BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a flood of-often contradictory-evidence. HCWs had to develop strategies to locate information that supported their work. We investigated the information-seeking of different HCW groups in Germany.
    METHODS: In December 2020, we conducted online surveys on COVID-19 information sources, strategies, assigned trustworthiness, and barriers-and in February 2021, on COVID-19 vaccination information sources. Results were analyzed descriptively; group comparisons were performed using χ2-tests.
    RESULTS: For general COVID-19-related medical information (413 participants), non-physicians most often selected official websites (57%), TV (57%), and e-mail/newsletters (46%) as preferred information sources-physicians chose official websites (63%), e-mail/newsletters (56%), and professional journals (55%). Non-physician HCWs used Facebook/YouTube more frequently. The main barriers were insufficient time and access issues. Non-physicians chose abstracts (66%), videos (45%), and webinars (40%) as preferred information strategy; physicians: overviews with algorithms (66%), abstracts (62%), webinars (48%). Information seeking on COVID-19 vaccination (2700 participants) was quite similar, however, with newspapers being more often used by non-physicians (63%) vs. physician HCWs (70%).
    CONCLUSION: Non-physician HCWs more often consulted public information sources. Employers/institutions should ensure the supply of professional, targeted COVID-19 information for different HCW groups.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; HCW; emergency information; health-care workers; infodemic; information strategies
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111602
  11. J Med Libr Assoc. 2023 Apr 21. 111(1-2): 566-578
    Searching for evidence in public health emergencies: a white paper of best practices.
    Best Practices for Searching During Public Health Emergencies Working Group
       Objectives: Information professionals have supported medical providers, administrators and decision-makers, and guideline creators in the COVID-19 response. Searching COVID-19 literature presented new challenges, including the volume and heterogeneity of literature and the proliferation of new information sources, and exposed existing issues in metadata and publishing. An expert panel developed best practices, including recommendations, elaborations, and examples, for searching during public health emergencies.
    Methods: Project directors and advisors developed core elements from experience and literature. Experts, identified by affiliation with evidence synthesis groups, COVID-19 search experience, and nomination, responded to an online survey to reach consensus on core elements. Expert participants provided written responses to guiding questions. A synthesis of responses provided the foundation for focus group discussions. A writing group then drafted the best practices into a statement. Experts reviewed the statement prior to dissemination.
    Results: Twelve information professionals contributed to best practice recommendations on six elements: core resources, search strategies, publication types, transparency and reproducibility, collaboration, and conducting research. Underlying principles across recommendations include timeliness, openness, balance, preparedness, and responsiveness.
    Conclusions: The authors and experts anticipate the recommendations for searching for evidence during public health emergencies will help information specialists, librarians, evidence synthesis groups, researchers, and decision-makers respond to future public health emergencies, including but not limited to disease outbreaks. The recommendations complement existing guidance by addressing concerns specific to emergency response. The statement is intended as a living document. Future revisions should solicit input from a broader community and reflect conclusions of meta-research on COVID-19 and health emergencies.
    Keywords:  Collaboration; emergency response; information retrieval; methods; rapid review; systematic review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2023.1530
  12. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2023 Jun 15.
    ChatGPT as a tool for conducting literature review for dry eye disease.
    Swati Singh, Stephanie Watson.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14268
  13. Ann Plast Surg. 2023 06 01. 90(6): 533-537
    Quality and Readability of Accessible Facial Feminization Literature: Where Can We Improve?
    David P Alper, Mariana N Almeida, Heloise M De Baun, Joshua Z Glahn, Jean Carlo Rivera, Mica C G Williams, John L Collar, Vikram Mookerjee, John A Persing, Michael Alperovich.
       BACKGROUND: Facial feminization surgery (FFS) consists of multiple, complex procedures. Well-informed patients have been shown to have better outcomes and expectations. However, there is limited data evaluating FFS patient-oriented material online. This study aims to evaluate the quality and readability of FFS literature online.
    METHODS: Facial feminization surgery-related terms were queried in Google with location, cookies, and user account information disabled. Websites were analyzed for readability using Flesch Reading Ease and Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level, suitability using the suitability assessment of materials (SAM), and quality using the DISCERN scale. Unpaired t tests and χ2 tests were used to compare the websites of community-based and academic or public institutions.
    RESULTS: One hundred twenty websites met inclusion criteria (71 community-based and 49 academic). The average reading grade level was 11.68 ± 1.71. The average SAM score was 53.11 ± 11.75, denoting adequate readability. Only 16.67% of websites contained visual aids to assist in explaining procedures and benefits. Overall, 68.33% of websites' DISCERN score was rated very poor or poor, whereas only 8.33% were rated as good. The following DISCERN elements had the lowest scores across all graded websites: "clear source and date of information," "details of additional source of support," "refers to areas of uncertainty," and "describes risks of each treatment." Websites published by community-based institutions were significantly better in describing how FFS works and the benefits of each procedure. Academic sites overall were less biased (4.84 vs 4.62, P = 0.03) and provided additional sources of support (2.35 vs 1.32, P = <0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: Online FFS patient resources should be written at a more inclusive reading level and should increase the use of pictorial aids to improve patient comprehension. Facial feminization surgery patient resources were significantly above the recommended sixth grade reading level for health literature. Academic and community-based institutions should include more information about procedural risks and limitations in surgical outcomes to ensure a broader scope of understanding.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/SAP.0000000000003569
  14. Cureus. 2023 May;15(5): e38715
    Content, Readability, and Accountability of Online Health Information for Patients Regarding Blue Light and Impact on Ocular Health.
    Parth Patel, Prem Patel, Harris Ahmed, Sila Bal, Grayson Armstrong, Jayanth Sridhar.
      Objective To evaluate the quality and readability of online health content regarding the ocular health effects of blue light. Methods Five commercial and five non-commercial websites with content regarding the ocular effect of blue light were examined. Quality evaluations were conducted using a 14-question assessment composed by the authors and the 16-question DISCERN instrument. Website accountability was evaluated via the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks. Readability was determined using an online tool (Readable). Correlational and comparative analyses were conducted where appropriate. Results The average questionnaire score was 84 (standard deviation [SD] ± 17.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 77.32-90.68) out of 136 points (61.8%). Significant differences in quality were identified between websites (p = 0.02), with Healthline achieving the highest score. Compared to commercial websites, non-commercial websites trended toward having significantly higher median questionnaire scores (p = 0.06). Zero websites achieved all four JAMA benchmarks. The average reading grade level of content was 10.43 (SD ± 1.15, 95% CI 9.60 - 11.25), with differences between websites trending toward significance (p = 0.09). There was no correlation between resource readability and quality (ρ = 0.28; p = 0.43) or accountability (ρ = 0.47; p = 0.17). Conclusions There remain substantial deficiencies in the quality, accountability, and readability of online content concerning the effect of blue light on ocular health. Clinicians and patients must recognize such issues when recommending and consuming these resources.
    Keywords:  blue light; health communication; health education; patient education; readability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38715
  15. J Patient Exp. 2023 ;10 23743735231179063
    Analysis of Trustworthiness and Readability of English and Spanish Hypo- and Hyperthyroid-Related Online Patient Education Information.
    Chitra Parikh, Adam M Ostrovsky.
      This study aims to determine the readability and trustworthiness of English and Spanish hypo- and hyperthyroid-related online information. Google searches were conducted for four search terms: hypothyroidism, Hashimoto's Disease, hyperthyroidism, and Graves' Disease. For each search term, the first 10 websites were analyzed with a total of 40 websites analyzed. Readability formulas were used to determine English and Spanish readability. Trustworthiness was determined using HONcode status, JAMA Benchmark Criteria, and NLM Trustworthy Score. Overall readability largely exceeded recommended grade levels. Only 1 website (2.5%) presented information below the eighth-grade reading level based on overall Readability Consensus score, while 31 websites (77.5%) exceeded this threshold for all measures. The mean (SD) English readability grade level was 9.6 (3.44); the mean (SD) Spanish grade was 8.5 (4.58). No significant relationships were found between the JAMA Benchmark Criteria, NLM Trustworthy Score, HONcode status, and readability. 67.5% of websites analyzed (n = 27) were certified with the Health on the Net Foundation's code of conduct. Websites about common thyroid-related conditions have overall poor readability. The availability of resources for Spanish-speaking patients is also poor. Steps should be taken to ensure that online health-related materials are comprehensible. Physicians should recognize that patients may have few trustworthy and easy-to-understand sources to access information. The readability and trustworthiness of sources should be considered when providing patients suggested sources for further reading. It may be particularly helpful for physicians to utilize websites with favorable readability scores such as the American Thyroid Association website.
    Keywords:  Hashimoto's; graves’; health literacy; hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism; readability; trustworthiness
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/23743735231179063
  16. J ECT. 2023 May 12.
    What Our Patients and Their Families Are Reading: Quality and Readability of Internet Information About Electroconvulsive Therapy.
    Okan Ekinci.
       OBJECTIVES: The Internet is now more widely used than before by psychiatric patients and their families to search for medical conditions and treatments. To our knowledge, no study has addressed the quality and readability of online information about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We aimed to examine the quality and readability of English-language Internet information related to ECT.
    METHODS: An advanced search of Internet Web sites containing information about ECT was conducted by using the search term "ECT or electroconvulsive therapy." The resulting Web sites were categorized into 1 of 3 categories (commercial, nonprofit, or professional organizations). Their quality was evaluated using Health on the Net code certification, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the DISCERN tool. The readability of the Web sites was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and Gunning Fog indexes.
    RESULTS: A total of 86 Web sites were included in the analysis. Of all these Web sites, 18 (20.9%) had a Health on the Net code certificate, and 16 (18.6%) were accepted as high quality (JAMA total score ≥3). The commercial Web sites had significantly lower DISCERN and JAMA benchmark scores compared with the other Web sites. A total of 30.23% of all the Web sites reached the recommended readability level (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Formula ≤ 8). Moreover, only 4 scored at the grade 5 to 6 reading level, which is considered ideal for patient educational materials.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that both the quality and readability of online information about ECT are not at the desired level. Physicians, patients, and their families should consider this failure in relation to online information about ECT. In addition, Web site creators and health authorities should be aware of their responsibilities for providing quality and readable health information to the public.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/YCT.0000000000000933
  17. Digit Health. 2023 Jan-Dec;9:9 20552076231179053
    Are dental x-rays safe? Content analysis of English and Chinese YouTube videos.
    Andy Wai Kan Yeung, Emil D Parvanov, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Maria Kletecka-Pulker, Oliver Kimberger, Harald Willschke, Atanas G Atanasov.
       Objective: This study provided a content analysis of English and Chinese YouTube videos related to dental radiation safety.
    Method: The search string, entered in English and Chinese respectively, was: (dental x-ray safe). The searches were performed and exported with Apify YouTube scraper. By screening the resultant videos and their related videos (as recommended by YouTube), a total of 89 videos were screened. Finally, 45 videos (36 English and nine Chinese) were included and analyzed. The specific information regarding dental radiation was evaluated. The Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials was used to assess understandability and actionability.
    Results: There was no significant difference between the English and Chinese videos in terms of view count, like count, comment count, and video duration. Half of the videos explicitly reassured the audience that dental x-rays are safe. Two of the English videos specifically stated that dental x-rays do not cause cancers. Numerous analogies were made in regard to radiation dose, such as equivalence to taking a flight or eating some bananas. About 41.7% of the English videos and 33.3% of the Chinese videos mentioned that patients could be further protected from scatter radiation by wearing a lead apron and thyroid collar. Videos had a good understandability score (91.3) but a poor actionability score (0).
    Conclusions: Some of the analogies and the claimed radiation dose were questionable. One Chinese video even wrongly stated that dental x-rays are nonionizing radiation. The videos generally did not mention their information sources or the underlying radiation protection principles.
    Keywords:  ALARA; YouTube; health; information; internet; media; quality; radiation safety
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076231179053
  18. Surg Endosc. 2023 Jun 12.
    Evaluation of the educational quality of publicly available online videos on laparoscopic jejunostomy by utilizing the LAP-VEGaS guidelines.
    Jeffrey L Roberson, Armaun D Rouhi, Amanda L Bader, William S Yi, Noel N Williams, Jon B Morris, Kristoffel R Dumon.
       BACKGROUND: Despite its common nature, there is no data on the educational quality of publicly available laparoscopic jejunostomy training videos. The LAParoscopic surgery Video Educational GuidelineS (LAP-VEGaS) video assessment tool, released in 2020, has been developed to ensure that teaching videos are of appropriate quality. This study applies the LAP-VEGaS tool to currently available laparoscopic jejunostomy videos.
    METHODS: A retrospective review of YouTube® videos was conducted for "laparoscopic jejunostomy." Included videos were rated by three independent investigators using LAP-VEGaS video assessment tool (0-18). Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to evaluate differences in LAP-VEGaS scores between video categories and date of publication relative to 2020. Spearman's correlation test was performed to measure association between scores and length, number of views and likes.
    RESULTS: 27 unique videos met selection criteria. Academic and physician video walkthroughs did not demonstrate a significant difference in median scores (9.33 IQR 6.33, 14.33 vs. 7.67 IQR 4, 12.67, p = 0.3951). Videos published after 2020 demonstrated higher median scores than those published before 2020 (13 IQR 7.5, 14.67 vs. 5 IQR 3, 9.67, p = 0.0081). A majority of videos failed to provide patient position (52%), intraoperative findings (56%), operative time (63%), graphic aids (74%), and audio/written commentary (52%). A positive association was demonstrated between scores and number of likes (rs = 0.59, p = 0.0011) and video length (rs = 0.39, p = 0.0421), but not number of views (rs = 0.17, p = 0.3991).
    CONCLUSION: The majority of available YouTube® videos on laparoscopic jejunostomy fail to meet the basic educational needs of surgical trainees, and there is no difference between those produced by academic centers or independent physicians. However, there has been improvement in video quality following the release of the scoring tool. Standardization of laparoscopic jejunostomy training videos with the LAP-VEGaS score can ensure that videos are of appropriate educational value with logical structure.
    Keywords:  Enteral access; Jejunostomy; LAP-VEGaS; Laparoscopy; Surgical education
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-023-10165-z
  19. J Cancer Educ. 2023 Jun 15.
    Quality, Understandability and Reliability of YouTube Videos on Skin Cancer Screening.
    German Skin Cancer Council
      In 2008, a nationwide skin cancer screening (SCS) program was implemented in Germany. However, participation rates remain low. YouTube videos on SCS might educate eligible persons to undergo SCS. Until now, no scientific evaluation of the quality of videos available for German-speaking persons eligible for SCS has been performed. Here, we identified and evaluated videos on SCS provided on YouTube. YouTube was searched in May 2022 for German terms related to SCS. Two authors evaluated the videos of the first three pages that met the predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of the videos´ information was evaluated using DISCERN and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). The understandability and actionability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT). The reliability was assessed with the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) score. Subgroup differences were identified by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Overall, 38 videos were included in the evaluation. Most videos were provided by health professionals (clinics and practices). The average scores (mean (SD)) for the individual tools were as follows: DISCERN 3.1/5 points (± 0.52), GQS 3.72/5 points (± 0.7), understandability 64,27% (± 13.53%), actionability 58.22% (± 15.18%), JAMA 37.17% (± 18.94%). These results indicate a mediocre to good understandability, a mediocre quality and actionability, and a low reliability. Videos that were assessed as useful were of significantly better quality. An improvement of freely available informational videos on SCS, especially with regard to the reliability criteria, is urgently needed.
    Keywords:  Health promotion; Internet; Patient information; Quality; Reliability; Shared decision-making; Skin cancer; Skin cancer screening; Videos
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-023-02320-w
  20. Clin Shoulder Elb. 2023 Jun;26(2): 162-168
    Evaluation of online video content related to reverse shoulder arthroplasty: a YouTube-based study.
    Mohamad Y Fares, Jonathan Koa, Peter Boufadel, Jaspal Singh, Amar S Vadhera, Joseph A Abboud.
       BACKGROUND: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has evolved continuously over recent years, with expanded indications and better outcomes. YouTube is one of the most popular sources globally for health-related information available to patients. Evaluating the reliability of YouTube videos concerning RSA is important to ensure proper patient education.
    METHODS: YouTube was queried for the term "reverse shoulder replacement." The first 50 videos were evaluated using three different scores: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, the global quality score (GQS), and the reverse shoulder arthroplasty-specific score (RSAS). Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the presence of a relationship between video characteristics and quality scores.
    RESULTS: The average number of views was 64,645.78±264,160.9 per video, and the average number of likes was 414 per video. Mean JAMA, GQS, and RSAS scores were 2.32±0.64, 2.31±0.82, and 5.53±2.43, respectively. Academic centers uploaded the highest number of videos, and surgical techniques/approach videos was the most common video content. Videos with lecture content predicted higher JAMA scores whereas videos uploaded by industry predicted lower RSAS scores.
    CONCLUSIONS: Despite its massive popularity, YouTube videos provide a low quality of information on RSA. Introducing a new editorial review process or developing a new platform for patients' medical education may be necessary. Level of evidence: Not applicable.
    Keywords:   Online information; Quality appraisal; Video content; Education
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5397/cise.2022.01452
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