bims-librar 2023-03-05 papers

bims-librar

Biomed News

on Biomedical librarianship

Issue of 2023–03–05
28 papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society

Come aboard the Magnet Journey.
Effects of Library Workshop Attendance and Library Website Visit Frequency on Health Professions Students' LibGuides Awareness.
Open Data and the 2023 NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy.
Medical librarians and little free libraries: Connecting rural communities to health information.
Trends in…The Importance of Amplifying Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Academic Health Sciences Libraries.
COVID-19 and Innovation in Medical Library Services: A Scoping Review of Case Studies.
Evaluation of References Supporting Hospital Pharmacy Policies.
How to structure Microsoft Excel documents for systematic reviews.
The "Other" Informatics: Education and Training.
Trial lay summaries were not fit for purpose.
Evaluating the readability of online testosterone search results.
Reducing the Use of Complex Words and Reducing Sentence Length to <15 Words Improves Readability of Patient Education Materials Regarding Sports Medicine Knee Injuries.
A mixed methods study investigating sources of fertility and reproductive health information in the UK.
The Complexity of Online Patient Education Materials About Interventional Neuroradiology Procedures Published by Major Academic Institutions.
Readability of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Patient Education Tool.
Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Obtain Information From Low-Quality Sources Online and Are Most Interested in Conservative Treatment and Expected Recovery.
Online Health Information for Penile Prosthesis Implants Lacks Quality and Is Unreadable to the Average US Patient.
The Quality and Readability of Online Patient Information on Positional Head Shape Conditions.
Does YouTube offer high-quality ınformation? Evaluation of patient experience videos after orthognathic surgery.
How high is the quality of the videos about children's elbow fractures on Youtube?
Evaluating YouTube videos on sialendoscopy as an educational resource for patients.
Analysis of the most viewed Hindi YouTube videos on breast cancer.
Predictors of online health information seeking behaviour of non-medical undergraduate students might vary.
Health information seeking behaviour and decision making by patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: A qualitative study.
Chronic Diseases and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Online Health Information Seeking and Using Social Networking Sites: Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Survey in Japan.
The popularisation of self-care: Tracing the dissemination of Orem's Self-Care Deficiency Nursing Theory into the scientific disciplines.
Social Media, Misinformation, and Online Patient Education in Emergency General Surgical Procedures.
Commentary: Evaluation of the Educational Quality of the Top 30 Most Viewed Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Videos on YouTube by Tan et al.

Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 38-46

Come aboard the Magnet Journey.

Helen-Ann Brown Epstein.

  In 2007, Diane Ream Rourke published in this journal, the history and explanation for Baptist Hospital in Florida to include its library on its successful Magnet journey. This article draws heavily from American Nursing Credentialing Center (ANCC) Magnet Information pages. It begins with a quick review of the history of the Program, further suggestions for a librarian's contribution to obtain Magnet Recognition and a brief current literature review on the values Magnet Recognition brings to a hospital's economics, patient care, and nursing staff. The quick history review and suggestions on the librarian contribution to the Magnet journey are based on an invited CE course by this author. The literature review on the values Magnet Recognition brings to a hospital's economics, patient care, and nursing staff was part of a presentation this author prepared for the Chief of Nursing. This author was a Magnet Champion and Magnet exemplar when Virtua Health first earned its first Magnet designation.

Keywords:  Forces of magnetism; global issues; hospitals; library; magnet

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2160130
Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 16-30

Effects of Library Workshop Attendance and Library Website Visit Frequency on Health Professions Students' LibGuides Awareness.

John Carey, Ajatshatru A J Pathak, Sarah C Johnson.

  This research article examines data from an in-person 2017 survey on LibGuides usage, perceptions, and awareness of health professions students seeking bachelor and graduate-level degrees. Almost 45% (n = 20, N = 45) of participants who visited the library's website at least once per week indicated awareness of library-created LibGuides. Nearly 90% (n = 8, N = 9) of health professions students who had not visited the library's website were unaware of the guides. The statistical analysis shows significant associations between various variables (academic level, library workshop attendance, research guide type usage, research guide page usage) and library guide awareness. The data did not reveal any significant relationships between other variables (undergraduate class level, field of study, and library website visit frequency) and guide awareness. The authors discuss implications for health sciences libraries and suggestions for future research.

Keywords:  Health professions students; information literacy; information needs; nursing students; subject guides

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2160121
Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 71-78

Open Data and the 2023 NIH Data Management and Sharing Policy.

Tariq Rahaman.

As the largest public funder of biomedical research in the world, the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) new Data Management and Sharing (DMS) Policy is a large step toward shifting the culture of medical research toward a broader sharing of scientific data. Librarians in the health sciences support researchers by assisting with data management plans, research dissemination, abiding by publisher/grant requirements on data sharing, and suggesting recommended repositories for data preservation. This article will serve as a primer on open data, data sharing, the NIH's DMS Policy and its implications, and how librarians can support researchers in this landscape.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2168103
Health Info Libr J. 2023 Feb 28.

Medical librarians and little free libraries: Connecting rural communities to health information.

Kelsey Leonard Grabeel, Alexandria Quesenberry Wilson.

   BACKGROUND: Consumer health libraries connect communities to reliable and accurate health information while Little Free Libraries (LFL) provide communities globally with access to free books with a 'take one leave one' type policy.
OBJECTIVES: To discuss how medical librarians used already established LFLs as outreach opportunities to provide consumer health books to rural locations in East Tennessee's Appalachia region in the United States.
METHODS: Researchers reviewed the population's literacy levels, the Index of Medical Underservice scores, and the availability of established LFLs. Twenty-two established LFL locations were selected and one new LFL was built for an eye clinic. Eleven health books were purchased for each established LFL, and 33 books were purchased for the new LFL.
RESULTS: Researchers went back to each location 5 months after delivery. 90% of the books were taken from the already established LFLs. Ten books were taken from the new LFL.
DISCUSSION: Using already established LFLs is a great opportunity to provide relevant health information to rural communities. The new LFL allowed for a partnership between the library and a rural eye clinic.
CONCLUSION: By distributing health books to already established LFLs, researchers brought relevant health information books to rural and medically underserved communities.

Keywords:  consumer health information; demography; health literacy; librarians, medical; library collection development; library outreach

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12478
Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 59-68

Trends in…The Importance of Amplifying Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Academic Health Sciences Libraries.

LaVentra E Danquah, Michelle B Bass, Kelly McGlothen-Bell.

Formalizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) principles and practices in health sciences libraries should be an organizational goal. Organizations should strive to build and sustain a culture of equity and inclusion in which diversity is integrated into their core operations. Health sciences libraries should design systems, policies, procedures, and practices that align with and support these principles in collaboration with partners and stakeholders that share these values. The authors used DEI terminology to search the websites of various health sciences libraries for DEI-related job posts, committee work, and activities as a source of information on the present level of DEI activity in health sciences libraries.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2160137
Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 1-15

COVID-19 and Innovation in Medical Library Services: A Scoping Review of Case Studies.

Morteza Amraei, Ehsan Geraei, Mohammadreza Hashemian, Fatemeh Ghassabi, Firoozeh Zare-Farashbandi.

  The services of medical libraries and information centers has changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to identify the innovative services of medical libraries and information centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this scoping review, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, ProQuest, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (LISTA) databases were searched to identify case studies and case series. After screening the identified studies, 18 studies were selected. The results showed that the main users of medical libraries and information centers during COVID-19 were health care providers and recipients, researchers, organizational staff, and ordinary library users. Innovative services during the COVID-19 were also provided in these libraries, including distance education services, virtual information services, virtual guidelines, providing information resources, and evidence-based response to treatment teams. To provide these new services, medical libraries used traditional, semi-traditional, and modern information and communication technologies such as telephone, email, online library platforms, e-learning, and social networks. Medical libraries and information centers changed the way they provide services in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. Analyzing the services provided during this period can provide a model for policymakers, and medical librarians and information professionals to improve their services. The information presented here can be used to inform library services during future, similarly critical situations.

Keywords:  COVID-19; libraries; library services; medical libraries

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2160129
Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 31-37

Evaluation of References Supporting Hospital Pharmacy Policies.

Bianca Aprilliano, Christopher Giuliano, Jason B Reed, Pramodini Kale-Pradhan.

  There is a lack of research evaluating the role of references in hospital policies. The goal of this study was to describe the type of literature used as a reference in medication policies and evaluate the agreement of the policy with evidence-based guidelines. One hundred forty-seven pharmacy owned policies met inclusion criteria; 27.2% of the policies contained references, in which tertiary literature was the most frequently cited source (90%), followed by primary (47.5%), and lastly secondary (27.5%). When references were used, all policies agreed with current guidelines. For policies without references, 3.7% disagreed with published guidelines. Disagreement with guidelines may negatively impact patient care, therefore health systems should incorporate librarians into clinical policy development and review to ensure the best available evidence is incorporated into polices.

Keywords:  Evidence-based medicine; health policy; pharmacy; policy

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2160119
Nurse Res. 2023 Mar 01.

How to structure Microsoft Excel documents for systematic reviews.

Lea Godino.

   BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews are complex and involve time-consuming, deep research in the academic literature to search, extract data, assess their quality and report the results. Digital tools and software have been developed to simplify different phases of this process but some of these are not free to use. Microsoft Excel is typically accessible to a great many researchers free of charge, so using it involves no further costs.
AIM: To explain how to use Microsoft Excel to create transparent and complete reports for systematic reviews.
DISCUSSION: The author's method includes six steps: downloading the references, preparing worksheets, removing any duplicate references, screening the references by title and abstract, screening the full text of references, and listing the articles for inclusion in the review.
CONCLUSION: The Excel method is efficient and free and can produce transparent and complete reports of systematic reviews. It is a valid alternative to the systematic reviews produced by advanced tools and software.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The documents produced by this method are a good source for the direct production of scientific texts.

Keywords:  audit; data analysis; data collection; literature search; methodology; research; systematic review

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2023.e1866
Med Ref Serv Q. 2023 Jan-Mar;42(1):42(1): 79-87

The "Other" Informatics: Education and Training.

Catherine Pepper.

  This column describes in further detail the wider field of health informatics and identifies several avenues for gaining credentials and training for potential employers.

Keywords:  Informatics education; job qualifications

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/02763869.2023.2168387
J Clin Epidemiol. 2023 Mar 01. pii: S0895-4356(23)00043-4. [Epub ahead of print]

Trial lay summaries were not fit for purpose.

Frances Shiely, Anna Daly.

   OBJECTIVES: To establish if trial lay summaries are suitable for lay readers.
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A random sample of 60 RCT reports (15%) from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Journals Library, UK, were selected from 407 available. We extracted the lay summary and determined the readability using the previously validated Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simplified Measure of Gobbledegook (SMOG), Gunning Fog (GF), Coleman-Liau Index (CLI), and Automated Readability Index (ARI) readability scales. This provided us with a reading age. We also assessed the compatibility of the lay summaries with the Plain English UK Guidelines and the National Adult Literacy Agency Guidelines, Ireland.
RESULTS: No lay summary met the recommended reading age for health care information of 11-12 years. None of them were considered 'easy' to read, in fact over 85% were considered 'difficult' to read.
CONCLUSIONS: The lay summary is a key document for disseminating trial results to a broad population who may not necessarily have the medical or technical jargon to read a trial report. Its importance cannot be overstated. Assessing readability in conjunction with plain language guidelines is relatively easy and therefore an immediate change to practice is feasible. However, since specific skills are required to write lay summaries that meet the required standards, it is important that the need for such expertise is recognised and supported by research funders.

Keywords:  Communication; Lay Summaries; Plain English; Readability; Trials

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2023.02.023
Int J Impot Res. 2023 Mar 02.

Evaluating the readability of online testosterone search results.

Raymond Pominville, Kimberly Tay, Michael Callegari, Evonne Pei, Erhan Sarica, Erin Jesse, Megan Prunty, Aram Loeb, Nannan Thirumavalavan, Ramy Abou Ghayda.

With the budding interest in testosterone therapy (TTh), online health information plays a significant role in patients' health care decisions. Therefore, we evaluated the source and readability of web-based information available to patients regarding TTh on Google. From Google search terms "Testosterone Therapy" and "Testosterone Replacement", 77 unique sources were identified. Sources were categorized as Academic, Commercial, Institutional, or Patient Support, then evaluated using validated readability and English language text assessment tools: the Flesch Reading Ease score, Flesch Kincade, Gunning Fog, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Coleman-Liau Index and Automated Readability index. The average grade level for understanding academic sources was 16 (college senior); commercial, institutional, and patient support sources were 13 (college freshman); 8 and 5 grade levels, respectively, above the average U.S. adult. Patient support sources were most prevalent, while commercial sources were the least at 35 and 14%, respectively. The average reading ease score was 36.8, indicative of difficult-to-read material overall. These results indicate that the most immediate online sources for TTh information exceed the average reading level of most adults within the U.S., hence more effort should be taken to publish accessible and readable material to improve patient health literacy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-023-00682-9
Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2023 Feb;5(1): e1-e9

Reducing the Use of Complex Words and Reducing Sentence Length to <15 Words Improves Readability of Patient Education Materials Regarding Sports Medicine Knee Injuries.

Stefan J Hanish, Nathan Cherian, John Baumann, Samuel D Gieg, Steven DeFroda.

Purpose: To develop a standardized method to improve readability of orthopaedic patient education materials (PEMs) without diluting their critical content by reducing the use of complex words (≥3 syllables) and shortening sentence length to ≤15 words.
Methods: OrthoInfo, a patient education website developed by the Academy of American Orthopedic Surgeons, was queried for PEMs relevant to the care of athletic injuries of the knee. Inclusion criteria were PEMs that were unique, pertained to topics of knee pathology in sports medicine, and written in a prose format. Exclusion criteria were information presented in video or slideshow format, or topics not pertaining to knee pathology in sports medicine. Readability of PEMs was evaluated using 7 unique readability formulas before and after applying a standardized method to improve readability while preserving critical content (reducing the use of ≥3 syllable words and ensuring sentence length is ≤15 words). Paired samples t-tests were conducted to assess the relationship between reading levels of the original PEMs and reading level of edited PEMs.
Results: Reading levels differed significantly between the 22 original PEMs and edited PEMs across all 7 readability formulas (P < .01). Mean Flesch Kincaid Grade Level of original PEMs (9.8 ± 1.4) was significantly increased compared to that of edited PEMs (6.4 ± 1.1) (P = 1.9 × 10-13). 4.0% of original PEMs met National Institutes of Health recommendations of a sixth-grade reading level compared with 48.0% of modified PEMs.
Conclusions: A standardized method that reduces the use of ≥3 syllable words and ensures sentence length is ≤15 words significantly reduces the reading-grade level of PEMs for sports-related knee injuries. Orthopaedic organizations and institutions should apply this simple standardized method when creating PEMs to enhance health literacy.
Clinical Relevance: The readability of PEMs is important when communicating technical material to patients. While many studies have suggested strategies to improve the readability of PEMs, literature describing the benefit of these proposed changes is scarce. The information from this study details a simple standardized method to use when creating PEMs that may enhance health literacy and improve patient outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2022.10.004
Sex Reprod Healthc. 2023 Feb 20. pii: S1877-5756(23)00016-2. [Epub ahead of print]36 100826

A mixed methods study investigating sources of fertility and reproductive health information in the UK.

B Grace, J Shawe, J Stephenson.

   OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the different sources used by individuals when seeking fertility information in order to understand what's working, what isn't, and opportunities for improvement.
METHODS: A mixed-method study was conducted via UK-wide cross-sectional survey and semi-structured interviews. 1082 survey-participants were recruited nationwide via online-newspaper and social-media adverts. Of those who agreed to follow-up interview, 35 were purposively sampled to reflect the diversity of gender, age-range, ethnicity and education. Tableau software was used for surveys and NVIVO for interviews. Interview data was transcribed and analysed via thematic framework analysis.
RESULTS: Sources of information identified included: school-education; healthcare-professionals; internet, social-media, smartphone-apps, online-forums and blogs; family, friends, and communities; books, magazines, newspapers; fertility-products; workplace, communities and sexual-health clinics/centres, charities, and third-party organisations. Participants reported varying levels of access, reliability, and trust, in relation to these sources. Interview themes around veracity showed that healthcare-professionals were highly trusted but not easily accessible. The internet was very popular due to accessibility and perceived anonymity but untrusted, and "the plethora of information can be overwhelming." There were recurring themes around discomfort. A respondent recalled that her first discussion of sex with her mother was on her wedding night stating, "…Mum, I'm 28! And you're just discussing this with me now?"
CONCLUSIONS: School education remains a consistent but sometimes inadequate source of fertility information. In addition to online-platforms and products based on robust scientific evidence, opportunities for improvement include using underexploited sources, such as workplace and community settings, with training for providers.

Keywords:  Education; Fertility; Fertility awareness; Mixed Methods; Psychosocial; Sources of information

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2023.100826
Cureus. 2023 Jan;15(1): e34233

The Complexity of Online Patient Education Materials About Interventional Neuroradiology Procedures Published by Major Academic Institutions.

Assala Aslan, Basel Musmar, Ahmed Mamilly, Amro Saad Aldine, Luis De Alba, Octavio Arevalo, Chaitanya Ahuja, Hugo H Cuellar.

  Introduction Health literacy is an independent predictor of population health status and is directly related to the readability of available patient education material. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the American Medical Association have recommended that patient education materials (PEMs) be written between a fourth- and a sixth-grade education level. The authors assessed the readability of online PEMs about neurointerventional procedures that have been published by several academic institutions across the US. Methods Online PEMs regarding five common neurointerventional procedures, including mechanical thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion, cerebral diagnostic angiography, carotid artery stenting, endovascular aneurysm embolization, and epidural steroid injection collected from the websites of 20 top institutions in Neurology and Neurosurgery. The materials were assessed via five readability scales and then were statistically analyzed and compared to non-institutional education websites (Wikipedia.com and WebMD.com). Results None of the PEMs were written at or below the NIH's recommended 6th-grade reading level. The average educational level required to comprehend the texts across all institutions, as assessed by the readability scales, was 10-11th grade level. Some materials required a college-level education or higher. Material from non-institutional websites had significantly lower readability scores compared to the 20 institutions. Conclusions Current PEMs related to neurointerventional procedures are not written at or below the NIH's recommended fourth- to sixth-grade education level. Given the complexity of those procedures, significant attention should be pointed toward an improvement in the available online materials.

Keywords:  education; interventional; patient; radiology; readability

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34233
J Orthop Trauma. 2023 Feb 28.

Readability of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association Patient Education Tool.

Diane Ghanem, Oscar Covarrubias, Andrew B Harris, Babar Shafiq.

INTRODUCTION: Online educational materials have become a fundamental resource for orthopaedic surgery patients; however, they are frequently written at a high level of reading ability and are too complicated for some patients to understand. The aim of this study was to appraise the readability of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) patient education materials.
METHODS: All forty-one articles on the OTA patient education website (https://ota.org/for-patients) were analyzed for readability. Readability scores were calculated by two independent reviewers using the (1) Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and the (2) Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) algorithms. Mean readability scores were compared across anatomic categories. One-sample t-test was done to compare mean FKGL with the recommended 6th-grade readability level and the average American adult reading level.
RESULTS: The average (SD) FKGL of the 41 OTA articles was 8.15 (1.14). The average (SD) FRE for the OTA patient education materials was 65.5 (6.60). Four (11%) of the articles were at or below a 6th-grade reading level. The average readability of the OTA articles was significantly higher than the recommended 6th-grade level (p < 0.001, 95% CI [7.79 - 8.51]). The average readability of the OTA articles was not significantly different from the average 8th-grade reading skill level of U.S. adults (p = 0.41, 95% CI [7.79 - 8.51]).
CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that despite the majority of the OTA patient education materials having readability levels suitable for the average US adult, these reading materials are still above the recommended 6th-grade level and may be too difficult for patient comprehension.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/BOT.0000000000002593
Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil. 2023 Feb;5(1): e21-e27

Patients With Femoroacetabular Impingement Obtain Information From Low-Quality Sources Online and Are Most Interested in Conservative Treatment and Expected Recovery.

Johnathon R McCormick, Benjamin Kerzner, Trevor A Tuthill, Zeeshan A Khan, Alexander J Hodakowski, Dhanur Damodar, Luc M Fortier, Suhas P Dasari, Shane J Nho, Jorge Chahla.

Purpose: To investigate the type of questions patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) are searching online and determine the type and quality of the online sources from the top results to each query by the "people also ask" Google algorithm.
Methods: Three search strings pertaining to FAI were carried out through Google. The webpage information was manually collected from the "People also ask" Google algorithm. Questions were categorized using Rothwell's classification method. Each website was assessed using Journal of the American Medical Association Benchmark Criteria for source quality.
Results: A total of 286 unique questions were collected with their associated webpages. The most common questions included: "How do you treat femoroacetabular impingement and labral tears without surgery?" "What is the recovery process after hip arthroscopy and are there limitations after surgery?" and "How do you diagnose hip impingement and differentiate from other causes of hip pain?" The Rothwell Classification of questions were fact (43.4%), policy (34.3%), and value (20.6%). The most common webpage categories were Medical Practice (30.4%), Academic (25.8%), and Commercial (20.6%). The most common subcategories were Indications/Management (29.7%) and Pain (13.6%). Government websites had the highest average Journal of the American Medical Association score (3.42), whereas Single Surgeon Practice websites had the lowest (1.35). Conclusions: Commonly asked questions on Google regarding FAI and labral tears pertain to the indications and management of pathology as well as pain control and restrictions in activity. The majority of information is provided by medical practice, academic, and commercial sources, which have highly variable academic transparency.
Clinical Relevance: By better understanding which questions patients ask online, surgeons can personalize patient education and enhance patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes after hip arthroscopy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2022.09.011
Cureus. 2023 Jan;15(1): e34240

Online Health Information for Penile Prosthesis Implants Lacks Quality and Is Unreadable to the Average US Patient.

Benjamin Plambeck, Jinfeng Jiang, Jesus Perez, Brittany E Wordekemper, David Fu, Alexandra Colvin, Christopher M Deibert.

   BACKGROUND: Online health information (OHI) has become widely accessible and affects patient decisions regarding their healthcare. The purpose of this study was to assess the readability, quality, and accuracy of information available to patients online about penile prosthesis implants (PPIs).
METHODS: We performed a Google search using the keywords "penile implant" and "penile prosthesis." The first 30 search results for both terms were analyzed, and advertisements, news articles, duplicates, and videos were excluded. Websites were categorized as institutional, commercial, and personal/patient support. Readability of each website was determined using the Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) readability formula within the readable tool. Quality was measured by Health On the Net (HON) certification status and the DISCERN scoring method. For website accuracy, a score of 1-4 (1=0-25%, 2=25-50%, 3=50-75%, and 4=75-100%) was assigned.
RESULTS: Forty-four websites met the criteria (23 institutional, 12 commercial, and 9 personal/patient support). The mean total FKGL score was 9.55. No statistical difference was detected between mean FKGL for each website category (p=0.69). Only eight websites (18%) scored ≤8th-grade reading level (average US adult level), while 36 (82%) were >8th-grade level. Mean total DISCERN sum score was 39.74/75, with no statistical difference in mean DISCERN score between website types (p=0.08). Over half (55%) of the websites were defined as "very poor" or "poor" quality by DISCERN scoring. Mean total overall quality rating was 2.67/5. HON certification was verified for only nine websites (20%). Twenty-five percent of websites were classified as 0-25% accurate, 23% were 25-50% accurate, 30% were 50-75% accurate, and 23% were 75-100% accurate.
CONCLUSION: Most information on the Internet about PPIs is reasonably accurate; however, the majority of websites are deficient in quality and unreadable to the average patient, irrespective of website type.

Keywords:  consumer health information; discern; erectile dysfunction; penile implantation; penile prosthesis; readability

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.34240
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2023 Feb 27. 10556656231159972

The Quality and Readability of Online Patient Information on Positional Head Shape Conditions.

Kristof S Gutowski, Sarah A Applebaum, Benjamin L Thomae, Karlee C Knight, Emily S Chwa, Arun K Gosain.

   OBJECTIVE: Families increasingly use online resources to acquire medical information about their child's condition with little understanding of the legitimacy of the source of information or of the information itself. We evaluate the quality and readability of online information related to positional head shape conditions and identify unmet needs for healthcare providers to improve online patient education.
DESIGN: The search terms "flat head baby," "brachycephaly," and "plagiocephaly" were queried on the Google search engine and the first 20 websites for each were reviewed. Included websites were evaluated for quality using the DISCERN Instrument and readability using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES). Websites were categorized by upload source and results were compared using one-way ANOVA.
RESULTS: 38 websites met inclusion criteria. There was no significant correlation between DISCERN score and Google search rank between the three search terms. Professional organizations provided websites with the highest mean DISCERN score (56.3) and commercial websites with the lowest score (36.6, P = .003), indicating "good" and "poor" quality content, respectively. Readability assessments showed an overall average FKGL of 9.9 and FRES of 54.4, suggesting "fairly difficult". Hospitals provided the most website results and tended to publish lower quality information, yet are the most readable.
CONCLUSIONS: High quality websites written at an appropriate reading level for the general public are lacking. A review of online resources for positional head shape conditions can be used to derive recommendations to improve the content of online patient education for pediatric healthcare.

Keywords:  craniofacial morphology; parental perception; pediatrics

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/10556656231159972
Angle Orthod. 2023 Feb 28.

Does YouTube offer high-quality ınformation? Evaluation of patient experience videos after orthognathic surgery.

Elif Albayrak, Muhammed Hilmi Büyükçavuş.

   OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the content, reliability, and quality of videos of patient experiences after orthognathic surgery on YouTube.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty videos that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The demographic characteristics of the videos were determined, and 13 points were used to classify poor and rich-content videos. The quality of the videos was evaluated using the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), Global Quality Score (GQS), and DISCERN. The Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman correlation, and linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS: When poor- and rich-content videos were evaluated, there were statistically significant differences in video duration, number of likes, number of comments, and interaction index (P < .05). Compared to the poor-content video group, the GQS score, DISCERN, total content, and VIQI score of the rich-content video group were significantly higher. The interaction index and video duration and video information content quality showed a positive relationship.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the quality of the videos shared by patients on YouTube was generally moderate, the content of the information was generally poor. Nevertheless, it should be considered that YouTube videos can be a source of information for patients who want to have surgery, which can affect the process.

Keywords:  Jaw surgery; Orthognathic surgery; Social media; YouTube

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2319/042522-315.1
J Orthop Surg Res. 2023 Mar 03. 18(1): 166

How high is the quality of the videos about children's elbow fractures on Youtube?

Aybars Kıvrak, İbrahim Ulusoy.

   OBJECTIVE: Pediatric elbow fractures are children's most common fractures. People use the internet to get information about their illnesses and also to search for treatment options. Videos uploaded to Youtube do not go through the review process. The aim of our study is to determine the quality of videos related to child elbow fractures on Youtube.
MATERIAL METHOD: The study was carried out with the data obtained from the video-sharing site www.youtube.com on 01.12.2022. Pediatric elbow fractures are written in the search engine section. Information about the number of views of the videos, upload date, view rate (number of views per day), number of comments, number of likes and dislikes, duration, whether they contain animation and the publishing source were evaluated. The videos are divided into 5 groups according to their sources: medical society/non-profit organization, physician, healthrelated website, university/academic, and patient/independent user/other. The quality of the videos was evaluated using the Global Quality Scale (GQS). All videos have been evaluated by 2 researchers.
RESULTS: In the study, 50 videos were included. In the statistical evaluation, no significant correlation was found between the modified discern score and GQS found by both researchers, and the number of views, the rate of views, comments, likes and dislikes, video duration and VPI. In addition, when the GQS and modified discern scores were compared according to the source of the video, it was found that the patient/independent user/other group scores were lower numerically, but there was no statistically significant difference in comparison.
CONCLUSION: Most of the videos about child elbow fractures have been uploaded by healthcare professionals. Therefore, we concluded that the videos are quite informative in terms of accurate information and quality content.

Keywords:  Child; Elbow fractures; Video; Youtube

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-03648-1
Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2023 Feb;8(1): 82-88

Evaluating YouTube videos on sialendoscopy as an educational resource for patients.

Daniel J Campbell, Kevin Xiao, Eric Mastrolonardo, David M Cognetti.

   Objectives: Patients are increasingly relying on YouTube for health information. We objectively evaluated the quality and comprehensiveness of sialendoscopy YouTube videos available to patients. We further investigated the relationship between video content and video popularity.
Methods: We identified 150 videos using the search term "sialendoscopy." Videos were excluded if they were lectures for medical professionals, operating room (OR) recordings, unrelated, non-English, or non-audio. Video quality and comprehensiveness were evaluated using modified DISCERN criterion (range: 5-25) and novel sialendoscopy criterion (NSC, range: 0-7), respectively. Secondary outcomes included standard video metrics and Video Power Index to measure popularity. Videos were classified binarily by uploader type as from an academic medical center or from other sources.
Results: Twenty-two (14.7%) of 150 videos were included for review, with 7 (31.8%) uploaded from academic medical institutions. One hundred-nine (72.7%) videos were excluded as lectures for medical professionals or OR recordings. Overall mean modified DISCERN (13.45 ± 3.42) and NSC (3.05 ± 0.96) scores were low; however, videos uploaded by academic medical institutions were significantly more comprehensive (NSC mean difference = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.16-1.80, p = .02). There were no significant correlations between video popularity and objective measures of quality or comprehensiveness.
Conclusions: This study highlights the paucity and low quality of sialendoscopy videos for patients. More popular videos are not higher quality, and most videos are targeted more toward physicians rather than patients. As YouTube becomes increasingly used by patients, there is opportunity for otolaryngologists to produce more informative videos for patients while implementing targeted strategies to increase viewership.
Level of Evidence: NA.

Keywords:  YouTube; minimally invasive surgery; salivary stones; sialadenitis; sialendoscopy

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.991
Indian J Cancer. 2022 Jun 29.

Analysis of the most viewed Hindi YouTube videos on breast cancer.

Nibha Sinha, Alka Sharma.

   Background: : Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Social media channels are a significant source of health information including breast cancer. YouTube has a broad range of educational materials on various health issues in many languages. However, the accuracy of these videos is contentious. This study aimed to examine the accuracy of the most viewed Hindi videos on YouTube related to breast cancer.
Methods: : On YouTube, the "Breast Cancer-Hindi" term was searched for the 50 most viewed Hindi videos. To evaluate the videos' quality and reliability, global quality scores (GQS) and DISCERN (quality criteria for the assessment of written health information), and for credibility and usefulness Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) tool were used. Popularity was measured using a video power index (VPI). Comparisons of scores were made between professionals' and consumers' videos. Two health researchers independently rated the videos and their correlation was calculated for agreement.
Results: : Of all the 50 videos viewed, 23 (46%) each were uploaded by consumers and professionals. GQS median 3 (1-5), DISCERN median 13 (5-23), JAMA median 2 (0.50-4), and VPI median 90.7 (50-96.93) were reported. All scores of professionals were higher than consumers at a significant level (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between both observers (P < 0.01).
Conclusion: : YouTube has some good quality and reliable videos on breast cancer in the Hindi language. These videos are mostly of professionals in comparison with consumers with wide viewership. However, they are limited in numbers; therefore, health professionals should upload more videos with accurate information to spread awareness about breast cancer.

Keywords:  Awareness; breast cancer; health communication; internet; social media

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4103/ijc.IJC_801_20
Health Info Libr J. 2023 Feb 27.

Predictors of online health information seeking behaviour of non-medical undergraduate students might vary.

Oluwaseun Eniola Adegbilero-Iwari, Tunrayo Oluwadare, Idowu Adegbilero-Iwari.

   BACKGROUND: As more people across Generations X, Y, and Z continue to use the Internet meet their information needs, this study assesses the characteristics influencing the online health information seeking behaviour (OHISB) of non-medical university students. Previous studies on the subject in Nigeria have largely assessed the concept of OHISB among university students without examining the determinants of such behaviour.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictors of OHISB among non-medical undergraduate students of a Nigerian private university.
METHODS: Adopting a cross-sectional research design, the study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire administered via Google forms. Some 361 non-medical undergraduate students were recruited purposively with a response rate of 84.2%. The questionnaire obtained data on students' socio-demographics, Internet usage, and OHISB.
RESULTS: Presence of a chronic condition, gender, and college showed significant associations with students' OHISB. 'Mothers' occupation' and 'prior experience' became significant predictors of students' OHISB.
DISCUSSION: The results align with studies that stressed that chronically ill persons would search for health information on the internet and that presence of chronic illness is among the predictors of OHISB.
CONCLUSION: These findings add to evidence from other countries that had identified health literacy and presence of chronic illness as significant predictors of OHISB among students.

Keywords:  Africa; West; health information needs; information seeking behaviour; internet; statistical methods; students; surveys

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12479
Health Info Libr J. 2023 Mar 02.

Health information seeking behaviour and decision making by patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: A qualitative study.

Octavia-Luciana Madge, Augustin Marian Marincaș, Claudiu Daha, Laurențiu Simion.

   BACKGROUND: Information is critical for patients having to decide about the best treatment option, and an in-depth understanding of their information behaviour can help health and information services to improve and facilitate their access to reliable information.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the health information-seeking behaviour and information sources and their roles in decision making among breast cancer patients in Romania in the context of the surgical treatment.
METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 34 patients who were treated surgically for breast cancer at the Bucharest Oncology Institute.
RESULTS: Most participants searched for information independently, before and after the operation, and their information needs evolved during the progression of their disease. The surgeon was regarded as the most trusted source of information. Most patients adopted a paternalistic or a shared approach for decision making.
DISCUSSION: Besides findings consistent with research from other countries, our study also revealed findings in contrast to previous research. None of the interviewed patients made any reference to the library as a source of information even if books were mentioned.
CONCLUSIONS: Health information specialists should develop a detailed guide and online information services to help physicians and other health professionals to provide relevant and reliable health care information to surgical inpatients from Romania.

Keywords:  Europe, south-east; health information needs; health literacy; information seeking behaviour; patient education

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12480
J Med Internet Res. 2023 03 02. 25 e44741

Chronic Diseases and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Online Health Information Seeking and Using Social Networking Sites: Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Survey in Japan.

INFORM Study Group

   BACKGROUND: In an aging society, worsening chronic diseases increase the burden on patients and the health care system. Using online health information including health information via social networking sites (SNSs), such as Facebook and YouTube, may play an important role in the self-management of chronic diseases and health promotion for internet users.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to improve strategies for promoting access to reliable information for the self-management of chronic diseases via the internet, and to identify populations facing barriers to using the internet for health, we examined chronic diseases and characteristics associated with online health information seeking and the use of SNSs.
METHODS: This study used data from the INFORM Study 2020, which was a nationally representative cross-sectional postal mail survey conducted using a self-administered questionnaire in 2020. The dependent variables were online health information seeking and SNS use. Online health information seeking was assessed using 1 question about whether respondents used the internet to find health or medical information. SNS use was assessed by inquiring about the following 4 aspects: visiting SNSs, sharing health information on SNSs, writing in an online diary or blog, and watching a health-related video on YouTube. The independent variables were 8 chronic diseases. Other independent variables were sex, age, education status, work, marital status, household income, health literacy, and self-reported health status. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for all independent variables to examine the associations of chronic diseases and other variables with online health information seeking and SNS use.
RESULTS: The final sample for analysis comprised 2481 internet users. Hypertension or high blood pressure, chronic lung diseases, depression or anxiety disorder, and cancer were reported by 24.5%, 10.1%, 7.7%, and 7.2% of respondents, respectively. The odds ratio of online health information seeking among respondents with cancer was 2.19 (95% CI 1.47-3.27) compared with that among those without cancer, and the odds ratio among those with depression or anxiety disorder was 2.27 (95% CI 1.46-3.53) compared with that among those without. Further, the odds ratio for watching a health-related YouTube video among those with chronic lung diseases was 1.42 (95% CI 1.05-1.93) compared with that among those without these diseases. Women, younger age, higher level of education, and high health literacy were positively associated with online health information seeking and SNS use.
CONCLUSIONS: For patients with cancer, strategies for promoting access to websites with reliable cancer-related information as well as access among patients with chronic lung diseases to YouTube videos providing reliable information may be beneficial for the management of these diseases. Moreover, it is important to improve the online environment to encourage men, older adults, internet users with lower education levels, and those with low health literacy to access online health information.

Keywords:  chronic diseases; cross-sectional study; eHealth literacy, health communication; internet, social networking

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/44741
Health Info Libr J. 2023 Feb 26.

The popularisation of self-care: Tracing the dissemination of Orem's Self-Care Deficiency Nursing Theory into the scientific disciplines.

Kemal Yayla, Medine Yilmaz, Hatice Yildirim Sari.

   BACKGROUND: Bibliometric methods may be used to examine research trends, and information visualisation techniques are useful in illustrating the diffusion of knowledge and how theories are applied.
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to illustrate how Orem's Self-Care Deficiency Nursing Theory (SCDNT) has been cited and applied in nursing science and beyond.
METHODS: A bibliometric analysis examined scientific publications that cited Orem's nursing theory. In addition, the diffusion of SCDNT was assessed using data visualisation methods and integration scores of SCDNT versions were calculated to define trends in its theoretical usage in other scientific domains.
RESULTS: The information visualisation demonstrated increased usage of SCDTN in different disciplines. Integration scores demonstrated that the scientific community still recognises and uses versions of SCDTN.
DISCUSSION: Studying citation patterns helps to identify which publications are still cited and relevant, as well as illustrating the dissemination of theory. Findings may be used in the collection weeding of SCDTN book versions.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings provided nursing scientists with a better conceptual understanding of SCDNT diffusion and development. For academic library managers, the findings identify which SCDNT should be retained for historical interest and curriculum needs.

Keywords:  citation analysis; library collection development; nursing literature; scholarly communication

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12476
J Surg Res. 2023 Feb 27. pii: S0022-4804(23)00029-X. [Epub ahead of print]287 16-23

Social Media, Misinformation, and Online Patient Education in Emergency General Surgical Procedures.

Bailey Roberts, Molly Kobritz, Colleen Nofi, Lyudmyla Demyan, Jonathan Guevara, Laura Hansen, Matthew Giangola.

   INTRODUCTION: Patients use the internet to learn about diagnoses and treatment options. These sources vary in quality and accuracy of medical information. Thus, utilization of social media may lead to misinformation regarding treatment for patients in need of emergent general surgery procedures.
METHODS: YouTube was searched with keywords "cholecystectomy," "cholecystitis," and "gallbladder surgery" and "appendectomy," "appendicitis," and "appendix surgery." For each procedure, the 100 videos with the greatest views were reviewed. Videos were assessed by four surgical trainees using validated instruments, DISCERN and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), and Likert scales for patient education and misinformation. After appendectomy or cholecystectomy, patients completed a survey assessing use of social media preoperatively.
RESULTS: The median DISCERN score was 28.0 of 75. The median PEMAT scores were 66.7% for understandability and 0% for actionability. Nearly half (49%) of videos provided no patient education and only 22% provided moderate or more. More than a third (35%) of videos contained misinformation. Doctors, medical education, and healthcare systems published videos with less misinformation, whereas patients, health/wellness groups published more misinformation (P < 0.001). Videos discoverable with colloquial terms "appendix surgery" and "gallbladder surgery" were more likely to contain misinformation (45.3%) compared to 20.5% of videos with misinformation discoverable using medical search terms only (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: There is a range of video quality online with most videos of poor quality and provide little patient education. Understanding information available to patients online can tailor surgeon-patient discussions to combat misinformation and improve the informed consent process for patients.

Keywords:  General surgery; Misinformation; Patient education; Social media

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.01.009
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2023 Mar 01.

Commentary: Evaluation of the Educational Quality of the Top 30 Most Viewed Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Videos on YouTube by Tan et al.

Claudio F Feo, Alberto Porcu.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/lap.2023.29046.cff