bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2022–04–24
34 papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society
  1. Crisis Librarianship: An Examination of Online Librarianship Roles in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
  2. Academic library spaces and student activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  3. The information nurses need.
  4. A health education outreach partnership between an academic medical library and public library: lessons learned before and during a pandemic.
  5. The status of scholarly efforts of librarians on health literacy: a bibliometric analysis.
  6. Integration of arts and humanities in medicine to develop well-rounded physicians: the roles of health sciences librarians.
  7. Library instruction and Wikipedia: investigating students' perceived information literacy, lifelong learning, and social responsibility through Wikipedia editing.
  8. Patient-based benefit-risk assessment of medicines: development, refinement, and validation of a content search strategy to retrieve relevant studies.
  9. Library tools at the nurses' station: exploring information-seeking behaviors and needs of nurses in a war veterans nursing home.
  10. LitCovid, iSearch COVID-19 portfolio, and COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease.
  11. Advancing nursing students' transition to scholarship: embedding a librarian into the Advanced Nursing Research course.
  12. Implementing an institution-wide electronic lab notebook initiative.
  13. Insights and opinions of readers of the Journal of the Medical Library Association.
  14. Supporting the Spectrum Scholarship Program: perspectives from the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group.
  15. Health sciences librarians of African heritage: an earnest entreaty for research.
  16. [Search strategies for health professionals.]
  17. Methodological Guidelines for Systematic Assessments of Health Care Websites Using Web Analytics: Tutorial.
  18. PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S: common questions on tracking records and the flow diagram.
  19. Online patient literature related to oesophageal surgery: the need for greater readability, accreditation and higher quality.
  20. Preference-Tree-Based Real-Time Recommendation System.
  21. Darling: A Web Application for Detecting Disease-Related Biomedical Entity Associations with Literature Mining.
  22. A Brief Report: Comparative Evaluation of Online Spanish and English Content on Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.
  23. Factors associated with dentists' search for oral health information during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  24. Dug: A Semantic Search Engine Leveraging Peer-Reviewed Knowledge to Query Biomedical Data Repositories.
  25. Assessment of the Quality of Information of YouTube Videos Regarding Cervical Disc Replacement.
  26. Analysis of Lumbar Fusion and Lumbar Arthroplasty Videos on YouTube.
  27. Is YouTube a good resource for patients to better understand kidney cancer?
  28. Analysis of the Quality, Reliability, and Educational Content of YouTube Videos Concerning Spine Tumors.
  29. The Quality of Internet Websites for People Experiencing Psychosis: Pilot Expert Assessment.
  30. Exploring the Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior in a Sample of Italian Women: The "SEI Donna" Study.
  31. The role of information in later life sexuality: An invitation for further exploration.
  32. How to appraise the literature: basic principles for the busy clinician - part 2: systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
  33. Dr. Howard A. Kelly's The Stereo Clinic: health science pedagogy and the egalitarian future of 3D clinical visualization.
  34. Erratum to "Performance of gender detection tools: a comparative study of name-to-gender inference services," 2021;109(3):414-21 and "Using genderize.io to infer the gender of first names: how to improve the accuracy of the inference," 2021;109(4):609-12.
  1. Journal of academic librarianship. 2022 Jul;48(4): 102530
    Crisis Librarianship: An Examination of Online Librarianship Roles in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic.
    Karen Nourse Reed, Brittany Kester, Karen F Kaufmann, Lindley Homol, Camielle Crampsie.
      This study surveyed the members of a professional library organization for their perceptions of their online librarianship role. In particular, the survey sought to examine any change in online librarianship roles after March 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns. Participants were administered a survey comprised of both quantitative and qualitative response options. Findings present a nuanced professional environment post-lockdown in which individual job duties largely remained the same; however participants reported increased demands stemming from workplace issues, including attrition and lack of resources.
    Keywords:  Academic librarianship; Academic libraries; Embedded librarian; Library instruction; Online learning; Subject specialist librarians
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102530
  2. Journal of academic librarianship. 2022 Apr 11. 102529
    Academic library spaces and student activities during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Yujin Kim, Eunhwa Yang.
      A library in higher education plays a primary role in students' learning on campus. In addition to individually-focused studying, students come to a library for various purposes, such as group learning, collaborating, and socializing. To support students' different types of learning, appropriate physical and functional environments of the spaces must be provided. However, the environmental effects of learning spaces have not been explored extensively. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced students to remain and study at home for extended periods, and it is expected that the pandemic experience has affected students' space use patterns. This study aims to examine the effect of the pandemic on students' library usage and to investigate the necessary environments to effectively support students' learning activities. Data was collected via interviews with 12 students. One of the main findings is that, even though students used the library less during the pandemic, they expected to use it as much as pre-pandemic or even more after the pandemic. Furthermore, both physical and functional environments were associated with the study performance and wellbeing of the students. Therefore, understanding students' learning activities and preferred environments in a library is critical to providing appropriate spaces supporting students' learning performance and wellbeing.
    Keywords:  Academic library; COVID-19; Learning activities; Student performance; Student wellbeing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2022.102529
  3. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2022 Apr 16.
    The information nurses need.
    Susan Gennaro.
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12777
  4. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 212-221
    A health education outreach partnership between an academic medical library and public library: lessons learned before and during a pandemic.
    Stephanie M Swanberg, Nancy Bulgarelli, Mithya Jayakumar, Erin Look, Tyler B Shubitowski, Rose Wedemeyer, Emily W Yuen, Victoria C Lucia.
       Background: Public libraries serve as community centers for accessing free, trustworthy health information. As such, they provide an ideal setting to teach the local community about health and health literacy, particularly during public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2018, an outreach partnership between an academic medical library and public library has developed, delivered, and continuously evaluated a health education program targeting public library users.
    Case Presentation: Health education activities were integrated into three existing public library programs: adult workshops, child and family programming, and circulating family activity kits. Prior to COVID-19, events were held at the public library, which then pivoted online during the pandemic. An interprofessional team approach combined the expertise of academic medical and public librarians, medical school faculty and staff, and medical students in developing the educational programs. Twelve in-person and five virtual programs were offered, and five circulating health education family kits were launched. Activities were assessed using program evaluation surveys of the adult and children's programs and circulation statistics of the kits.
    Conclusions: This case report showcases the lessons learned from implementing a longitudinal outreach partnership between an academic medical library and public library before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The interprofessional team approach and flexibility in program design and delivery in both the in-person and virtual environments proved critical to the success of the partnership. This partnership could serve as a model for other libraries interested in pursuing interprofessional collaborations in educating local communities on healthy behavior and health information-seeking practices.
    Keywords:  academic medical library; community engagement; health education; health literacy; outreach; public library
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1413
  5. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 166-173
    The status of scholarly efforts of librarians on health literacy: a bibliometric analysis.
    Alexandria Quesenberry Wilson, Courtney Wombles, R Eric Heidel, Kelsey Leonard Grabeel.
       Objective: In order to determine the status of scholarly efforts on health literacy by librarians, researchers examined the characteristics of health literacy publications authored by librarians from 2000 to 2020.
    Methods: Bibliometric analysis was used to assess the indicators of productivity, affiliation, collaboration, and citation metrics of librarians in health literacy-related research. Data were collected using the Scopus database; articles were screened for inclusion before importation into Microsoft Excel for analysis. SPSS software was used to run basic descriptive statistics.
    Results: Of 797 search results, 460 references met the inclusion criteria of librarian authorship. There was a significant linear trend upward in publications since 2001 with an average increase of 1.52 papers per year. The number of publications per year peaked in 2019 (n=59). Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet was the most prolific journal. The majority of references were authored by at least two authors and by multidisciplinary teams. Nineteen percent (n=107) of the librarian authors were responsible for more than one publication, and 84.1% of publications were cited at least once.
    Conclusions: In the last two decades, librarian involvement in health literacy publications has exponentially increased, most markedly in the years following 2014. The productivity, multidisciplinary collaboration efforts, and consistent growth in literature indicate that librarians are engaged in health literacy scholarship. Further research is needed to explore the work of librarians whose impacts on health literacy may not be reflected within well-indexed, peer-reviewed publications.
    Keywords:  bibliometrics; health literacy; librarians
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1253
  6. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 247-252
    Integration of arts and humanities in medicine to develop well-rounded physicians: the roles of health sciences librarians.
    Misa Mi, Lin Wu, Yingting Zhang, Wendy Wu.
      Over the past ten years, there has been a growing interest in integrating arts and humanities in medicine to increase learners' empathy and resilience; improve personal well-being, communication, and observational skills; enhance self-reflection; and promote professionalism. These desired skills and qualities are becoming increasingly important for the physicians of tomorrow. Parallel to curricular interventions of integrating arts and humanities to medical education, there has been an increasing research interest in investigating the impact of such interventions on medical students with respect to improving and sustaining students' empathy as they progress in their medical education and develop their professional identity. Research has yielded interesting findings on the types and effect of the interventions in the medical curriculum. The Association of the American Medical Colleges (AAMC), recognizing the unique and unrealized role of arts and humanities in preparing and equipping physicians for twenty-first-century challenges, proposed seven recommendations for advancing arts and humanities integration into medical education to improve the education, practice, and well-being of physicians and physician learners across the spectrum of medical education. Institutional initiatives of arts and humanities integration in the medical curriculum in response to the AAMC's recommendations afford health sciences librarians expansive opportunities and a new landscape of playing an important role in these initiatives. With their diverse educational background in arts, humanities, social sciences, and many other disciplines and fields, health sciences librarians are poised for meaningful contributions to their institutional goals in developing a humanistic, compassionate workforce of future physicians.
    Keywords:  arts; health sciences librarians; health sciences library; humanities; medical education; undergraduate medical education
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1368
  7. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 174-184
    Library instruction and Wikipedia: investigating students' perceived information literacy, lifelong learning, and social responsibility through Wikipedia editing.
    Melissa K Kahili-Heede, Uday Patil, K J Hillgren, Earl Hishinuma, Richard Kasuya.
       Objectives: This article presents a multiyear pilot study delineating practical challenges, solutions, and lessons learned from Wikipedia editing experiences with first-year medical students at the John A. Burns School of Medicine at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. The purpose of our project was to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of Wikipedia editing to improve information literacy and lifelong learning skills and to investigate aspects of social responsibility in first-year medical students.
    Methods: Lessons were provided through a combination of in-person and online instruction via the WikiEdu learning management system (LMS). Students next selected a health-related Wikipedia article to edit. After the editing experience, structural completeness data were collected from the WikiEdu LMS. Feedback was collected via an anonymous retrospective pre-post survey to assess the students' attitudes toward their perceived information literacy skills and the social responsibility of improving Wikipedia articles. Nonparametric tests were conducted to compare pre versus post outcomes.
    Results: Fifty-seven (79%) participants in the 2018 cohort and forty-nine (64%) participants in the 2019 cohort completed the retrospective pre-post survey. In both cohorts, respondents showed statistically significant increases (p<.05) in self-rating of all ten domains of information literacy and social responsibility after completing the program.
    Conclusions: This study showed that medical students are competent editors of Wikipedia and that their contributions improve both the quality of the articles and their own perceived information literacy. Additionally, editing medicine-related articles provides an opportunity to build students' social responsibility by improving content on an open platform that reaches millions each day.
    Keywords:  Wikipedia; information literacy; social responsibility
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1291
  8. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 185-204
    Patient-based benefit-risk assessment of medicines: development, refinement, and validation of a content search strategy to retrieve relevant studies.
    Hiba El Masri, Treasure M McGuire, Christine Dalais, Mieke van Driel, Helen Benham, Samantha A Hollingworth.
       Introduction: Poor indexing and inconsistent use of terms and keywords may prevent efficient retrieval of studies on the patient-based benefit-risk assessment (BRA) of medicines. We aimed to develop and validate an objectively derived content search strategy containing generic search terms that can be adapted for any search for evidence on patient-based BRA of medicines for any therapeutic area.
    Methods: We used a robust multistep process to develop and validate the content search strategy: (1) we developed a bank of search terms derived from screening studies on patient-based BRA of medicines in various therapeutic areas, (2) we refined the proposed content search strategy through an iterative process of testing sensitivity and precision of search terms, and (3) we validated the final search strategy in PubMed by firstly using multiple sclerosis as a case condition and secondly computing its relative performance versus a published systematic review on patient-based BRA of medicines in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Results: We conceptualized a final search strategy to retrieve studies on patient-based BRA containing generic search terms grouped into two domains, namely the patient and the BRA of medicines (sensitivity 84%, specificity 99.4%, precision 20.7%). The relative performance of the content search strategy was 85.7% compared with a search from a published systematic review of patient preferences in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We also developed a more extended filter, with a relative performance of 93.3% when compared with a search from a published systematic review of patient preferences in lung cancer.
    Keywords:  Medical Subject Headings; attribute development; benefit-risk assessment; bibliographic; databases; information storage and retrieval/methods; information storage and retrieval/standards; patient preference; patient-based benefit-risk assessment; prescription drug; reproducibility of results; risk assessment/methods; terminology as topic
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1306
  9. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 159-165
    Library tools at the nurses' station: exploring information-seeking behaviors and needs of nurses in a war veterans nursing home.
    Gail Kouame, Steph Hendren.
       Objectives: Analyze the information-seeking practices and identify the information and education needs of nurses in a war veterans nursing home. Develop an online toolkit for use at the nurses' stations to meet nurses' health information needs.
    Methods: Investigators employed mixed methods to determine the health information needs of the participating nurses at the skilled nursing facility using an online questionnaire and in-person observations. Resulting data was compared to determine how nurses' self-reported data corresponded with investigator observations.
    Results: Twenty-seven out of a total of thirty-five nurses responded to the online questionnaire. The study principal investigator also observed a total of twelve nurses working across all shifts. The online questionnaire asked nurses to identify when they need health information for an acute clinical scenario. Nurses self-reported feeling most confident in assessing falls and pain, followed by medication adherence and skin integrity. Issues most frequently encountered during observation of nurses were falls, interventions surrounding cognitive ability or dementia, and use of antibiotics. Nurses reported and were observed to consult colleagues most frequently, followed by drug handbooks and relying on nursing experience.
    Conclusion: Nurses in skilled nursing facilities will benefit from ready online access to current drug handbooks as well as information resources surrounding commonly encountered clinical issues and stated needs. An outcome of this project is an online toolkit site using a LibGuide created specifically for this purpose. Researchers purchased laptop computers that were installed at each of the nurses' stations to provide ready access to the toolkit site.
    Keywords:  information needs; information seeking; nursing homes; skilled nursing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1357
  10. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 279-280
    LitCovid, iSearch COVID-19 portfolio, and COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease.
    Laurel Scheinfeld.
      LitCovid. National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20894; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/; free. iSearch COVID-19 portfolio. Office of Portfolio Analysis, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892; https://icite.od.nih.gov/covid19/search/; free. COVID-19 Global literature on coronavirus disease. World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva; https://search.bvsalud.org/global-literature-on-novel-coronavirus-2019-ncov/; free.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1274
  11. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 228-232
    Advancing nursing students' transition to scholarship: embedding a librarian into the Advanced Nursing Research course.
    Viktoriya Pleshkan, Irma Singarella.
       Background: Nursing students often prioritize learning clinical skills rather than research skills, possibly inhibiting their growth as scholars. Supporting nursing students' learning of information literacy skills has been shown to impact nurses' involvement with research after graduation. This suggests a need for developing innovative information literacy teaching strategies that can enable nursing students to better understand the process of research and how to apply research to practice.
    Case Presentation: This article describes the implementation of the embedded librarian project at the course level at the University of Memphis. A librarian was integrated into the Advanced Nursing Research course, a semester-long course for graduate nursing students, for the fall 2020 semester. This case shares the embedded librarian project's implementation and evaluation strategies.
    Conclusions: The embedded librarian project aided students' acquisition of information literacy skills at the University of Memphis. Students reported that the embedded librarian project helped them complete assignments for their research course. Using an embedded librarian service within the graduate nursing curricula model may enhance scholarship among future nurses.
    Keywords:  awareness; embedded librarian; library services; nursing education; online education; survey
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1227
  12. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 222-227
    Implementing an institution-wide electronic lab notebook initiative.
    Erin D Foster, Elizabeth C Whipple, Gabriel R Rios.
       Background: To strengthen institutional research data management practices, the Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM) licensed an electronic lab notebook (ELN) to improve the organization, security, and shareability of information and data generated by the school's researchers. The Ruth Lilly Medical Library led implementation on behalf of the IUSM's Office of Research Affairs.
    Case Presentation: This article describes the pilot and full-scale implementation of an ELN at IUSM. The initial pilot of the ELN in late 2018 involved fifteen research labs with access expanded in 2019 to all academic medical school constituents. The Ruth Lilly Medical Library supports researchers using the electronic lab notebook by (1) delivering trainings that cover strategies for adopting an ELN and a hands-on demo of the licensed ELN, (2) providing one-on-one consults with research labs or groups as needed, and (3) developing best practice guidance and template notebooks to assist in adoption of the ELN. The library also communicates availability of the ELN to faculty, students, and staff through presentations delivered at department meetings and write-ups in the institution's newsletter as appropriate.
    Conclusion: As of August 2021, there are 829 users at IUSM. Ongoing challenges include determining what support to offer beyond the existing training, sustaining adoption of the ELN within research labs, and defining "successful" adoption at the institution level. By leading the development of this service, the library is more strongly integrated and visible in the research activities of the institution, particularly as related to information and data management.
    Keywords:  electronic lab notebook; information management; institutional collaborations
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1407
  13. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 156-158
    Insights and opinions of readers of the Journal of the Medical Library Association.
    Katherine G Akers, J J Pionke, Ellen Aaronson, Rachel Koenig, Michelle Kraft, Beverly Murphy.
      The Journal of the Medical Library Association (JMLA) conducted a readership survey in 2020 to gain a deeper understanding of our readers, their reading habits, and their satisfaction with JMLA's content, website functionality, and overall quality. A total of 467 readers responded to the survey, most of whom were librarians/information specialists (85%), worked in an academic (62%) or hospital/health care system (27%) library, and were current Medical Library Association members (80%). Most survey respondents (46%) reported reading JMLA articles on a quarterly basis. Over half of respondents (53%) said they used social media to follow new research or publications, with Twitter being the most popular platform. Respondents stated that Original Investigations, Case Reports, Knowledge Syntheses, and Resource Reviews articles were the most enjoyable to read and important to their research and practice. Almost all respondents reported being satisfied or very satisfied (94%) with the JMLA website. Some respondents felt that the content of JMLA leaned more toward academic librarianship than toward clinical/hospital librarianship and that there were not enough articles on collection management or technical services. These opinions and insights of our readers help keep the JMLA editorial team on track toward publishing articles that are of interest and utility to our audience, raising reader awareness of new content, providing a website that is easy to navigate and use, and maintaining our status as the premier journal in health sciences librarianship.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1458
  14. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 243-246
    Supporting the Spectrum Scholarship Program: perspectives from the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group.
    Sarah McClung, Rachel Keiko Stark, Megan De Armond.
      The immediate past presidents and current president of the Northern California and Nevada Medical Library Group write to raise awareness of the American Library Association Spectrum Scholarship Program, share their approach to supporting Scholars in their region, and encourage Medical Library Association (MLA) chapters and MLA at large to build stronger infrastructures to support Black, Indigenous, and People of Color librarians who are in school and recently graduated.
    Keywords:  diversity; library school students; mentoring
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1432
  15. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 240-242
    Health sciences librarians of African heritage: an earnest entreaty for research.
    Charles Raymond Fikar, Barbara Hallas.
      In view of recent discussions of diversity in library work, it would seem prudent to have a good understanding of basic facts and considered opinions of health sciences librarians of African heritage concerning their career experiences, opportunities for advancement, perceptions of negative behavior in the library, experiences of bias and discrimination in the library, existence of special information needs of patrons of African heritage, and interactions with non-African-heritage medical librarians and staff. Since there is a dearth of literature and research on these topics, this commentary will attempt to stimulate and encourage such work by providing a brief summary of currently available literature and research and providing some ideas for future academic endeavors.
    Keywords:  African American; diversity; minorities
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1401
  16. Arch Esp Urol. 2022 Apr;75(3): 228-234
    [Search strategies for health professionals.]
    Herney Andres García-Perdomo Md MSc EdD PhD Facs.
      An adequate search strategy is necessaryfor all health professionals, from the trainingprocess to the moments of expertise in their area.The generation of the strategy must be a methodicaland rigorous process, which begins with the researchquestion, then the databases are chosen, the specificdesign of the strategy is continued to finally managethe result in an organized and transparent manner. The ability to perform these strategies is not acquiredovernight, and probably will require the help of someoneexpert at the beginning, however, it is clear that wecan all apply it in our lives as health professionals.
    Keywords:  Abilities; Bases de datos; Búsqueda de información; Competencias; Competencies; Dataases; Estrategias de búsqueda; Habilidades; Investigación; Investigation; Search for information; Search strategy
  17. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Apr 15. 24(4): e28291
    Methodological Guidelines for Systematic Assessments of Health Care Websites Using Web Analytics: Tutorial.
    Edwin Lauritz Fundingsland, Joseph Fike, Joshua Calvano, Jeffrey Beach, Deborah Lai, Shuhan He.
      With the growing importance of communicating with the public via the web, many industries have used web analytics to provide information that organizations can use to better achieve their goals. Although the importance of health care websites has also grown, the health care industry has been slower to adopt the use of web analytics. Web analytics are the measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of internet data used to measure direct user interaction. Our objective is to provide generalized methods for using web analytics as key performance metrics to evaluate websites and outline actionable recommendations for improvement. By deconstructing web analytic categories such as engagement, users, acquisition, content, and platform, we describe how web analytics are used to evaluate websites and how improvements can be made using this information. Engagement is how a user interacts with a website. It can be evaluated using the daily active users to monthly active users (DAU/MAU) ratio, bounce rate, pages viewed, and time on site. Poor engagement indicates potential problems with website usability. Users pertains to demographic information regarding the users interacting with a website. This data can help administrators understand who is engaging with their website. Acquisition refers to the overall website traffic and the method of traffic, which allows administrators to see how people are accessing their website. This information helps websites expand their methods of attracting users. Content refers to the overall relevancy, accuracy, and trustworthiness of a website's content. If a website has poor content, it will likely experience difficulty with user engagement. Finally, platform refers to the technical aspects of how people access a website. It includes both the internet browsers and devices used. By providing detailed descriptions of these categories, we have identified how web administrators can use web analytics to systematically assess their websites. We have also provided generalized recommendations for actionable improvements. By introducing the potential of web analytics to augment usability and the conversion rate, we hope to assist health care organizations in better communicating with the public and therefore accomplishing the goals of their websites.
    Keywords:  Google Analytics; conversion rate; healthcare industry; healthcare websites; internet browsers; usability; user demographics; web analytics; website content; website engagement; website traffic; website usability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/28291
  18. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 253-257
    PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S: common questions on tracking records and the flow diagram.
    Melissa L Rethlefsen, Matthew J Page.
      The PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S guidelines help systematic review teams report their reviews clearly, transparently, and with sufficient detail to enable reproducibility. PRISMA 2020, an updated version of the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement, is complemented by PRISMA-S, an extension to PRISMA focusing on reporting the search components of systematic reviews. Several significant changes were implemented in PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-S when compared with the original version of PRISMA in 2009, including the recommendation to report search strategies for all databases, registries, and websites that were searched. PRISMA-S also recommends reporting the number of records identified from each information source. One of the most challenging aspects of the new guidance from both documents has been changes to the flow diagram. In this article, we review some of the common questions about using the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram and tracking records through the systematic review process.
    Keywords:  PRISMA 2020; PRISMA-S; flow diagram; literature search; reporting guidelines; systematic reviews
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1449
  19. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2022 Apr 19.
    Online patient literature related to oesophageal surgery: the need for greater readability, accreditation and higher quality.
    A Musbahi, C B Rao, A Immanuel, N Hayes.
       INTRODUCTION: Oesophageal cancer is the sixth most common cause of death worldwide but is treatable through surgery. As part of the consenting process, surgeons may guide patients towards online information leaflets to understand more about their condition and treatment. This review aimed to systematically analyse some of the current resources that can be accessed via the internet.
    METHODS: A stringent search criteria was used to select online patient information leaflets for oesophageal cancer surgery. Leaflets were scored based on the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score, DISCERN score, Health on the Net Code of Conduct (HONcode) certification/Information Standard Certification and International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) score.
    FINDINGS: Only five sites had achieved HONcode certification. Only three sources were deemed readable using the Flesch-Kincaid scoring system and no sources reached the recommended readability using IPDAS. No source reached a maximum score with DISCERN, with the mean overall quality being 2.98. There was no significant difference between accredited and unaccredited sources. From our sample, patient information sources on oesophageal cancer surgery have a low readability.
    CONCLUSIONS: More research is required to ascertain patient behaviour with regards to accessing the literature. Patients and healthcare professionals should liaise with each other to produce more readable, high-quality patient information on oesophageal cancer surgery.
    Keywords:  Oesophageal cancer
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2021.0256
  20. Entropy (Basel). 2022 Apr 02. pii: 503. [Epub ahead of print]24(4):
    Preference-Tree-Based Real-Time Recommendation System.
    Seongju Kang, Kwangsue Chung.
      In the current era of online information overload, recommendation systems are very useful for helping users locate content that may be of interest to them. A personalized recommendation system presents content based on information such as a user's browsing history and the videos watched. However, information filtering-based recommendation systems are vulnerable to data sparsity and cold-start problems. Additionally, existing recommendation systems suffer from the large overhead incurred in learning regression models used for preference prediction or in selecting groups of similar users. In this study, we propose a preference-tree-based real-time recommendation system that uses various tree models to predict user preferences with a fast runtime. The proposed system predicts preferences based on two balance constants and one similarity threshold to recommend content with a high accuracy while balancing generalized and personalized preferences. The results of comparative experiments and ablation studies confirm that the proposed system can accurately recommend content to users. Specifically, we confirmed that the accuracy and novelty of the recommended content were, respectively, improved by 12.1% and 27.2% compared to existing systems. Furthermore, we verified that the proposed system satisfies real-time requirements and mitigates both cold-start and overfitting problems.
    Keywords:  cold start; data sparsity; information filtering; preference tree; real-time requirements; recommendation systems
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/e24040503
  21. Biomolecules. 2022 Mar 30. pii: 520. [Epub ahead of print]12(4):
    Darling: A Web Application for Detecting Disease-Related Biomedical Entity Associations with Literature Mining.
    Evangelos Karatzas, Fotis A Baltoumas, Ioannis Kasionis, Despina Sanoudou, Aristides G Eliopoulos, Theodosios Theodosiou, Ioannis Iliopoulos, Georgios A Pavlopoulos.
      Finding, exploring and filtering frequent sentence-based associations between a disease and a biomedical entity, co-mentioned in disease-related PubMed literature, is a challenge, as the volume of publications increases. Darling is a web application, which utilizes Name Entity Recognition to identify human-related biomedical terms in PubMed articles, mentioned in OMIM, DisGeNET and Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) disease records, and generates an interactive biomedical entity association network. Nodes in this network represent genes, proteins, chemicals, functions, tissues, diseases, environments and phenotypes. Users can search by identifiers, terms/entities or free text and explore the relevant abstracts in an annotated format.
    Keywords:  bioinformatics; data integration; literature-derived associations; named-entity recognition; text-mining
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12040520
  22. J Cancer Educ. 2022 Apr 20.
    A Brief Report: Comparative Evaluation of Online Spanish and English Content on Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.
    Mateo E Garland, Danitza Lukac, Pamela Contreras.
      The Internet is a major source of patient information on medical subjects. Several studies have evaluated the content of English medical material for patient use. However, few have focused on evaluating other languages, an important gap in a growing Spanish-speaking population. The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare English and Spanish online content related to pancreatic cancer treatment. We conducted a Google web search in English and Spanish using the following terms "pancreatic cancer treatment" and "tratamiento cancer de pancreas." The first 15 educational patient-directed websites for each language were included. Two independent reviewers assessed materials for quality and understandability using the DISCERN and the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT)-validated tools. Readability was measured using two standardized tests. Wilcoxon rank sum test and unpaired Student's T-test were used for comparisons. Overall, websites in Spanish and English were understandable and had moderate to high quality. There were no significant differences in quality (p = 0.712) and understandability (p = 0.069) between languages. Readability level was significantly higher in English (p < 0.001) with content being at the university level, while Spanish was at the 12th grade level. Patient-directed online content on pancreatic cancer treatments exceeds the recommended reading level in both languages. Material is understandable with reasonable quality. Health content creators should acknowledge readability for information to be easily comprehended by those with lower health literacy.
    Keywords:  Hispanic population; Medical education; Online health information; Pancreatic cancer; Quality; Readability; Understandability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-022-02171-x
  23. Braz Oral Res. 2022 ;pii: S1806-83242022000100245. [Epub ahead of print]36 e052
    Factors associated with dentists' search for oral health information during the COVID-19 pandemic.
    Ana Sofia Baptista, Alex Junio Silva Cruz, Teresa Pinho, Mauro Henrique Abreu, Isabela Almeida Pordeus, Júnia Maria Serra-Negra.
      The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the factors associated with the search by Brazilian and Portuguese dentists for oral health information on social networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 597 Brazilian and Portuguese dentists answered an online questionnaire between January 17 and 31, 2021. Respondents were asked about sociodemographic data, weight and height, hours of sleep per night, screen time for work and leisure, and where they sought information about general and/or oral health for themselves and for their loved ones and information about COVID-19. Descriptive statistics and binary regression were used for the statistical analysis. Most participants were Brazilian (62.8%) and 451 (75.5%) were female. Mean age was 42.1 years (± 12.5 years). For every lost hour of sleep, the chances of participants frequently or always searching for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 1.33 times. For every additional hour spent on social networks or on the Internet, the likelihood of participants frequently searching for self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites increased by 17% (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.06-1.30). Individuals who searched the Internet for information about COVID-19 symptoms before consulting their doctors were 3.85 times more likely (95% CI: 2.22-6.67) to frequently or always search for information about self-perceived oral health problems on lay websites. Dentists used lay websites to search for general and oral health knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic, and shorter sleep duration favored screen use.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0052
  24. Bioinformatics. 2022 Apr 20. pii: btac284. [Epub ahead of print]
    Dug: A Semantic Search Engine Leveraging Peer-Reviewed Knowledge to Query Biomedical Data Repositories.
    Alexander M Waldrop, John B Cheadle, Kira Bradford, Alexander Preiss, Robert Chew, Jonathan R Holt, Yaphet Kebede, Nathan Braswell, Matt Watson, Virginia Hench, Andrew Crerar, Chris M Ball, Carl Schreep, P J Linebaugh, Hannah Hiles, Rebecca Boyles, Chris Bizon, Ashok Krishnamurthy, Steve Cox.
       MOTIVATION: As the number of public data resources continues to proliferate, identifying relevant datasets across heterogenous repositories is becoming critical to answering scientific questions. To help researchers navigate this data landscape, we developed Dug: a semantic search tool for biomedical datasets utilizing evidence-based relationships from curated knowledge graphs to find relevant datasets and explain why those results are returned.
    RESULTS: Developed through the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) BioData Catalyst ecosystem, Dug has indexed more than 15,911 study variables from public datasets. On a manually curated search dataset, Dug's total recall (total relevant results/total results) of 0.79 outperformed default Elasticsearch's total recall of 0.76. When using synonyms or related concepts as search queries, Dug (0.36) far outperformed Elasticsearch (0.14) in terms of total recall with no significant loss in the precision of its top results.
    AVAILABILITY: Dug is freely available at https://github.com/helxplatform/dug. An example Dug deployment is also available for use at https://search.biodatacatalyst.renci.org/.
    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btac284
  25. Int J Spine Surg. 2022 Apr;16(2): 272-277
    Assessment of the Quality of Information of YouTube Videos Regarding Cervical Disc Replacement.
    Tanushk Luke Brito Martyn, Joseph Frederick Baker.
       BACKGROUND: Patients have been shown to use YouTube as a source of information regarding medical procedures. There is currently limited information regarding the quality and educational content of information regarding cervical disc replacement (CDR). The purpose of this study was to determine the quality and educational content of YouTube videos on CDR using a procedure-specific scoring system.
    METHODS: A search was performed on YouTube using the phrase "cervical disc replacement." The first 50 videos were included in this study. Video data were collected, including the title, duration, provider type, number of views, days since upload, number of comments, and the number of likes and dislikes. The videos were also assessed using the JAMA and Global Quality Score criteria for video quality and educational content, as well as a cervical disc replacement-specific score (CDRSS) was devised for this study.
    RESULTS: The average number of views was 73785.2. The average video duration was 5.9 minutes. Overall, video quality and educational content were low. The largest proportion of videos was classified as "surgeon professional" at 32%. The average CDRSS was 4.7. None of the quality measure scores recorded correlated with video variables.
    CONCLUSION: Videos concerning CDR were available for review on YouTube. The educational quality and reliability of these videos were low.
    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We suggest that other sources of information be utilized by patients and surgeons as an adjunct for education and informed consent regarding CDR.
    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 6.
    Keywords:  cervical disc replacement; cervical spine; patient education as topic
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14444/8214
  26. Int J Spine Surg. 2022 Apr;16(2): 283-290
    Analysis of Lumbar Fusion and Lumbar Arthroplasty Videos on YouTube.
    Andrew Lee Muller, Joseph F Baker.
       BACKGROUND: Patients often use the internet for information on their spinal surgeries. The goal of this study was to assess and compare the quality of lumbar fusion and arthroplasty videos on YouTube and to identify predictors of video quality.
    STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional.
    METHODS: YouTube was searched utilizing 3 search terms for both lumbar fusion and lumbar arthroplasty. Fifty videos from each search were categorized and analyzed. Videos were analyzed using 3 scoring systems: JAMA, informative, and clinical scores. The JAMA score rates online information based on 4 factors: authorship, attribution, disclosure, and currency. The informative score previously devised by Zhang et al was also applied to each video. Finally, 2 surgery-specific scores were created for lumbar fusion and lumbar arthroplasty based on peer-reviewed information. These were modeled on the informed consent procedure. Data analysis was conducted using the Jamovi 1.1.9.0.
    RESULTS: Eighty-four unique lumbar fusion videos and 82 lumbar arthroplasty videos were analyzed. Educational videos were the most common in fusion (78%) and arthroplasty (47%) groups; however, arthroplasty videos were more likely to be commercial (17%, P = 0.01). Fusion videos were more viewed (P < 0.001); however, arthroplasty videos had higher positivity ratings (P < 0.01). Overall, quality was poor for videos in both categories. Mean JAMA scores were 1.57 and 1.70 for fusion and arthroplasty, respectively, and did not differ significantly (P = 0.32). Fusion videos had higher informative scores (1.57 vs 1.23, P = 0.02) and higher clinical scores (21.8% vs 15.9%, P = 0.06).
    CONCLUSION: Information on YouTube for lumbar fusion and arthroplasty is poor. However, information on fusion is better than arthroplasty. Metadata can be used to help patients pick higher quality videos.
    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This paper provides clinicians with an oversight of what their patients may accessing on the internet. Patients may have incorrect information regarding the surgical proceedure they are being offered. These misconceptions must be resovled in order to gain true informed consent from the patient and avoid damage to the surgeon-patient relationship.
    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3:
    Keywords:  JAMA score; YouTube; arthroplasty; commercial; consent; educational; fusion; information; internet; lumbar; online; quality; videos; web
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14444/8216
  27. Urol Oncol. 2022 Apr 18. pii: S1078-1439(22)00073-4. [Epub ahead of print]
    Is YouTube a good resource for patients to better understand kidney cancer?
    Rutul D Patel, Chiya Abramowitz, Ethan Shamsian, Kennedy E Okhawere, Antony Deluxe, Oluwatoyin Ayo-Farai, Talia G Korn, Kirolos N Meilika, Ketan K Badani.
       OBJECTIVE: To assesses the complexity, reliability, and quality of the most popular kidney cancer videos on YouTube.
    METHODS: We searched YouTube using phrases relevant to kidney cancer and grouped videos based on publishing channel type. Video parameters along with complexity, reliability, and quality scores were recorded. Video complexity was determined using the SMOG index. SMOG scores greater than 6.4 equate to content that is too complex for the general public. Video quality and reliability was scored by 5 reviewers using the Global Quality Scale and a modified DISCERN criteria. All categorical and numerical variables were analyzed via independent t-test and 1-way analysis of variance using SPSS.
    RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one videos were analyzed. The most popular publishing channel types are professional development (n = 65), medical institutions (n = 27), student education (n = 9), and nonprofit organization (n = 4). Professional development videos are significantly more complex than medical institution videos (mean SMOG score of 11.1 vs. 9.4, P = 0.004), and nonprofit organization videos (11.1 vs. 7.8, P = 0.003). Compared to medical institution videos, professional development videos have fewer mean total views (876 views vs. 17,554, P = 0.016), mean views per month (14.92 views vs. 351.7, P = 0.007), and mean comments (1 comment vs. 18, P = 0.038). Both professional development videos and medical institution videos are more reliable than student education videos (mean DISCERN score of 3.9 vs. 2.9, P < 0.001).
    CONCLUSION: There is a lack of understandable and reliable kidney cancer videos on YouTube. Moreover, the majority of kidney cancer videos are intended for medical professionals and may be too complex for the general public. The medical community has the opportunity to make an active effort to provide better resources for patients on YouTube.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2022.02.023
  28. Int J Spine Surg. 2022 Apr;16(2): 278-282
    Analysis of the Quality, Reliability, and Educational Content of YouTube Videos Concerning Spine Tumors.
    Michelle A Richardson, Won Park, David N Bernstein, Addisu Mesfin.
       BACKGROUND: Given the high volume of user traffic to YouTube, it is important that the medical information disseminated on this platform is of high quality. Unfortunately, previous studies have demonstrated this to not be the case. We aimed to evaluate the quality and educational content of YouTube videos concerning spine tumors using 2 previously validated assessment tools.
    METHODS: The first 50 videos returned by the keyword search "spine tumor" were included in the study. The JAMA benchmark criteria (range: 0-4) were used to assess video reliability, whereas the Global Quality Score (GQS) (range: 0-5) was used to determine educational quality and content.
    RESULTS: Videos were primarily authored by academic medical groups (80%), while content was primarily related to disease-specific information (44%) or the patient experience (24%). Surgical treatment options and nonsurgical management were discussed in 66% and 50% of all videos, respectively. Sixty percent of videos reported benefits of treatment, while 44% reported potential risks or complications. The average JAMA score and GQS were 3.1 ± 0.27 (range: 3-4) and 2.6 ± 1.3 (range: 1-5), respectively. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that video duration (β = 0.00697, P = 0.04) and number of views (β = 0.000018, P = 0.001) were positively associated with JAMA score. Video duration and number of dislikes were associated with higher GQS (β = 0.041, P = 0.025) and lower GQS (β = -0.189, P = 0.04), respectively. Lastly, number of days since upload was associated with lower Video Power Index (β = -0.003, P = 0.003).
    CONCLUSIONS: The reliability, quality, and educational content of YouTube videos were poor to suboptimal. Physicians should be wary of the education provided by YouTube on spine tumors and guide patients in seeking out additional sources of information.
    CLINICAL RELEVANCE: YouTube videos are commonly viewed by patients seeking health information on spine tumors. While certain videos may provide useful information, the absence of an editorial process allows videos with poor reliability and low quality to be uploaded. We believe these findings may be useful to physicians seeking ways to better guide their patients with the most appropriate educational tools throughout their disease management.
    Keywords:  YouTube; metastasis; patient education; quality; reliability; spine tumor
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.14444/8215
  29. JMIR Form Res. 2022 Apr 15. 6(4): e28135
    The Quality of Internet Websites for People Experiencing Psychosis: Pilot Expert Assessment.
    Kay Wilhelm, Tonelle Handley, Catherine McHugh, David Lowenstein, Kristy Arrold.
       BACKGROUND: Clinicians need to be able to assess the quality of the available information to aid clinical decision-making. The internet has become an important source of health information for consumers and their families.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to rate the quality of websites with psychosis-related information (to provide clinicians with a basis for recommending material to guide clinical decision-making with consumers and their families), using a validated instrument as well as a purpose-developed checklist, and consider improvement in quality over a 4-year period.
    METHODS: Two measures of website quality were used: the DISCERN scale and the Psychosis Website Quality Checklist (PWQC). Terms related to psychosis, including "psychotic," "psychosis," "schizophrenia," "delusion," and "hallucination," were entered into Google, and the first 25 results were analyzed. In total, 6 raters with varying health professional backgrounds were used to evaluate the websites across two time points: January-March 2014 and January-March 2018.
    RESULTS: Of the 25 websites rated, only the 6 highest ranked websites achieved a DISCERN score, indicating that they were of "good" quality (51-62 out of a possible 75), while the mean score of the websites (mean 43.96, SD 12.08) indicated an overall "fair" quality. The PWQC revealed that websites scored highly on "availability and usability" (mean 16.82, SD 3.96) but poorly on "credibility" (mean 20.99, SD 6.68), "currency" (mean 5.16, SD 2.62), and "breadth and accuracy" (mean 77.87, SD 23.20). Most sites lacked information about early intervention, recreational drug use and suicide risk, with little change in content over time. Stating an editorial or review process on the website (found in 56% of websites) was significantly associated with a higher quality score on both scales (the DISCERN scale, P=.002; the PWQC, P=.006).
    CONCLUSIONS: The information on the internet available for clinicians to recommend to people affected by psychosis tended to be of "fair" quality. While higher-quality websites exist, it is generally not easy way to assess this on face value. Evidence of an editorial or review process was one indicator of website quality. While sites generally provided basic clinical information, most lacked material addressing weighing up risks and benefits of medication and alternatives, the role of coercive treatment and other more contentious issues. Insufficient emphasis is placed on detailed information on early intervention and importance of lifestyle modifications or how families and friends can contribute. These are likely to be the very answers that consumers and carers are seeking and this gap contributes to unmet needs among this group. We suggest that clinicians should be aware of what is available and where there are gaps.
    Keywords:  Australia; DISCERN; accessibility; consumers; eHealth; electronic health; health information; mental health; patient empowerment; patients; psychosis; quality; reliability; schizophrenia; website; websites
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/28135
  30. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Apr 14. pii: 4745. [Epub ahead of print]19(8):
    Exploring the Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior in a Sample of Italian Women: The "SEI Donna" Study.
    Loredana Covolo, Miriam Guana, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Laura Brunelli, Silvana Castaldi, Antonella De Donno, Alessandra Mereu, Marco Verani, Umberto Gelatti.
      There is much discussion about the skills of people in understanding and managing online health information. The Italian survey "SEI Donna" aimed to investigate perceptions and use of the web in women regarding health issues considering their health literacy (HL) and healthcare skills. We used an online questionnaire to explore different aspects of online health-related information-seeking behavior. The study participants (n = 7027) were categorized into healthcare workers (HW), healthcare students (HS), and non-healthcare women (non-HW). Half the sample (52%) searched online for a second opinion after the medical examination without statistical difference among HW, HS, and non-HW. Women in the age range of 26-40 years (OR = 1.28, p &lt; 0.001), having chronic illness (OR = 1.48; p &lt; 0.001), and being moderately (OR = 1.58; p &lt; 0.001) or not satisfied (OR = 2.04; p &lt; 0.001) with healthcare professionals were more likely to use the Internet to seek medical insight. Overall, 34% of women had a functional HL, the same being higher in HW (64%) and in HS (43%) than the rest of the women (18%) (p &lt; 0.0001). The suboptimal HL suggests the need to improve HL in the general population to be skilled in surfing the web and, at the same time, to reorganize health training to improve the HL of healthcare professionals, also enriching their communication skills.
    Keywords:  eHealth literacy; health literacy; healthcare workers; online health information seeking; public health; survey; women
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084745
  31. Gerontologist. 2022 Apr 22. pii: gnac059. [Epub ahead of print]
    The role of information in later life sexuality: An invitation for further exploration.
    Nicole K Dalmer, Barbara L Marshall.
      Despite the key role of information in realizing, questioning, or respecting one's sexual health, individuals' engagement with information about sex and sexuality remains understudied, particularly in older adult populations. Beginning with current understandings of later life sexuality to contextualize how older adults may need, use, and manage information about their sexual lives and practices, this forum article follows with what is currently known about older adults' sexuality-related information needs and practices. We conclude with an invitation for collaboration between gerontologists and Library and Information Science scholars and professionals as a means to step outside the medicalization of older adults' sexuality and bolster our understandings of how information and later life sexuality are mututally shaping.
    Keywords:  Library and information science; Older adults; Public libraries; Sexual health; Sexual rights
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnac059
  32. Br Dent J. 2022 Apr;232(8): 569-575
    How to appraise the literature: basic principles for the busy clinician - part 2: systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
    Aslam Alkadhimi, Samuel Reeves, Andrew T DiBiase.
      With the increasing numbers of primary research papers being published in dentistry and healthcare in general, it is almost impossible for busy clinicians to keep up with the literature. Reviews summarising the outcomes of trials can therefore be a considerably efficient tool for obtaining the relevant information about what works and what does not. To this end, systematic reviews are critical in summarising the best available evidence and providing an indication of its strength. However, as with clinical trials, they can be difficult to interpret, of varying quality and dependent on the studies they include. This is the second part of a two-part series and will discuss the principles of critically appraising systematic reviews and meta-analyses. It follows on from part one, which focused on appraising randomised controlled trials.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41415-022-4151-8
  33. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): 258-263
    Dr. Howard A. Kelly's The Stereo Clinic: health science pedagogy and the egalitarian future of 3D clinical visualization.
    Sebastian C Galbo, Keith C Mages.
      This article situates emerging three-dimensional (3D) visualization technologies in the health sciences within the broader historical context of the stereoscope. Although 3D visualization technologies enhance pedagogy and deepen student engagement, they are generally cost-prohibitive and therefore inaccessible for many institutions. In light of this issue, the authors consider the work of American gynecologist and founding member of The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, Dr. Howard Atwood Kelly (1858-1943). A monumental work, Kelly's The Stereo Clinic is a multivolume publication whose focal point was the stereoscope, an image-viewing device that can be seen as a prototype for present-day 3D technologies. Each installment presents a step-by-step overview of a specific surgical procedure using a didactic narrative and corresponding stereoscopic images that illustrate the clinical practices. Significantly, Kelly understood The Stereo Clinic as an egalitarian project that provided high-quality educational resources to students and practicing physicians who did not have access to world-class clinical suites and teaching institutions. Furthermore, he viewed The Stereo Clinic as a remedy to the commonplace frustrations of medical education, such as crowded surgical suites, and the hazards of in-person observation. The Stereo Clinic is an important case study because it reveals a medical profession at the turn of the twentieth century preoccupied with 3D visualization. Inventive clinicians such as Kelly did not only advocate for this technology on the strength of its pedagogical value; they also articulated the equalitarian nature of this medium and produced 3D technology accessible to a wide audience.
    Keywords:  3D; health sciences education; history of medicine; pedagogy; stereoscope; stereoscopic imagery
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1450
  34. J Med Libr Assoc. 2022 Apr 01. 110(2): E32
    Erratum to "Performance of gender detection tools: a comparative study of name-to-gender inference services," 2021;109(3):414-21 and "Using genderize.io to infer the gender of first names: how to improve the accuracy of the inference," 2021;109(4):609-12.
    Paul Sebo.
      [This corrects the article DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2021.1185.][This corrects the article DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2021.1252.].
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2022.1528
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