bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2020–08–30
twenty-six papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society



  1. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 353-363
      Reflective practice is a strategy promoted as a way to improve professional performance and to develop expertise. Intentional reflection on work situations can lead to improved understanding of a specific situation, identify strategies for similar situations in the future, and uncover assumptions that hinder service to patrons. Research has identified lack of knowledge to be a barrier to health sciences librarians engaging in reflective practice. This article introduces the use of intentional reflection at work: what it is, how it helps, and how it can be applied in librarianship. It also provides practical advice on how to choose a format, how to use a model to guide reflection, and how to incorporate it into work.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.938
  2. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 480-486
       Background: A mutually beneficial need exists between postdoctoral scholars (postdocs) who want to grow their science communication, networking, and teaching skills and those in the general health sciences research community who want to learn more about specialized topics. Recognizing this need, interdepartmental teams at two public universities began offering postdocs a teaching opportunity at their health sciences libraries, which serve as discipline-neutral learning spaces for researchers.
    Case Presentation: At the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt) and Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), postdocs are invited to submit talk proposals on "how to do something" related to the health sciences. Selected postdoc speakers conduct one-hour talks, get science communication and teaching support, have their talks uploaded to YouTube, and receive feedback from attendees.
    Conclusions: Postdoc participants appreciated being able to participate in this program, and attendees strongly indicated that the talks are of value. At VCU, surveys of the 25 talks from 2015-2018 showed that 91% of attendees believed they had a better understanding of the topic because of their attendance, and 85% planned to use the knowledge they gained. More than a year after their talks, several postdocs across both institutions informed the coordinators that they were subsequently contacted for advice or further discussion, with 2 postdocs stating that it helped them with job opportunities. This model can be easily adapted at other health sciences libraries to benefit their academic communities.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.902
  3. Health Info Libr J. 2020 Aug 28.
      This study explores how a three-way collaboration between a University library, writing centre and faculty created avenues of training and support for students within a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) program in an American University. The role of each partner involved in the collaboration is discussed alongside the profile of the DNP students. Lesson planning and classroom techniques for DNP information literacy classes are described and feedback from the partners and the students are discussed. The study confirms that collaboration is effective in improving research and writing skills.D.I.
    Keywords:  United States of America (USA); academic; education; education, nursing; graduate; information literacy; libraries; research skills
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12327
  4. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020 Aug 26. 20(1): 217
       BACKGROUND: Realist methodologies are increasingly being used to evaluate complex interventions in health and social care. Programme theory (ideas and assumptions of how a particular intervention works) development is the first step in a realist evaluation or a realist synthesis, with literature reviews providing important evidence to support this. Deciding how to search for programme theories is challenging and there is limited guidance available. Using an example of identifying programme theories for a realist evaluation of Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Instruments in clinical practice, the authors explore and compare several different approaches to literature searching and highlight important methodological considerations for those embarking on a programme theory review.
    METHODS: We compared the performance of an academic database search with a simple Google search and developed an optimised search strategy for the identification primary references (i.e. documents providing the clearest examples of programme theories) associated with the use of Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Instruments (PU-RAIs). We identified the number of primary references and the total number of references retrieved per source. We then calculated the number needed to read (NNR) expressed as the total number of titles and abstracts screened to identify one relevant reference from each source.
    RESULTS: The academic database search (comprising CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, HMIC, Medline) identified 2 /10 primary references with a NNR of 1395.The Google search identified 7/10 primary references with a NNR of 10.1. The combined NNR was 286.3. The optimised search combining Google and CINAHL identified 10/10 primary references with a NNR of 40.2.
    CONCLUSION: The striking difference between the efficiency of the review's academic database and Google searches in finding relevant references prompted an in-depth comparison of the two types of search. The findings indicate the importance of including grey literature sources such as Google in this particular programme theory search, while acknowledging the need for transparency of methods. Further research is needed to facilitate improved guidance for programme theory searches to enhance practice in the realist field and to save researcher time and therefore resource.
    Keywords:  Information retrieval; Internet; Literature searching; Programme theory; Realist evaluation; Scoping review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-01084-x
  5. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 364-377
       Objective: This study seeks to gain initial insight into what is talked about and whose voices are heard at Medical Library Association (MLA) annual meetings.
    Methods: Meeting abstracts were downloaded from the MLA website and converted to comma-separated values (CSV) format. Descriptive analysis in Python identified the number of presentations, disambiguated authors, author collaboration, institutional affiliation type, and geographic affiliation. Topics were generated using Mallet's Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm for topic modeling.
    Results: There were 5,781 presentations at MLA annual meetings from 2001-2019. Author disambiguation resulted in approximately 5,680 unique authors. One thousand ninety-three records included a hospital-related keyword in the author field, and 4,517 records included an academic-related keyword. There were 438 presentations with at least 1 international author. The topic model identified 16 topics in the MLA abstract corpus: events, electronic resources, publications, evidence-based practice, collections, academic instruction, librarian roles and relationships, technical systems, special collections, general instruction, literature searching, surveys, research support, community outreach, patient education, and library services.
    Conclusions: Academic librarians presented more frequently than hospital librarians, though more research should be done to determine if this discrepancy was disproportionate to hospital librarians' representation in MLA. Geographic affiliation was concentrated in the United States and appeared to be related to population density. Health sciences librarians in the early twenty-first century are spending more time at MLA annual meetings talking about communities, relationships, and visible services, and less time talking about library collections and operations. Further research will be needed to boost the participation of underrepresented members.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.836
  6. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 518-519
      Lean Library. Delft 48, 2611 CD Delft, Netherlands; https://www.leanlibrary.com/; three modules are available under the umbrella product of Lean Library: Library Access, Library Assist, and Library Alternatives; pricing is based partially on the number of modules implemented; libraries should contact the vendor for pricing.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.976
  7. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 408-419
       Objective: This study describes and assesses services, staffing practices, and trends in academic health sciences libraries that serve accredited college of osteopathic medicine (COM) programs in the United States.
    Methods: The study was conducted in three phases. In phase one, the investigators collected data on library services and staffing through the publicly facing websites of the COM libraries. In phase two, thirty-five COM library directors were invited to complete a survey regarding their services, staffing, supported programs, and students served. In phase three, seven COM library directors participated in phone interviews regarding services that increased their visibility, their motivation to offer expanded services, adequacy of staffing, and competencies required for new librarian roles. The investigators incorporated the Medical Library Association (MLA) competencies as a framework to structure the results.
    Results: Phase one identified 35 COM libraries serving between 162 and 8,281 students. In phase two, 30 out of a possible 35 survey respondents indicated that the top services offered or considered by COM libraries were in the MLA competency areas of "Instruction & Instructional Design" and "Evidence-Based Practice & Research." In addition, we discovered that COM libraries had a median of 10 full-time equivalent (FTE) staff per 1,000 students. Phase three data revealed that library directors attributed their libraries' success to the skills and talents of their staff, the wide range of resources and services they offered, and the desirability of their physical spaces. Library directors identified skills in the same MLA competency areas as phase two, as well as in the MLA competency areas of "Information Management" and "Leadership & Management," as being desirable for new staff.
    Conclusion: The study results provide information for medical school administrators and library directors to help identify trends across US osteopathic medical schools in order to justify the need for additional services and staffing. These results can assist medical and library leadership in COM schools in planning for their future academic health sciences libraries. Finally, the findings could assist programs in library and information sciences in redesigning their curriculums based on the MLA competencies for students who seek future careers in academic health sciences libraries.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.862
  8. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 498-499
      Response to Schoones JW. Redundancy of terms is not an error but plays a positive role in composing search strategies [letter to the editor]. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jan;108(1):118-9. DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2020.780. Comment on Salvador-Oliván JA, Marco-Cuenca G, Arquero-Avilés R. Errors in search strategies used in systematic reviews and their effects on information retrieval. J Med Libr Assoc. 2019 Apr;107(2):210-21. DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2019.567. and Salvador-Oliván JA, Marco-Cuenca G, Arquero-Avilés R. Response to "Redundancy of terms is not an error but plays a positive role in composing search strategies" [letter to the editor]. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jan;108(1):118-9. DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2020.832.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.936
  9. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 440-451
       Objective: This study assessed health sciences librarians' attitudes toward interprofessional collaboration using the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS) and gathered information on their involvement with interprofessional activities.
    Methods: The authors sent a survey to librarians in the Medical Library Association's (MLA's) Interprofessional Education Special Interest Group and Research Section consisting of the IEPS and questions about their prior and current experiences with interprofessional practice and education (IPE). We compared mean IEPS scores between each MLA group and several other demographic factors to assess differences in attitudes. We also compared librarians' IEPS scores with those of previously published health professional students' IEPS scores and thematically analyzed two open-ended questions.
    Results: Health sciences librarians' scores on the IEPS indicated positive attitudes toward IPE. There were no statistically significant differences between any group. Health sciences librarians' mean IEPS score was similar to the mean score of health professions students from a prior study. The most commonly reported interprofessional activity was teaching or facilitating learning activities for health professions students; fewer served on committees or engaged in non-curricular activities such as grand rounds and book clubs.
    Conclusion: Health sciences librarians in this study reported positive attitudes toward IPE, in line with the majority of other previously studied health professionals. Years of experience, previous health professional careers, and experience supporting IPE as a librarian had little bearing on the responses to the survey. This suggests that health sciences librarians have positive attitudes toward IPE, regardless of whether they directly support IPE programs or participate in interprofessional activities.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.804
  10. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 487-493
       Background: An evidence-based practice (EBP) team at an academic medical center supports the development of evidence-based hospital policies and protocols via "Evidence Briefs." An early career librarian was added to the EBP team to meet increased requests for Evidence Briefs, which provided an opportunity to initiate a quality improvement (QI) analysis, improve work flow, and cross-train staff on literature searching and article selection skills.
    Case Presentation: This QI project evaluated literature searching and article selection skills of an early career librarian (less than 2 years' experience), a mid-career librarian (more than 10 years' experience), and a critical appraisal expert. This project examined 10 Evidence Brief requests completed within a 6-month period. Analysis of each individual's performance of literature searching and article selection was completed for each Evidence Brief. Across all Evidence Brief requests, the mid-career librarian performed the most comprehensive literature searches and captured the highest number of articles that ultimately ended up being included in Evidence Briefs (75%). The critical appraisal expert performed best on the article selection portion of the project and identified the highest number of relevant articles that were included in Evidence Briefs (74%).
    Conclusions: This project provided a formalized method of assessing the literature searching and article selection skills of each member of the EBP team. This project illustrated the skill level of each individual and led to improvements in the Evidence Brief request work flow.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.865
  11. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 452-462
       Objective: Voting in professional associations is critical for selecting leaders who will implement a desirable vision for an association. Members of the Medical Library Association (MLA) were surveyed to assess their attitudes and perceptions of the voting process to elect the MLA national offices of president and members of the Board of Directors and Nominating Committee. Survey data were also used to test the hypothesis that committed MLA members are more likely to always vote.
    Methods: SurveyMonkey was used to deliver a 46-question survey to 2,671 email addresses of MLA members who were eligible to vote. Survey data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches.
    Results: A total of 676 responses were received, resulting in a 25% response rate. Respondents indicated that the most desired qualities in candidates included experience in professional positions, contributions to MLA, and a vision for the association, whereas candidates' personal characteristics were rarely considered. Respondents expressed doubts about the use of a single slate, had positive views of campaigning but were doubtful about its impact, and were generally accepting of the current voting process. Committed MLA members were significantly more likely to always vote in MLA national elections.
    Conclusions: The survey results provide insight into understanding the concerns and motivations of MLA voters and add to the limited literature on professional association voting.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.480
  12. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 503-512
       Objective: The goal of this survey by the Medical Library Association (MLA) Diversity and Inclusion Task Force was to have a better understanding of the demographics of the association as well as ascertain how the membership feels about MLA's diversity efforts.
    Methods: A survey was created with the input of both task force members as well as MLA professional staff. It was administered via SurveyMonkey and distributed through email over the course of two weeks in October 2019.
    Results: The demographics portion of the survey-beyond asking the usual questions about race or ethnicity (72% white), age (65% between 30 and 59), and so on-also asked questions that were more specific to diversity including, but not limited to, gender representation (79% female), sexuality (67% heterosexual), military service (97% have never served), ability (26% have anxiety sometimes or in certain situations), and college financial aid (49% used federal student loans). Diversity-specific questions asked about diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the association: 59% strongly agreed or agreed that MLA has a strong commitment to DEI; 54% felt that the amount of time that association was spending on DEI issues was just about right; and 56% were very satisfied or satisfied with the DEI environment at MLA. Members also reported feeling like they belonged in MLA (59%), they were treated with respect (77%), and they were valued by MLA (59%).
    Conclusion: The survey paints a picture of the membership that is much deeper than any previously conducted membership survey. It shows the diversity of membership, especially in terms of ability and religion. Generally, the membership feels that MLA is right on target with the level of focus that MLA is giving issues of diversity. This survey reinforces the diversity work that has been done and supports diversity work in MLA in the future.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.948
  13. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 494-497
      In a time of unprecedented and rapid change, what are the roles of librarians and archivists in documenting the course of a pandemic?
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.986
  14. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 398-407
       Objective: The authors examined the current state of service delivery, collections, and challenges in Nigerian medical libraries.
    Methods: We employed a descriptive mixed method research design using a cross-sectional quantitative survey of Nigerian medical librarians and qualitative interviews with heads of selected Nigerian medical libraries.
    Results: Respondents indicated that the US National Library of Medicine classification scheme is most commonly used to organize the resources of medical libraries in Nigeria. Respondents indicated that library users have a high understanding about the library but exhibit low usage of library services. Nigerian medical libraries have social media accounts but use them infrequently. Most medical librarians do not provide specialized services to health care professionals, and monographs are the major information resources in their collections. Most medical librarians in Nigeria have beginner-level knowledge of systematic reviews and evidence-based medicine and rarely organize training for library users.
    Conclusion: Our findings show that services offered by medical libraries in Nigeria are still evolving. Identified skill deficits among medical librarians need to be addressed. The country's library associations and international programs in developing countries should focus on providing continuing education and training of Nigerian medical librarians to enhance their support for medical education and practice in Nigeria.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.607
  15. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 463-479
       Objective: This research identified the presence of information skill and behaviors components of information literacy in curricular competencies to inform a medical sciences library's instructional schema for five different professional programs at Texas A&M University: College of Medicine, College of Nursing, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, and School of Public Health.
    Methods: Curricular competency documents were collected from each program and reviewed. Coding categories were identified from the curricular competencies of professional health curricula using data-driven qualitative coding. To guide the identification and coding of competency categories, we developed a seven-category rubric from the coding categories. Three researchers used this rubric to independently code the categories of all of the included professional health curricular competencies. An additional researcher used a revised version of the rubric to identify action verbs in each competency.
    Results: Competencies for four of the five professional health curricula explicitly stated information skills and behaviors. Each of the five curricula included several competencies that depended on information-specific skills and behaviors. The most common verb used to describe implicit or explicit competencies was "evaluate."
    Conclusions: The representation of information skills and behaviors aligns with the drive behind the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. Both underpin the importance of evidence-based medicine methodology.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.833
  16. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 420-427
       Background: Librarians teach evidence-based medicine (EBM) and information-seeking principles in undergraduate, graduate, and post-graduate medical education. These curricula are informed by medical education standards, medical education competencies, information literacy frameworks, and background literature on EBM and teaching. As this multidimensional body of knowledge evolves, librarians must adapt their teaching and involvement with medical education. Identifying explicit connections between the information literacy discipline and the field of medical education requires ongoing attention to multiple guideposts but offers the potential to leverage information literacy skills in the larger health sciences education sphere.
    Methods: A subgroup of the Association of Academic Health Sciences Libraries Competency-Based Medical Education Task Force cross-referenced medical education documents (Core Entrustable Professional Activities and 2017-2018 Liaison Committee on Medical Education Functions and Structures of a Medical School) with the Association of College & Research Libraries Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education using nominal group technique.
    Results: In addition to serving as a vocabulary, the map can also be used to identify gaps between and opportunities for enhancing the scholarly expectations of undergraduate and graduate medical education standards and the building blocks of information literacy education.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.645
  17. J Med Libr Assoc. 2020 Jul 01. 108(3): 378-388
       Objective: In 2018, the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL) Health Sciences Interest Group convened a working group to update the 2013 Information Literacy Competency Standards for Nursing to be a companion document to the 2016 Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education. To create this companion document, the working group first needed to understand how nursing faculty approached information literacy (IL) instruction.
    Methods: The working group designed a survey that assessed how nursing faculty utilized IL principles in coursework and instruction. The survey consisted of nineteen mixed methods questions and was distributed to nursing faculty at eight institutions across the United States.
    Results: Most (79%) faculty indicated that they use a variety of methods to teach IL principles in their courses. While only 12% of faculty incorporated a version of the ACRL IL competencies in course design, they were much more likely to integrate nursing educational association standards. Faculty perceptions of the relevance of IL skills increased as the education level being taught increased.
    Conclusion: The integration of IL instruction into nursing education has mostly been achieved through using standards from nursing educational associations. Understanding these standards and understanding how faculty perceptions of the relevance of IL skills change with educational levels will guide the development of a companion document that librarians can use to collaborate with nurse educators to integrate IL instruction throughout nursing curriculums at course and program levels.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2020.841
  18. Front Med (Lausanne). 2020 ;7 400
      The fact that Internet companies may record our personal data and track our online behavior for commercial or political purpose has emphasized aspects related to online privacy. This has also led to the development of search engines that promise no tracking and privacy. Search engines also have a major role in spreading low-quality health information such as that of anti-vaccine websites. This study investigates the relationship between search engines' approach to privacy and the scientific quality of the information they return. We analyzed the first 30 webpages returned searching "vaccines autism" in English, Spanish, Italian, and French. The results show that not only "alternative" search engines (Duckduckgo, Ecosia, Qwant, Swisscows, and Mojeek) but also other commercial engines (Bing, Yahoo) often return more anti-vaccine pages (10-53%) than Google.com (0%). Some localized versions of Google, however, returned more anti-vaccine webpages (up to 10%) than Google.com. Health information returned by search engines has an impact on public health and, specifically, in the acceptance of vaccines. The issue of information quality when seeking information for making health-related decisions also impact the ethical aspect represented by the right to an informed consent. Our study suggests that designing a search engine that is privacy savvy and avoids issues with filter bubbles that can result from user-tracking is necessary but insufficient; instead, mechanisms should be developed to test search engines from the perspective of information quality (particularly for health-related webpages) before they can be deemed trustworthy providers of public health information.
    Keywords:  fake news; health information; information quality; misinformation; privacy; search engines; vaccines
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00400
  19. Breastfeed Med. 2020 Aug 24.
      Background: In light of the widespread use of breast milk pumping, or, "pumping," mothers are seeking clear, adequate breast pumping guidelines. We aimed at characterizing the information in web pages that mothers might find online when searching for answers related to breast pumping. Materials and Methods: We used Google to search for answers to 10 questions about pumping that mothers might ask. This search used Boolean search. We screened the first three pages of search results for each computer Google search. Each eligible hit (web pages) was evaluated for accuracy, readability, and credibility of its source. Results: Our search strategy produced 241 hits eligible for analysis. The majority of these contained accurate, readable information and were authored by credible sources. The proportion of eligible hits from questions that had a quantifiable (numeric) answer, (e.g., number of days that refrigerated milk remains safe for consumption) differed significantly (p = 0.024) from searches that did not. Search inquiries related to milk supply adequacy produced a disproportionately high number of inaccurate hits. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that accurate and credible information about breast pumping is accessible on the internet. However, practitioners should be aware that inaccurate information is present among mothers' likely hits. Our findings also underscore the fact that there are aspects of breast pumping that do not yet have guidelines available, and that these areas warrant further research. In addition, there is a need for guidelines that reflect the individual nature of the experience of breast pumping.
    Keywords:  breast pumping; breastfeeding; online; scoping review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2020.0177
  20. Plast Surg Nurs. 2020 Jul/Sep;40(3):40(3): 145-149
      Patients frequently access online resources for medical information. The National Institutes of Health and the American Medical Association recommend that to be understood by the average American, patient information should be presented at or below the sixth to seventh academic grade level. The popularity of rhytidectomy (facelift) is rising, and providers are frequently using the Internet to attract patients. All rhytidectomy information provided by 100 private practice Web sites in New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Phoenix was analyzed using Readable.io software. The information was also assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning-Fog Index, Coleman-Liau Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, Automated Readability Index, Flesch Reading Ease Score, and Fry Reading Graph tools. Analyzed material was written at a higher academic grade level than recommended for the average American. The overall average grade level was 10.99 ± 1.39. Online patient education materials about rhytidectomy provided by private practice clinics in 5 major cities of the United States were written at academic grade levels above the National Institutes of Health and American Medical Association recommended levels. This may lead to rhytidectomy patients having unrealistic or inaccurate expectations related to their surgical procedure.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/PSN.0000000000000311
  21. J Vis (Tokyo). 2020 Aug 16. 1-16
       Abstract: Many visual analytics have been developed for examining scientific publications comprising wealthy data such as authors and citations. The studies provide unprecedented insights on a variety of applications, e.g., literature review and collaboration analysis. However, visual information (e.g., figures) that is widely employed for storytelling and methods description are often neglected. We present VIStory, an interactive storyboard for exploring visual information in scientific publications. We harvest a new dataset of a large corpora of figures, using an automatic figure extraction method. Each figure contains various attributes such as dominant color and width/height ratio, together with faceted metadata of the publication including venues, authors, and keywords. To depict these information, we develop an intuitive interface consisting of three components: (1) Faceted View enables efficient query by publication metadata, benefiting from a nested table structure, (2) Storyboard View arranges paper rings-a well-designed glyph for depicting figure attributes, in a themeriver layout to reveal temporal trends, and (3) Endgame View presents a highlighted figure together with the publication metadata. We illustrate the applicability of VIStory with case studies on two datasets, i.e., 10-year IEEE VIS publications, and publications by a research team at CVPR, ICCV, and ECCV conferences. Quantitative and qualitative results from a formal user study demonstrate the efficiency of VIStory in exploring visual information in scientific publications.
    Graphical abstract:
    Keywords:  Document visualization; Faceted metadata; Image browser
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-020-00688-1
  22. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Aug 25. 22(8): e19985
       BACKGROUND: Parents commonly use the internet to search for information about their child's health-related symptoms and guide parental health-related decisions. Despite the impact of parental online health seeking on offline health behaviors, this area of research remains understudied. Previous literature has not adequately distinguished searched behaviors when searching for oneself or one`s child.
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to examine prevalences and associated variables of parent-child online health information seeking; investigate parents' health-related online behavior regarding how they find, use, and evaluate information; and identify barriers and concerns that they experience during the search. Based on this analysis, we develop a conceptual model of potentially important variables of proxy online health information seeking, with a focus on building an agenda for further research.
    METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review of the PsycINFO, JMIR, and PubMed electronic databases. Studies between January 1994 and June 2018 were considered. The conceptual model was developed using an inductive mixed methods approach based on the investigated variables in the study sample.
    RESULTS: A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria. Findings suggest that parents worldwide are heavy online users of health-related information for their children across highly diverse circumstances. A total of 6 studies found high parental health anxiety, with prevalences ranging from 14% to 52%. Although parents reported wishing for more guidance from their pediatrician on how to find reliable information, they rarely discussed retrieved information from the web. The conceptual model of proxy online health information seeking includes 49 variables.
    CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review identifies important gaps regarding the influence of health-related information on parents' health behavior and outcomes. Follow-up studies are required to offer parents guidance on how to use the web for health purposes in an effective way, as well as solutions to the multifaceted problems during or after online health information seeking for their child. The conceptual model with the number of studies in each model category listed highlights how previous studies have hardly considered relational variables between the parent and child. An agenda for future research is presented.
    Keywords:  child; digital health; health behavior; information seeking behavior; internet; parents
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/19985
  23. Int Urol Nephrol. 2020 Aug 29.
       PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of YouTube videos related to pelvic floor muscle exercise training.
    METHOD: This study was carried out on the descriptive model in order to evaluate the content, reliability and quality of the videos on YouTube related to pelvic floor muscle exercise training. "Pelvic floor muscle exercise" was searched on YouTube in English in March 2020, and a total of 107 videos were watched. Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information (DISCERN) survey was used to analyze the videos in terms of their reliabilities, and Global Quality Score (GQS) was used to evaluate their qualities.
    RESULTS: When the contents of 59 videos included in the study were examined, it was determined that 52 of them contained useful information and 7 of them contained misleading information. Comprehensiveness mean scores, DISCERN mean scores and GQS means of the useful videos were found to be statistically higher than that of the moderate and misleading videos (p < 0.05).When videos were analyzed according to the publishing sources, 84.62% (44/52) of the useful videos and 85.71% (6/7) of misleading video were observed to be published by independent health information websites. No statistically significant difference was found between the overall comprehensiveness mean scores, DISCERN mean scores, GQS means and the features of the videos according to their publishing sources.
    CONCLUSION: In this study, it was observed that the vast majority of YouTube videos on pelvic floor muscle exercise training were useful videos; the vast majority of these videos were published by independent health information websites and contained moderately safe, accurate and quality information.
    Keywords:  Pelvic floor muscle exercise; Reliability; Training; Usefulness; YouTube
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-020-02620-w
  24. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Jul;32(111): 237-241
       Introduction: More and more patients are using the Internet to achieve information these days. Most patients (85%) use search engines to look for information about health. The quality of this information that patients encounter is highly different. This study aimed to assess the quality of information that an ear, nose, and throat patient would encounter when searching for information about their problem.
    Materials and Methods: The Persian keywords of most common otolaryngology problems were searched in Google. Moreover, the first 10 websites were selected by each search for the analysis using the DISCERN instrument. This instrument is made to evaluate the comprehensiveness and quality of health-related websites.
    Results: A total of 100 websites were evaluated in this study. However, 12 (12%) websites were excluded from further analysis due to copyright problems, advertisements, traditional treatments, and other reasons. The total DISCERN score for all 88 evaluated websites was obtained at 1.89 (SD=0.49). Moreover, the highest and lowest scores were 3.66 and 1.21, respectively. The search for "otitis treatment" had the highest results (mean DISCERN score=2.20, SD=0.38). The statistical analysis showed that the mean score for the Wikipedia.com Persian website was significantly higher, compared to the other Persian websites (P< 0.001).
    Conclusion: Persian websites have information with variable quality for the treatment of otolaryngology problems. Repeated websites, such as Wikipedia.com provided better information; however, the total quality of information was not satisfying.
    Keywords:  Google; Health; Internet; Quality
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.22038/ijorl.2019.31379.2031
  25. Dermatol Ther. 2020 Aug 29.
       OBJECTIVE: Patients are increasingly seeking effective hair loss treatments. The internet and social media are popular sources of health information, but the quality and reliability of the content available to patients is highly variable. More than two thirds of American adults reported using YouTube in 2019. We investigated public interest in hair loss treatment information on YouTube and evaluated the quality of health information in videos with high viewer engagement.
    METHODS: In July 2020, we used Google Trends, limited to YouTube searches, to analyze relative interest in hair loss treatments worldwide. We searched YouTube using non-surgical and surgical hair loss treatment terms and we analyzed the retrieved video content. The DISCERN tool was used to evaluate the quality of health information in the hair loss treatment videos with highest viewer engagement.
    RESULTS: There is increasing public interest in YouTube searches for hair loss treatments. A large number of hair loss treatment videos are available on YouTube, but potential patients are likely to access mostly new content created by well-subscribed channels. Videos with high viewer engagement contain information that can be useful in guiding treatment decisions, but tend to be biased because they are intended to promote dermatology and hair restoration clinics.
    CONCLUSIONS: Patients are using YouTube as a source of hair loss treatment information. Videos created by hair restoration experts contain reliable information, but their quality can be improved by providing links to other sources. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Keywords:  FUE; FUT; YouTube; finasteride; hair loss treatment; hair transplant; minoxidil
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.14244