bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2019–09–15
eightteen papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society
  1. Classification of the journal category "oral surgery" in the Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded: flaws and suggestions.
  2. A Tool That Assesses the Evidence, Transparency, and Usability of Online Health Information: Development and Reliability Assessment.
  3. Searching for Health: Doctor Google and the Shifting Dynamics of the Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patient-Physician Relationship and Interaction.
  4. Differences in Health-Related Social Media Usage by Organizations and Individuals.
  5. Consumers' Information-Seeking Behaviors on Dietary Supplements.
  6. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Safe Sleep on Twitter: Analysis of Influences and Themes to Guide Health Promotion Efforts.
  7. The necessity to develop a national classification system for Iranian traditional medicine.
  8. Online Health Information Seeking Among US Adults: Measuring Progress Toward a Healthy People 2020 Objective.
  9. Online Information About Periviable Birth: Quality Assessment.
  10. Analysis of Internet searches using Google trends to measure interest in sun protection and skin cancer in selected South East Asian populations.
  11. Internet use for family carers of people with intellectual disabilities: A literature review and thematic synthesis.
  12. Moving Beyond the Gym: A Content Analysis of YouTube as an Information Resource for Physical Literacy.
  13. Identifying Consumers Who Search for Long-Term Care on the Web: Latent Class Analysis.
  14. Health Information-Seeking Behaviors of Family Caregivers: Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey.
  15. Social Media Outrage in Response to a School-Based Substance Use Survey: Qualitative Analysis.
  16. Varicocele Embolization: An assessment of the Quality and Readability of Online Patient Information.
  17. Social media etiquette in medicine.
  18. BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining.
  1. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019 Aug;45(4): 186-191
    Classification of the journal category "oral surgery" in the Scopus and the Science Citation Index Expanded: flaws and suggestions.
    Seong-Gon Kim.
       Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the journal category "oral surgery" in Scopus and in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE).
    Materials and Methods: The Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (JOMS), The Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (JKAOMS), and The Journal of Prosthodontic Research (JPR) were selected from the Scopus list of journals as oral surgery journals. Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (MPRS) was selected from PubMed as a Scopus oral surgery title. From these titles, 10 recently published articles were collected and used for reference analysis.
    Results: The percentage of citations from oral surgery journals was 26.7%, 24.5%, and 40.1% for JKAOMS, MPRS, and JOMS, respectively. In total, 1.1% of JPR's citations were from oral surgery journals and significantly fewer from other journals (P<0.001). The percentage of citations from dentistry journals excluding oral surgery journals was 11.9%, 34.4%, and 15.8% for JKAOMS, MPRS, and JOMS, respectively. For JPR, 80.6% of citations were from dentistry journals and significantly more were from other journals (P<0.001).
    Conclusion: Selected samples revealed that JPR is incorrectly classified as an oral surgery journal in Scopus. In addition, the scientific interaction among JKAOMS, MPRS, and JOMS was different to JPR in the reference analysis.
    Keywords:  Journal article; Journal impact factor; Oral cavity; Periodicals; Surgery
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5125/jkaoms.2019.45.4.186
  2. JMIR Aging. 2018 May 07. 1(1): e3
    A Tool That Assesses the Evidence, Transparency, and Usability of Online Health Information: Development and Reliability Assessment.
    Maureen Dobbins, Susannah Watson, Kristin Read, Kelly Graham, Reza Yousefi Nooraie, Anthony J Levinson.
       BACKGROUND: The internet is commonly used by older adults to obtain health information and this trend has markedly increased in the past decade. However, studies illustrate that much of the available online health information is not informed by good quality evidence, developed in a transparent way, or easy to use. Furthermore, studies highlight that the general public lacks the skills necessary to distinguish between online products that are credible and trustworthy and those that are not. A number of tools have been developed to assess the evidence, transparency, and usability of online health information; however, many have not been assessed for reliability or ease of use.
    OBJECTIVE: The first objective of this study was to determine if a tool assessing the evidence, transparency, and usability of online health information exists that is easy and quick to use and has good reliability. No such tool was identified, so the second objective was to develop such a tool and assess it for reliability when used to assess online health information on topics of relevant to optimal aging.
    METHODS: An electronic database search was conducted between 2002 and 2012 to identify published papers describing tools that assessed the evidence, transparency, and usability of online health information. Papers were retained if the tool described was assessed for reliability, assessed the quality of evidence used to create online health information, and was quick and easy to use. When no one tool met expectations, a new instrument was developed and tested for reliability. Reliability between two raters was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each item at two time points. SPSS Statistics 22 software was used for statistical analyses and a one-way random effects model was used to report the results. The overall ICC was assessed for the instrument as a whole in July 2015. The threshold for retaining items was ICC>0.60 (ie, "good" reliability).
    RESULTS: All tools identified that evaluated online health information were either too complex, took a long time to complete, had poor reliability, or had not undergone reliability assessment. A new instrument was developed and assessed for reliability in April 2014. Three items had an ICC<0.60 (ie, "good" reliability). One of these items was removed ("minimal scrolling") and two were retained but reworded for clarity. Four new items were added that assessed the level of research evidence that informed the online health information and the tool was retested in July 2015. The total ICC score showed excellent agreement with both single measures (ICC=0.988; CI 0.982-0.992) and average measures (ICC=0.994; CI 0.991-0.996).
    CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that this new tool is reliable for assessing the evidence, transparency, and usability of online health information that is relevant to optimal aging.
    Keywords:  Consumer Health Information; Patient Education as Topic; Patient Education as standards; consumer health standards; critical appraisal; internet standards; knowledge translation; online health information; reliability analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/aging.9216
  3. J Aging Health. 2019 Sep 13. 898264319873809
    Searching for Health: Doctor Google and the Shifting Dynamics of the Middle-Aged and Older Adult Patient-Physician Relationship and Interaction.
    Martijn Huisman, Stijn Joye, Daniël Biltereyst.
      Objectives: While online health information (OHI) has become ubiquitous, little is known about its use by middle-aged and older adults. This contribution examines the role of OHI and its influence on the patient-physician relationship. Method: This qualitative study reports the thematic analysis of 40 semistructured, in-depth interviews with Flemish middle-aged and older adults between the ages of 50 and 80 years. Results: Middle-aged and older adults obtain OHI pre- and post-consultation, albeit with different motivations and in search of different types of information. Patients strategically and carefully introduce OHI in the clinical encounter. "Doctor Google" expands the traditional patient-physician dyad into an information triangle. Discussion: The findings have implications for policy guidance and clinical practice. Public campaigns against "Googling" for health information might have to be amended to be successful. Importantly, physicians are increasingly expected to refer to and appraise OHI and put it into the individual patient context.
    Keywords:  Doctor Google; health information seeking; middle-aged adults; older adults; online health information; patient–physician relationship
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264319873809
  4. Telemed J E Health. 2019 Sep 09.
    Differences in Health-Related Social Media Usage by Organizations and Individuals.
    Jisoo Ahn, Yongwoog Andrew Jeon, Dhiraj Murthy.
      Introduction:Social media is used as a tool for both information providers and information consumers to disseminate and receive health information. There is a dearth of research that compares the differences between different types of health provider  Twitter posting styles, specifically regarding the ways in which they communicate health information with the public. This is particularly true for more localized studies that focus on small data sets.Methods:Our study seeks to help fill this gap through an exploration of emergent trends of social media use of small, but specific, stakeholders in Texas, in the United States.Results:A content analysis of health information providers' (individual, organizational, and governmental groups) Tweets based on digital, ethnographic, and grounded theory methods was performed to provide quantitative and qualitative findings in terms of purpose, sentiment, visual features, tone of the Tweets, and public engagement.Conclusions:The findings indicate how individual or organizational users differentially use their Twitter accounts and open up a discussion of what factors might influence effective communication with the public.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0128
  5. Int Q Community Health Educ. 2019 Sep 12. 272684X19874967
    Consumers' Information-Seeking Behaviors on Dietary Supplements.
    Joseph P Nathan, Elizabeth Kudadjie-Gyamfi, Leah Halberstam, Josephine T Wright.
      
    Keywords:  behavior; consumers; dietary; information; pharmacists; seeking; supplements
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/0272684X19874967
  6. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2018 Sep 07. 1(2): e10435
    Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Safe Sleep on Twitter: Analysis of Influences and Themes to Guide Health Promotion Efforts.
    Kelly A Pretorius, Michael Mackert, Gary B Wilcox.
       BACKGROUND: In the United States, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in infants aged 1 month to 1 year. Approximately 3500 infants die from SIDS and sleep-related reasons on a yearly basis. Unintentional sleep-related deaths and bed sharing, a known risk factor for SIDS, are on the rise. Furthermore, ethnic disparities exist among those most affected by SIDS. Despite public health campaigns, infant mortality persists. Given the popularity of social media, understanding social media conversations around SIDS and safe sleep may assist the medical and public health communities with information needed to spread, reinforce, or counteract false information regarding SIDS and safe sleep.
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to investigate the social media conversation around SIDS and safe sleep to understand the possible influences and guide health promotion efforts and public health research as well as enable health professionals to engage in directed communication regarding this topic.
    METHODS: We used textual analytics to identify topics and extract meanings contained in unstructured textual data. Twitter messages were captured during September, October, and November in 2017. Tweets and retweets were collected using NUVI software in conjunction with Twitter's search API using the keywords: "sids," "infant death syndrome," "sudden infant death syndrome," and "safe sleep." This returned a total of 41,358 messages, which were analyzed using text mining and social media monitoring software.
    RESULTS: Multiple themes were identified, including recommendations for safe sleep to prevent SIDS, safe sleep devices, the potential causes of SIDS, and how breastfeeding reduces SIDS. Compared with September and November, more personal and specific stories of infant loss were demonstrated in October (Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Month). The top influencers were news organizations, universities, and health-related organizations.
    CONCLUSIONS: We identified valuable topics discussed and shared on Twitter regarding SIDS and safe sleep. The study results highlight the contradicting information a subset of the population is exposed to regarding SIDS and the continued controversy over vaccines. In addition, this analysis emphasizes the lack of public health organizations' presence on Twitter compared with the influence of universities and news media organizations. The results also demonstrate the prevalence of safe sleep products that are embedded in safe sleep messaging. These findings can assist providers in speaking about relevant topics when engaging in conversations about the prevention of SIDS and the promotion of safe sleep. Furthermore, public health agencies and advocates should utilize social media and Twitter to better communicate accurate health information as well as continue to combat the spread of false information.
    Keywords:  Twitter; accidental suffocation in a sleeping environment; health communication; infant mortality; public health; safe sleep; sleep environment; social media; sudden infant death; sudden unexpected infant death
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/10435
  7. Health Inf Manag. 2019 Sep 09. 1833358319872820
    The necessity to develop a national classification system for Iranian traditional medicine.
    Reza Safdari, Hossein Rezaeizadeh, Goli Arji, Alireza Abbassian, Mehrshad Mokhtaran, Reza Dehghan, Sara Shekalyou.
       BACKGROUND: Classification of disease and interventions in traditional medicine (TM) is necessary for standardised coding of information. Currently, in Iran, there is no standard electronic classification system for disease and interventions in TM.
    OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to develop a national framework for the classification of disease and intervention in Persian medicine based on expert opinion.
    METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 2018. The existing systems for the classification of disease and interventions in TM were reviewed in detail, and some of the structural and content characteristics were extracted for the development of the classification of Iranian traditional medicine. Based on these features, a self-administered questionnaire was developed. Study participants (25) were experts in the field of Persian medicine and health information management in Tehran medical universities.
    RESULTS: Main axes for the classification of disease and interventions were determined. The most important applications of the classification system were related to clinical coding, policymaking, reporting of mortality and morbidity data, cost analysis and determining the quality indicators. Half of the participants (50%) stated that the classification system should be designed by maintaining the main axis of the World Health Organization classification system and changing the subgroups if necessary. A computer-assisted coding system for TM was proposed for the current study.
    CONCLUSION: Development of this classification system will provide nationally comparable data that can be widely used by governments, national organisations and academic researchers.
    Keywords:  classification; coding system; disease classification; health information management; traditional medicine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/1833358319872820
  8. Public Health Rep. 2019 Sep 12. 33354919874074
    Online Health Information Seeking Among US Adults: Measuring Progress Toward a Healthy People 2020 Objective.
    Lila J Finney Rutten, Kelly D Blake, Alexandra J Greenberg-Worisek, Summer V Allen, Richard P Moser, Bradford W Hesse.
       OBJECTIVE: During the past decade, the availability of health information online has increased dramatically. We assessed progress toward the Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) health communication and health information technology objective of increasing the proportion of health information seekers who easily access health information online.
    METHODS: We used data from 4 administrations of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 2008-2017) (N = 18 103). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis to evaluate trends over time in experiences with accessing health information and to examine differences by sociodemographic variables (sex, age, race/ethnicity, education, income, metropolitan status) separately for those who used the internet (vs other information sources) during their most recent search for health information.
    RESULTS: Among US adults who looked for health information and used the internet for their most recent search, the percentage who reported accessing health information without frustration was stable during the study period (from 37.2% in 2008 to 38.5% in 2017). Accessing information online without frustration was significantly and independently associated with age 35-49 (vs age 18-34) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 -1.73), non-Hispanic black (vs non-Hispanic white) race/ethnicity (OR = 2.15; 95% CI, 1.55-2.97), and annual household income <$20 000 (vs >$75 000) (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.47-0.93). The percentage of adults who used an information source other than the internet and reported accessing health information online without frustration ranged from 31.3% in 2008 to 42.7% in 2017. Survey year 2017 (vs 2008) (OR = 1.61; 95% CI, 1.09-2.35) and high school graduate education (vs college graduate) (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.97) were significantly and independently associated with accessing health information without frustration from sources other than the internet.
    CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of online health information seekers reporting easily accessing health information did not meet the HP2020 objective. Continued efforts are needed to enable easy access to online health information among diverse populations.
    Keywords:  Healthy People programs; access to information; frustration; health communication; internet
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/0033354919874074
  9. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2019 Jun 07. 2(1): e12524
    Online Information About Periviable Birth: Quality Assessment.
    Adriane F Haragan, Carly A Zuwiala, Katherine P Himes.
       BACKGROUND: Over 20,000 parents in the United States face the challenge of participating in decisions about whether to use life support for their infants born on the cusp of viability every year. Clinicians must help families grasp complex medical information about their baby's immediate prognosis as well as the risk for significant long-term morbidity. Patients faced with this decision want supplemental information and frequently seek medical information on the Internet. Empirical evidence about the quality of websites is lacking.
    OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the quality of online information available about periviable birth and treatment options for infants born at the cusp of viability.
    METHODS: We read a counseling script to 20 pregnant participants that included information typically provided by perinatal and neonatal providers when periviable birth is imminent. The women were then asked to list terms they would use to search the Internet if they wanted additional information. Using these search terms, two reviewers evaluated the content of websites obtained via a Google search. We used two metrics to assess the quality of websites. The first was the DISCERN instrument, a validated questionnaire designed to assess the quality of patient-targeted health information for treatment choices. The second metric was the Essential Content Tool (ECT), a tool designed to address key components of counseling around periviable birth as outlined by professional organizations. DISCERN scores were classified as low quality if scores were 2, fair quality if scores were 3, and high quality if scores were 4 or higher. Scores of 6 or higher on the ECT were considered high quality. Interreviewer agreement was assessed by calculated kappa statistic.
    RESULTS: A total of 97 websites were reviewed. Over half (57/97, 59%) were for-profit sites, news stories, or personal blogs; 28% (27/97) were government or medical sites; and 13% (13/97) were nonprofit or advocacy sites. The majority of sites scored poorly in DISCERN questions designed to assess the reliability of information presented as well as data regarding treatment choices. Only 7% (7/97) of the websites were high quality as defined by the DISCERN tool. The majority of sites did not address the essential content defined by the ECT. Importantly, only 18% of websites (17/97) indicated that there are often a number of reasonable approaches to newborn care when faced with periviable birth. Agreement was strong, with kappa ranging from .72 to .91.
    CONCLUSIONS: Most information about periviable birth found on the Internet using common search strategies is of low quality. News stories highlighting positive outcomes are disproportionately represented. Few websites discuss comfort care or how treatment decisions impact quality of life.
    Keywords:  Internet resources; patient counseling; patient education; periviable birth
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/12524
  10. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2019 Sep 11.
    Analysis of Internet searches using Google trends to measure interest in sun protection and skin cancer in selected South East Asian populations.
    Zhenli Kwan, Shin Shen Yong, Suganthy Robinson.
       BACKGROUND: Analysis of internet search trends has been performed to evaluate interest in sun protection, artificial tanning and skin cancers among the public, particularly in Western countries. This observational study aimed to investigate the relative popularity of search terms relating to sun protection, sunburn, skin cancers and tanning used in Google Trends® in three South East Asian countries (Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia).
    METHODS: The relevant search terms were queried using the Google Trends® in each location and worldwide. The search volume indices were compared between locations and over a time period from January 1, 2004 to January 31, 2019. Correlations between "sunblock" and "sunburn" as well as "sunblock" and search terms relating to skin cancers ("skin cancer", "melanoma", "basal cell carcinoma" and "squamous cell carcinoma") were evaluated.
    RESULTS: The favored search term relating to sun protection in this region was "sunblock" despite the term itself being a misnomer. The relative popularity of searches for "sunblock" also showed an increase over time and was generally higher compared to interest in sunburn, skin cancers and artificial tanning practices. Positive correlations were noted between "sunblock" and "sunburn" in Malaysia and "sunblock" and "melanoma" in Singapore.
    CONCLUSION: Insights into search trends may assist public health promotion to raise awareness regarding sun protection and skin cancers in the region by targeting commonly used terms for each geographical location.
    Keywords:  health promotion; skin cancer; sunburn; sunscreening agents
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/phpp.12510
  11. J Intellect Disabil. 2019 Sep;23(3): 446-468
    Internet use for family carers of people with intellectual disabilities: A literature review and thematic synthesis.
    Sue Caton, Emma-Reetta Koivunen, Callum Allison.
      Being a family carer can be rewarding but can also lead to mental and physical exhaustion as well as feelings of social exclusion and isolation. Research has shown that the use of the Internet and online forums can provide an immediate place to find information and reassurance and that forum use can be an empathetic place to share experiences and seek emotional support. This article details a systematic literature search of research on carers of people with intellectual disabilities and/or autism using the Internet. A thematic synthesis of the resulting papers identified that online forums give carers a sense of agency by providing a place to go for informational support that may not be elsewhere. Carers also enjoyed the safe community of solidarity and emotional support that online forums provide. An important finding is the lack of published papers in this area with the inclusion of just eight papers.
    Keywords:  Internet; carers; intellectual disabilities; learning disabilities; review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629519874214
  12. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Sep 10. pii: E3335. [Epub ahead of print]16(18):
    Moving Beyond the Gym: A Content Analysis of YouTube as an Information Resource for Physical Literacy.
    Trevor Bopp, Joshua D Vadeboncoeur, Michael Stellefson, Melissa Weinsz.
      The Internet, and particularly YouTube, has been found to be and continues to develop as a resourceful educational space for health-related information. Understanding physical literacy as a lifelong health-related outcome and facilitator of an active lifestyle, we sought to assess the content, exposure, engagement, and information quality of uploaded physical literacy videos on YouTube. Two researchers collected 300 YouTube videos on physical literacy and independently coded each video's: title, media source of upload, content topics related to physical literacy, content delivery style, and adherence to adapted Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) principles of information quality. Physical literacy videos that focused on physical activity and behaviors were the strongest predictor of high quality ratings, followed closely by videos covering affective domains (motivation, confidence, and self-esteem) of physical literacy. The content delivery method was also important, with videos utilizing presentations and testimonials containing high quality information about physical activity. Thus, providers of physical literacy and health-related online video content should be aware of and adhere to the expected quality standards. As health information expectations and ethical standards increase, the Internet, and specifically YouTube, has the potential to enhance video resources, virtual networking opportunities, as well as the sharing, dissemination, accumulation, and enrichment of physical literacy information for all.
    Keywords:  HONcode; Internet; YouTube; activity; online resource; physical literacy; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183335
  13. JMIR Aging. 2018 Nov 02. 1(2): e10763
    Identifying Consumers Who Search for Long-Term Care on the Web: Latent Class Analysis.
    Darren Liu, Takashi Yamashita, Betty Burston.
       BACKGROUND: Because the internet has become a primary means of communication in the long-term care (LTC) and health care industry, an elevated understanding of market segmentation among LTC consumers is an indispensable step to responding to the informational needs of consumers.
    OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study was designed to identify underlying market segments of the LTC consumers who seek Web-based information.
    METHODS: Data on US adult internet users (n=2018) were derived from 2010 Pew Internet and America Life Project. Latent class analysis was employed to identify underlying market segments of LTC Web-based information seekers.
    RESULTS: Web-based LTC information seekers were classified into the following 2 subgroups: heavy and light Web-based information seekers. Overall, 1 in 4 heavy Web-based information seekers used the internet for LTC information, whereas only 2% of the light information seekers did so. The heavy information seekers were also significantly more likely than light users to search the internet for all other health information, such as a specific disease and treatment and medical facilities. The heavy Web-based information seekers were more likely to be younger, female, highly educated, chronic disease patients, caregivers, and frequent internet users in general than the light Web-based information seekers.
    CONCLUSIONS: To effectively communicate with their consumers, providers who target Web-based LTC information seekers can more carefully align their informational offerings with the specific needs of each subsegment of LTC markets.
    Keywords:  consumer health information; information seeking behavior; internet; marketing of health services; public reporting
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/10763
  14. JMIR Aging. 2019 Jan 14. 2(1): e11237
    Health Information-Seeking Behaviors of Family Caregivers: Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey.
    Lauren R Bangerter, Joan Griffin, Kristin Harden, Lila J Rutten.
       BACKGROUND: The growing population of aging adults relies on informal caregivers to help meet their health care needs, get help with decision making, and gather health information.
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine health information-seeking behaviors among caregivers and to identify caregiver characteristics that contribute to difficulty in seeking health information.
    METHODS: Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey 5, Cycle 1 (N=3181) were used to compare health information seeking of caregivers (n=391) with noncaregivers (n=2790).
    RESULTS: Caregivers sought health information for themselves and others using computers, smartphones, or other electronic means more frequently than noncaregivers. Caregivers born outside of the United States reported greater difficulty seeking health information (beta=.42; P=.02). Nonwhite caregivers (beta =-.33; P=.03), those with less education (beta =-.35; P=.02), those with private insurance (beta =-.37; P=.01), and those without a regular health care provider (beta =-.35; P=.01) had less confidence seeking health information. Caregivers with higher income had more confidence (beta =.12; P≤.001) seeking health information.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the prevalence of electronic means to find health information among caregivers. Notable differences in difficulty and confidence in health information seeking exist between caregivers, indicating the need for more attention to the socioeconomic status and caregivers born outside of the United States. Findings can guide efforts to optimize caregivers' health information-seeking experiences.
    Keywords:  Health Information National Trends Survey; disparities; family caregivers; internet use; mobile phone
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/11237
  15. J Med Internet Res. 2019 Sep 12. 21(9): e15298
    Social Media Outrage in Response to a School-Based Substance Use Survey: Qualitative Analysis.
    Ruth Ann Gassman, Tapati Dutta, Jon Agley, Wasantha Jayawardene, Mikyoung Jun.
       BACKGROUND: School-based alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use (ATOD) surveys are a common epidemiological means of understanding youth risk behaviors. They can be used to monitor national trends and provide data, in aggregate, to schools, communities, and states for the purposes of funding allocation, prevention programming, and other supportive infrastructure. However, such surveys sometimes are targeted by public criticism, and even legal action, often in response to a lack of perceived appropriateness. The ubiquity of social media has added the risk of potential online firestorms, or digital outrage events, to the hazards to be considered when administering such a survey. Little research has investigated the influence of online firestorms on public health survey administration, and no research has analyzed the content of such an occurrence. Analyzing this content will facilitate insights as to how practitioners can minimize the risk of generating outrage when conducting such surveys.
    OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify common themes within social media comments comprising an online firestorm that erupted in response to a school-based ATOD survey in order to inform risk-reduction strategies.
    METHODS: Data were collected by archiving all public comments made in response to a news study about a school-based ATOD survey that was featured on a common social networking platform. Using the general inductive approach and elements of thematic analysis, two researchers followed a multi-step protocol to clean, categorize, and consolidate data, generating codes for all 207 responses.
    RESULTS: In total, 133 comments were coded as oppositional to the survey and 74 were coded as supportive. Among the former, comments tended to reflect government-related concerns, conspiratorial or irrational thinking, issues of parental autonomy and privacy, fear of child protective services or police, issues with survey mechanisms, and reasoned disagreement. Among the latter, responses showed that posters perceived the ability to prevent abuse and neglect and support holistic health, surmised that opponents were hiding something, expressed reasoned support, or made factual statements about the survey. Consistent with research on moral outrage and digital firestorms, few comments (<10%) contained factual information about the survey; nearly half of the comments, both supportive and oppositional, were coded in categories that presupposed misinformation.
    CONCLUSIONS: The components of even a small online firestorm targeting a school-based ATOD survey are nuanced and complex. It is likely impossible to be fully insulated against the risk of outrage in response to this type of public health work; however, careful articulation of procedures, anticipating specific concerns, and two-way community-based interaction may reduce risk.
    Keywords:  ATOD; digital; firestorm; social media; survey
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/15298
  16. Acad Radiol. 2019 Sep 04. pii: S1076-6332(19)30384-8. [Epub ahead of print]
    Varicocele Embolization: An assessment of the Quality and Readability of Online Patient Information.
    J H Alderson, D C O'Neil, C E Redmond, D Mulholland, M J Lee.
       AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Varicocele embolization is a growing treatment modality owing to the safety, efficacy, and quick return to work following the procedure. The internet is the most dominant source of information for many. We aimed to assess the quality of information accessible by patients considering treatment.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A list of applicable, commonly used searchable terms was generated. Each term was assessed across the five most-used English language search engines to determine the two most commonly used terms. These two terms were then investigated across each search engine, with the first 25 web pages returned by each engine included for analysis. Duplicate web pages, nontext content such as video or audio, and web pages behind paywalls were excluded. Web pages were analyzed for quality and readability using validated tools including DISCERN score, JAMA Benchmark Criteria, HONcode Certification, Flesch Reading Ease Score, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and Gunning-Fog Index. Secondary features including age, rank, author, and publisher were recorded.
    RESULTS: The most common applicable terms were "Testicular embolization" (378,300 results) and "Varicocele embolization" (375,800 results). Mean DISCERN quality of information provided by websites is "fair"; Adherence to JAMA Benchmark Criteria was 13.5%. Flesh-Kincaid readability tests demonstrated an average "9th grade" reading level. Scientific journals showed the highest quality scores, but were least up to date with an average web page age of 11.2 years. Web pages produced by "for-profit" organizations were the second most current (average age 2.7 years), but displayed the lowest quality of information scores.
    CONCLUSION: While quality of online information available to patients is "fair," adherence to JAMA benchmark criteria is poor. "For-profit" organization websites are far more numerous and significantly more up-to-date, yet showed significantly lower quality of information scores. Scientific journals were unsurprisingly of higher quality, yet more challenging for the general public to read. These findings call for the production of high-quality and comprehensible content regarding interventional radiology, where physicians can reliably direct their patients for information.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acra.2019.08.005
  17. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2019 Sep 02. 80(9): 130-132
    Social media etiquette in medicine.
    Martha L Alleje, Benedict C Austria, Patricia A Shrestha.
      Social media and medical practice have become intertwined in the last few years. Photography and other user-generated content can increase the spread of good health practices and medical information. Different guidelines have been written but the ease of going online and publishing content can have implications for good medical practice. This article gives physicians and students a synthesis of current guidelines and pointers on online behaviour.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2019.80.9.C130
  18. Bioinformatics. 2019 Sep 10. pii: btz682. [Epub ahead of print]
    BioBERT: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining.
    Jinhyuk Lee, Wonjin Yoon, Sungdong Kim, Donghyeon Kim, Sunkyu Kim, Chan Ho So, Jaewoo Kang.
       MOTIVATION: Biomedical text mining is becoming increasingly important as the number of biomedical documents rapidly grows. With the progress in natural language processing, extracting valuable information from biomedical literature has gained popularity among researchers, and deep learning has boosted the development of effective biomedical text mining models. However, directly applying the advancements in natural language processing to biomedical text mining often yields unsatisfactory results due to a word distribution shift from general domain corpora to biomedical corpora. In this paper, we investigate how the recently introduced pre-trained language model BERT can be adapted for biomedical corpora.
    RESULTS: We introduce BioBERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining), which is a domain specific language representation model pre-trained on large-scale biomedical corpora. With almost the same architecture across tasks, BioBERT largely outperforms BERT and previous state-of-the-art models in a variety of biomedical text mining tasks when pre-trained on biomedical corpora. While BERT obtains performance comparable to that of previous state-of-the-art models, BioBERT significantly outperforms them on the following three representative biomedical text mining tasks: biomedical named entity recognition (0.62% F1 score improvement), biomedical relation extraction (2.80% F1 score improvement), and biomedical question answering (12.24% MRR improvement). Our analysis results show that pre-training BERT on biomedical corpora helps it to understand complex biomedical texts.
    AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: We make the pre-trained weights of BioBERT freely available at https://github.com/naver/biobert-pretrained, and the source code for fine-tuning BioBERT available at https://github.com/dmis-lab/biobert.
    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btz682
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