bims-librar Biomed News
on Biomedical librarianship
Issue of 2019–02–03
twenty papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society



  1. Circ Heart Fail. 2019 Feb;12(2): e005869
    All authors are HEART Group Signatories.
      
    Keywords:  Editorials; cardiovascular diseases; communication; information dissemination; social media; vaccination
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.005869
  2. Front Psychol. 2018 ;9 2771
      
    Keywords:  autobiographical memory; content coding; narrative research; publishing with undergraduates; undergraduate
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02771
  3. BMC Med Educ. 2019 Jan 30. 19(1): 39
       BACKGROUND: The shift from a more didactic to student-centred pedagogical approach has led to the implementation of new information communication technology (ICT) innovations and curricula. Consequently, analysis of the digital competency of both faculty and students is of increasing importance. The aim of this research is to measure and compare the internet skills of medical school faculty and students and to investigate any potential skills gap between the two groups.
    METHODS: A survey of medical school faculty and students across three universities in Ireland was carried out using a validated instrument (Internet Skills Scale) measuring five internet skills (Operational, Information Navigation, Social, Creative and Mobile). Three focus groups comprising a total of fifteen students and four semi-structured interviews with faculty across three institutions were carried out to explore further findings and perceptions towards digital literacy, give further insight and add context to the findings.
    RESULTS: Seventy-eight medical faculty (response rate 45%) and 401 students (response rate 15%) responded to the survey. Mean scores for each internet skill were high (above 4 out of 5) for all skills apart from Creative (mean of 3.08 for students and 3.10 for faculty). There were no large differences between student and faculty scores across the five skills. Qualitative results supported survey findings with a deeper investigation into topics such as online professionalism, use of licencing and mobile application development. Needs based skills training and support were highlighted as areas for faculty development.
    CONCLUSION: Both medical educators and students tend to have similar competencies with respect to internet skills. When implementing online and distance learning methodologies however, medical schools need to ensure appropriate skills training and support for faculty as well as providing targeted training to improve the creative skills of both their educators and students.
    Keywords:  Digital; Internet skills; Medical faculty; Medical school; Medical students
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1475-4
  4. Palliat Med. 2019 Jan 28. 269216318824275
       BACKGROUND:: Healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of palliative care often have difficulties finding relevant articles in online databases. Standardized search filters may help improve the efficiency and quality of such searches, but prior developed filters showed only moderate performance.
    AIM:: To develop and validate a specific search filter and a sensitive search filter for the field of palliative care.
    DESIGN:: We used a novel, objective method for search filter development. First, we created a gold standard set. This set was split into three groups: term identification, filter development, and filter validation set. After creating the filters in PubMed, we translated the filters into search filters for Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Cochrane Library. We calculated specificity, sensitivity and precision of both filters.
    RESULTS:: The specific filter had a specificity of 97.4%, a sensitivity of 93.7%, and a precision of 45%. The sensitive filter had a sensitivity of 99.6%, a specificity of 92.5%, and a precision of 5%.
    CONCLUSION:: Our search filters can support literature searches in the field of palliative care. Our specific filter retrieves 93.7% of relevant articles, while 45% of the retrieved articles are relevant. This filter can be used to find answers to questions when time is limited. Our sensitive filter finds 99.6% of all relevant articles and may, for instance, help conducting systematic reviews. Both filters perform better than prior developed search filters in the field of palliative care.
    Keywords:  Information storage and retrieval; bibliographic databases; evidence-based practice; methodological filters; palliative care; search filters; terminal care
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/0269216318824275
  5. Health Info Libr J. 2019 Jan 30.
       BACKGROUND: Access to health services is a major challenge in many rural communities within Canada. Rural public libraries can serve as centres for health resources.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this exploratory study was to analyse the manner in which Alberta's rural libraries provide health information to their patrons.
    METHODS: A questionnaire including closed ended and open ended questions was sent to the 285 rural libraries across the Canadian province of Alberta. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis techniques were used for the data analysis.
    RESULTS: The findings indicate that in three quarters of Alberta's rural libraries, about 10% of requests for assistance were related to health issues. The provision of health information in these libraries is hampered by the lack of Internet, private space for reference interviews, and staff and volunteer training. Library staff members were inexperienced in conducting reference transactions and reported lacking confidence in meeting patrons' needs and ethical standards.
    DISCUSSION: Addressing these challenges will require the recruitment of more qualified librarians in rural library systems, possibly through incentive measures, and a comprehensive education and training programme for both staff and volunteers combined with the necessary resource support for the rural libraries.
    CONCLUSION: When human and material resources are adequate, rural libraries can contribute to improving the health literacy of their communities.
    Keywords:  canada; consumer health information; education and training; health literacy; libraries, public
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/hir.12248
  6. Turk J Orthod. 2018 Dec;31(4): 127-132
       Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the content of the informative websites related to orthodontic terms in Turkish and in English.
    Methods: Five different orthodontic terms ("orthodontic appliances (ortodontik aygıtlar)," "orthodontic braces (ortodontik braketler)," "orthodontic elastics (ortodontik elastikler)," "orthognathic surgery (ortognatik cerrahi)," and "orthodontic treatment (ortodontik tedavi)") both in Turkish and in English were searched using Google. There were 25 websites evaluated for each term. A total of 137 different websites were evaluated with three measurement tools: DISCERN (questionnaire, University of Oxford, 1999) (quality of information), LIDA (v1.2 Minervation, 2007) (accessibility, usability, and reliability), and AChecker (v0.1 ATutor, 2011) (accessibility).
    Results: The mean overall score of the quality of information was "good" for terms in Turkish and in English. The LIDA score was classified as "moderate" for terms in Turkish and in English. More accessibility errors were found on the Turkish websites than on the English counterparts. Most of the statistical evaluations between Turkish and English terms were insignificant. However, intragroup evaluation of the terms mostly showed significant differences.
    Conclusion: Accessibility, usability, and reliability; quality of information; and scores of access errors showed variations among Turkish and English sites. The collaboration of website designers and clinicians to increase the quality level of the websites is recommended.
    Keywords:  Internet; health information systems; medical informatics; orthodontics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkJOrthod.2018.18007
  7. J Med Internet Res. 2019 Jan 30. 21(1): e10986
       BACKGROUND: Understandability plays a key role in ensuring that people accessing health information are capable of gaining insights that can assist them with their health concerns and choices. The access to unclear or misleading information has been shown to negatively impact the health decisions of the general public.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate methods to estimate the understandability of health Web pages and use these to improve the retrieval of information for people seeking health advice on the Web.
    METHODS: Our investigation considered methods to automatically estimate the understandability of health information in Web pages, and it provided a thorough evaluation of these methods using human assessments as well as an analysis of preprocessing factors affecting understandability estimations and associated pitfalls. Furthermore, lessons learned for estimating Web page understandability were applied to the construction of retrieval methods, with specific attention to retrieving information understandable by the general public.
    RESULTS: We found that machine learning techniques were more suitable to estimate health Web page understandability than traditional readability formulae, which are often used as guidelines and benchmark by health information providers on the Web (larger difference found for Pearson correlation of .602 using gradient boosting regressor compared with .438 using Simple Measure of Gobbledygook Index with the Conference and Labs of the Evaluation Forum eHealth 2015 collection).
    CONCLUSIONS: The findings reported in this paper are important for specialized search services tailored to support the general public in seeking health advice on the Web, as they document and empirically validate state-of-the-art techniques and settings for this domain application.
    Keywords:  comprehension; literacy; machine learning; patients; readability
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/10986
  8. Med Teach. 2019 Feb 01. 1-5
       PURPOSE: According to the principles of programmatic assessment, a valid high-stakes assessment of the students' performance should amongst others, be based on a multiple data points, supposedly leading to saturation of information. Saturation of information is generated when a data point does not add important information to the assessor. In establishing saturation of information, institutions often set minimum requirements for the number of assessment data points to be included in the portfolio.
    METHODS: In this study, we aimed to provide validity evidence for saturation of information by investigating the relationship between the number of data points exceeding the minimum requirements in a portfolio and the consensus between two independent assessors. Data were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model.
    RESULTS: The results showed no relation between the number of data points and the consensus. This suggests that either the consensus is predicted by other factors only, or, more likely, that assessors already reached saturation of information. This study took the first step in investigating saturation of information, further research is necessary to gain in-depth insights of this matter in relation to the complex process of decision-making.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1555369
  9. Biodivers Data J. 2019 ; e28737
       Background: A considerable portion of primary biodiversity data is digitally locked inside published literature which is often stored as pdf files. Large-scale approaches to biodiversity science could benefit from retrieving this information and making it digitally accessible and machine-readable. Nonetheless, the amount and diversity of digitally published literature pose many challenges for knowledge discovery and retrieval. Text mining has been extensively used for data discovery tasks in large quantities of documents. However, text mining approaches for knowledge discovery and retrieval have been limited in biodiversity science compared to other disciplines.
    New information: Here, we present a novel, open source text mining tool, the Biodiversity Observations Miner (BOM). This web application, written in R, allows the semi-automated discovery of punctual biodiversity observations (e.g. biotic interactions, functional or behavioural traits and natural history descriptions) associated with the scientific names present inside a corpus of scientific literature. Furthermore, BOM enable users the rapid screening of large quantities of literature based on word co-occurrences that match custom biodiversity dictionaries. This tool aims to increase the digital mobilisation of primary biodiversity data and is freely accessible via GitHub or through a web server.
    Keywords:  R.; biodiversity data; biodiversity knowledge; biotic interactions; data mobilisation; scientific names; text mining
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.7.e28737
  10. Arch Med Sci. 2019 Jan;15(1): 1-11
       Introduction: Competency-based educational models recommend trainee exposure to research, but the best methods for Graduate Medical Education (GME) programs to accomplish this have not been clarified. The objective of this study was to quantify published interventions to generate resident research and compare effectiveness among those interventions.
    Material and methods: A systematic review of English-language articles of studies of GME programs was performed, describing resident research interventions and quantifying the number of publications as an outcome.
    Results: The search produced 13,688 potentially relevant articles, and included 47 articles in the final synthesis. Publication effectiveness was calculated as publications per year. The top ten programs for publication effectiveness were compared to others for interventions chosen. Interventions were characterized as research director, protected time, research requirement, research mentor, curricula, research assistant, biostatistician, information technology support, research fund, pay-for-performance plans, and celebration of accomplishments. Total number of different interventions was not significantly associated with primary outcome (r = 0.20, p = 0.18). When comparing the top ten programs to the others, appointment of a research director was statistically more prevalent in those programs (70% vs. 30%, p = 0.02), while presence of a defined curriculum was more common (90% vs. 57%, p = 0.052) but not statistically significantly.
    Conclusions: Leadership interventions (directors, curricula) are associated with successful GME research efforts.
    Keywords:  Graduate Medical Education; medical research; publishing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5114/aoms.2018.81033
  11. Med Educ Online. 2019 Dec;24(1): 1565044
       BACKGROUND: Informative writing is a valuable tool for learning and fostering the scientific process. Pearls4Peers (P4P) is an educational open-access website dedicated to scholarly blog posts in hospital medicine based on questions raised during ward teaching rounds. A goal of P4P is to enhance the learning experience of medical students and housestaff (i.e., interns and upper-level residents) by inviting them to write blog posts for a worldwide audience.
    OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with inviting medical students and housestaff to contribute blog posts to a clinically oriented educational website with the aim of promoting concise evidence-based informative medical writing.
    DESIGN: Medical students and housestaff assigned to the hospital ward team of an attending physician (FM) on the medical service were routinely invited to submit one or more posts or 'pearls' based on clinical questions raised during patient rounds. Selected features of submissions during the first 2 years of P4P (27 June 2015 through 26 June 2017) were then retrospectively reviewed and analyzed.
    RESULTS: Of 156 pearls posted during the study period, 25 (16%) were contributed by medical students and 16 (10.3%) by housestaff. Medical students were significantly more likely to contribute than housestaff (19[70.4%] vs. 11 (9.6%], p < 0.01). Superfluous information was noted in 12 (29.3%) submissions. Word count exceeded the suggested limit of 200 words in 12 (29.3%) cases. An inverted pyramid structure, a widely recognized web writing format with the most important information presented at the outset, was noted in only 17 (41.5%) of entries. Unsolicited comments by contributors suggested a positive learning experience in writing the posts.
    CONCLUSIONS: Writing clinically oriented concise blog posts appears feasible and may be an effective tool in enhancing the ward-based learning experience of medical students and housestaff. More formal instructions on the proper content and structure of blog posts seem warranted.
    Keywords:  Writing; blog; housestaff; medical education; medical students; post
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/10872981.2018.1565044
  12. Database (Oxford). 2019 Jan 01. 2019
      In commercial research and development projects, public disclosure of new chemical compounds often takes place in patents. Only a small proportion of these compounds are published in journals, usually a few years after the patent. Patent authorities make available the patents but do not provide systematic continuous chemical annotations. Content databases such as Elsevier's Reaxys provide such services mostly based on manual excerptions, which are time-consuming and costly. Automatic text-mining approaches help overcome some of the limitations of the manual process. Different text-mining approaches exist to extract chemical entities from patents. The majority of them have been developed using sub-sections of patent documents and focus on mentions of compounds. Less attention has been given to relevancy of a compound in a patent. Relevancy of a compound to a patent is based on the patent's context. A relevant compound plays a major role within a patent. Identification of relevant compounds reduces the size of the extracted data and improves the usefulness of patent resources (e.g. supports identifying the main compounds). Annotators of databases like Reaxys only annotate relevant compounds. In this study, we design an automated system that extracts chemical entities from patents and classifies their relevance. The gold-standard set contained 18 789 chemical entity annotations. Of these, 10% were relevant compounds, 88% were irrelevant and 2% were equivocal. Our compound recognition system was based on proprietary tools. The performance (F-score) of the system on compound recognition was 84% on the development set and 86% on the test set. The relevancy classification system had an F-score of 86% on the development set and 82% on the test set. Our system can extract chemical compounds from patents and classify their relevance with high performance. This enables the extension of the Reaxys database by means of automation.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/database/baz001
  13. Interact J Med Res. 2019 Feb 01. 8(1): e11146
       BACKGROUND: The internet is a source of knowledge and medium widely used in services that facilitate access to information and networking. Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients find the possibility of acquiring information relating to their condition particularly rewarding.
    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify Polish MS patients' preferences by analyzing a percentage of internet users and determining the most common search subjects and patients' approach to information on the internet. Disability connected with the condition, its duration, and other factors that influence patients' internet use were examined along with instances of relations established through the internet and their durability.
    METHODS: The study examined 1045 patients (731 women, 314 men) treated in 10 Polish MS centers, of whom 932 (89.19%) declared to be internet users. Their average age was 40.65 (SD 11.06) and average MS duration was 9.08 (SD 6.97) years. The study used a proprietary survey on information seeking, the range of searched subjects, and internet usage frequency.
    RESULTS: The majority of the patients (494/932, 53.0%) used the internet 6-7 times per week and 4.3% (40/932) declared they spent minimum 2 hours per day. The most commonly searched subjects were world news (604/932, 72.9% of patients using the internet); 60.8% (504/932) searched for information on their condition, particularly for new treatment methods (562/932, 67.8%) and the course of illness (520/932, 62.7%). One's sex had no impact on internet usage (female vs male, odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% CI 0.72-1.77), although a patient's age might, at varying degrees. We found several significant associations using a .05 significance level: a patient with higher education used the internet 9 times more often than one with primary education (OR 8.64, 95% CI 3.31-22.57); lasting relationships increased chances of internet usage by 10-fold compared to widowers (OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.05-0.31); living in a city with a population over 100,000 increased chances by nearly 6 times compared with the countryside (OR 5.59, 95% CI 2.72-11.48); the relapsing-remitting MS type saw a 2-fold increase compared with the primary progressive MS type (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.29-0.75); and those needing assistance were 2 times less likely to use the internet than patients who could move independently (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.89). More than half of the patients (489/932, 52.5%) did not discuss the information found on the internet with their neurologists; 15.9% (148/932) believed that relationships established through the internet can be stable.
    CONCLUSIONS: The majority of Polish patients use the internet as a crucial information source on their condition and innovative treatment methods. The internet can be helpful in establishing new relationships, which are usually short-lived. Polish patients do not frequently discuss the information gathered on the internet with their doctors.
    Keywords:  doctor-patient relationship; information seeking; internet; multiple sclerosis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/11146
  14. Aust Vet J. 2019 Jan;97(1-2): 10-13
       OBJECTIVE: Investigate Australian veterinarians' perceptions of clients' use of the internet to find pet health information.
    METHODS: An anonymous online survey was distributed using social media, e-newsletters and veterinary magazines.
    RESULTS: A total of 85 complete responses were obtained from Australian veterinarians. Most (80%) reported believing that > 80% of their clients have access to the internet at home or work, but 68% thought that the majority of their clients do not understand what they read online. Attitudes regarding the impact of online pet health information on the veterinarian-client relationship were mixed (56% reported negative impact and 33% a positive impact), as well as for clients' use of the internet for information on companion animal health (47% reported negative impact and 38% a positive impact). When asked how often they suggest specific websites to their clients ('information prescriptions'), the majority of veterinarians reported that this is done infrequently.
    CONCLUSION: This pilot study highlighted the perception of Australian veterinarians of their clients' use of the internet to find pet health information. It also highlighted the need for a large-scale, detailed survey of Australian veterinarians and their views in relation to pet owners and their use of online information. This should include evaluation of information prescriptions and their potential benefits for clients and patients.
    Keywords:  client relationships; online health information; pets; veterinarians
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/avj.12778
  15. ANZ J Surg. 2019 Jan 26.
       BACKGROUND: Hospital websites are an important source of information for patients, parents and healthcare providers. There are currently no standardized recommendations for the information provided on paediatric surgery websites. We aimed to assess the information available on each hospital website, in Australia and New Zealand, which provides paediatric surgical care.
    METHODS: Google search was performed of the 16 paediatric surgical centres in Australia and New Zealand to determine whether they had a hospital website and to assess its contents. The presence of patient fact sheets and clinical practice guidelines was recorded. Access to contact information, hospital Facebook page and Twitter handles were noted.
    RESULTS: We found that 11 (69%) centres had a specific paediatric surgical section to the hospital website, all provided contact information. Five centres (31%) had paediatric-specific guidelines available for health professionals. Six websites (37.5%) provided health information sheets on common paediatric surgical conditions. Facebook and Twitter facilities were present on the majority of the websites (75%).
    CONCLUSION: The internet presence of paediatric surgery in Australia and New Zealand is sparse. One-third of centres do not have hospital web presence. The availability of clinical guidelines and patient information sheets on hospital websites is limited. Our findings would suggest that improvement and increase in the internet presence of paediatric surgery in Australia and New Zealand is needed.
    Keywords:  clinical guidelines; internet; patient information; social media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.15012
  16. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019 Jan 23. pii: S0895-4356(18)30640-1. [Epub ahead of print]
       OBJECTIVES: To report systematic review definitions that are published in overviews of reviews and to propose a new classification of systematic reviews.
    STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: In this review of overviews, we searched PubMed for systematic review definitions that were reported in overviews of reviews that were published in the medical literature between November 2017 and May 2018. Two independent authors extracted and descriptively reported the systematic review definitions from the overviews. The definitions were evaluated regarding whether the concepts of comprehensiveness and reproducibility were incorporated into them, as suggested by some published systematic review definitions.
    RESULTS: Initially, 138 documents were retrieved, and 111 overviews and protocols of overviews were included. Eight (8%) overviews explicitly reported a systematic review definition, while 24 (23%) overviews reported heterogeneous information about the criteria that were used to include systematic reviews in the overviews. Seventy-three (69%) overviews did not report any definition/criteria for including a systematic review. Two (2%) overviews reported a definition based on reproducibility, and none of the overviews reported the need to search for grey and unpublished literature for a review to be considered systematic.
    CONCLUSIONS: Overview authors rarely define systematic reviews that are included in their overviews, and the few that do include a definition that provides heterogeneous criteria.
    Keywords:  Review; bias; methods; overview; research design; systematic review: meta-analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.01.004
  17. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jan 31. pii: E399. [Epub ahead of print]16(3):
      Local health centers (LHCs) play a key role in public health. Because it has now become popular to seek health information on the Internet, an effective website is indispensable to an LHC. Our study aimed to survey the official websites of LHCs in Taiwan with an evaluation framework. All 369 LHCs in Taiwan were surveyed in March 2018. The evaluation indicators included health information, online interactive services, technical features, institutional information, links to external resources, website management, the last updated time, and number of visitors. The indicators were stratified by the urbanization levels of the LHCs. In total, 98.0% (n = 360) of the LHCs had official websites. The majority (n = 241) of the websites were updated within the past 30 days, and most of the websites (n = 353) provided health information. However, the information provided varied considerably. Few LHCs (n = 31) provided online interactive services in terms of an online appointment function. In terms of providing online consultation services, rural LHCs outperformed suburban and urban LHCs (16.4% versus 14.5% and 6.0%, respectively). Most LHCs in Taiwan do not seem to take full advantage of the Internet, with their websites typically serving as static bulletin boards instead of new channels of communication. Further studies could focus on the effectiveness of these websites.
    Keywords:  Internet; Taiwan; patient portals; public health administration
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030399
  18. Acta Inform Med. 2018 Dec;24(4): 284-299
      
    Keywords:  Academic publishing; Bias; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Cardiology; Decision making; Dentistry; Education; Ghostwriting; Knowledge; Medical Science; Medicine; Misconduct; Pediatrics; Perinatology; Republic of Macedonia; Science; Translational Plagiarism; article; author contribution; authorship; clinical research; data accuracy; data interpretation; design; development of sciences; education; ethical issues; ethics; guest authoring; infant; information technology; number of citations; oral presentation; person-centered care; poster; presentation; promotion; pseudoscience; publishing; science; science metric; scientific communication; scientific experimental error; scientific impact factor; scientific outsourcing; scientific publishing; speech; statistical; systematic reviews; title; un-ethical behavior; world; writing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2016.24.284-299