bims-exocan 2025-07-06 papers

Issue of 2025–07–06
five papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2025 Jul 02. pii: S1040-8428(25)00217-3. [Epub ahead of print] 104829

Exosomal Noncoding RNAs in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Mechanisms, Roles, and Therapeutic Potential.

Exosomes, critical mediators within the tumor microenvironment (TME), facilitate intercellular communication by transferring bioactive molecules, including noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). These extracellular vesicles, secreted by nearly all cell types and detectable in bodily fluids, selectively encapsulate functional ncRNAs, which play pivotal roles in tumorigenesis, progression, and therapeutic resistance. In renal cell carcinoma (RCC), exosomal ncRNAs have emerged as key regulators driving tumor proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression through mechanisms such as activation of the MAPK pathway, promotion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and modulation of immune cell polarization. Notably, exosomal ncRNAs contribute to drug resistance by mediating cross-talk between cancer cells and stromal components, including fibroblasts and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Their inherent stability, conferred by protective lipid bilayers, enhances their potential as non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Specific ncRNAs, such as miR-210 and circSDHC, exhibit differential expression in RCC patient sera and urine, offering high diagnostic accuracy for early detection and metastasis monitoring. Furthermore, targeting exosomal ncRNA biogenesis or their downstream pathways-via engineered exosomes loaded with therapeutic RNAs or inhibitors-represents a promising strategy to overcome resistance and improve treatment efficacy. This review comprehensively delineates the mechanistic roles of exosomal ncRNAs in RCC pathogenesis, highlights their clinical utility as biomarkers, and explores innovative therapeutic approaches to disrupt ncRNA-mediated oncogenic signaling. Advancing our understanding of exosome-ncRNA dynamics may unlock novel precision therapies for RCC, addressing unmet challenges in current clinical management.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Exosome; Progression; Renal cell carcinoma; ncRNA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104829

Front Immunol. 2025 ;16 1613494

Exosomal proteins: new targets for early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Haibin Shen, Meijin Liu, Wentai Yang, Dewang Xiao, Zongbo Peng, Dingyu Rao, Defa Huang.

Exosomes are nanoscale, double-membraned vesicles released by a variety of living cells. A wide variety of cargoes, including proteins, DNA and RNA, are transported by exosomes to target cells, thereby transmitting biological signals. In addition to being an essential component of the exosomal cargo, exosomal proteins are a reflection of the physiological state of the originating cell, and play an essential part in intercellular communication in numerous diseases, including cancer. The present review provides a summary of the novel uses of exosomal proteins in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and highlights the distinct qualities that exosomal proteins possess, when compared with typical serological measurements.

Keywords: biomarkers; cancer diagnosis; exosomal proteins; exosomes; treatment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1613494

Med Oncol. 2025 Jul 01. 42(8): 308

Unveiling the power of exosomal non-coding RNAs: key drivers of lung cancer progression in the tumor microenvironment.

Mohamed J Saadh, Waleed K Abdulsahib, Botir Daminov, Gaurav Sanghvi, Suhas Ballal, R S K Sharma, Piyus Kumar Pathak, Aman Shankhyan, Abhinav Kumar, Fadhil Feez Sead, M V N L Chaitanya.

Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide, largely due to complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exosomes-small extracellular vesicles released by cancer cells-have emerged as crucial mediators of intercellular transfer. They carry non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate tumor growth, metastasis, immune evasion, and treatment resistance. Among them, exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play key roles in supporting tumor survival and modulating the TME. This study highlights the diverse functions of exosomal ncRNAs, emphasizing their potential as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in lung cancer. We explore how these molecules affect signaling pathways, immune responses, and chemoresistance, underlining their value in personalized therapy. Despite their promise, clinical translation remains challenging due to issues like exosome isolation, targeted delivery, and minimizing off-target effects. By integrating recent advances in exosomal ncRNA biology with innovative therapeutic strategies, this review addresses critical gaps in cancer research and supports the development of more effective, tailored treatments for lung cancer.

Keywords: Exosomes; Long non-coding RNAs; Lung cancer; MicroRNAs (miRNAs); Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs); Personalized medicine; Targeted delivery; Tumor microenvironment (TME)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02791-5

Med Oncol. 2025 Jul 01. 42(8): 307

Exosomal delivery of non-coding RNAs: a pathway to apoptosis regulation in lung cancer.

Gaurav Gupta, Ahsas Goyal, Kavita Goyal, Soumya V Menon, Subhashree Ray, Mandeep Kaur, Swati Sharma, Mohit Rana, K Benod Kumar, Moyad Shahwan, Keshav Raj Paudel, Kamal Dua.

Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in regulating apoptosis in lung cancer, influencing tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. This review examines how exosomal ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, modulate apoptotic pathways in the tumor microenvironment. This review examines how exosomal ncRNAs, composed of three types, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, control apoptotic pathways in the tumor microenvironment. A review of exosome-mediated ncRNA signaling developments published between 2015 and 2024 was obtained from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Exosomal ncRNAs use the BCL-2 and p53 and caspase apoptosis regulators as targets to function as oncogenic drivers or tumor suppressors. These vesicles function as intercellular messengers, helping cells to establish drug resistance features and to evade immune responses. The potential of exosomal ncRNAs serves both as liquid biopsy biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer and for prognosis monitoring. Targeting exosome-mediated ncRNA transfer represents a new therapeutic approach to reactivate apoptosis, which subsequently makes tumors more responsive to conventional medical therapies. In contrast to existing literature, we provide the first integrated comparison of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in lung cancer apoptosis, highlight novel mechanistic links between specific ncRNA cargos and key apoptotic mediators, and identify emerging exosomal ncRNA biomarkers with prognostic and therapeutic potential. Future scientific investigations must concentrate on building exosome-based delivery systems for applying precision medicine. The review establishes the translational potential of exosome-transferred ncRNAs in lung cancer diagnosis and therapy through their regulatory functions in apoptosis and therapeutic resistance.

Keywords: Apoptosis regulation; Biomarkers; Exosomal non-coding RNAs; Lung cancer; Therapeutic targets

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-025-02852-9

Clin Chim Acta. 2025 Jun 30. pii: S0009-8981(25)00335-3. [Epub ahead of print] 120456

Exosome biosensors for the detection of breast cancer.

Mohammad Hassan Sadeghi, Niloufar Kheradi, Shima Nazem, Soumayeh Amirsaadat, Maryam Ashourpour, Sara Aghakhani Chegeni, Sepideh Sohrabi, Maryam Zamani Sani, Ahmad Movahedpour, Elham Norouz Dolatabadi, Sajad Ehtiati.

Breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, is difficult to identify early with conventional techniques like biopsy and mammography, which are frequently invasive and prone to false negative results. Exosome-based detection is a novel, non-invasive diagnostic technique made possible by recent developments in biosensor technology. Exosomes, which are tiny extracellular vesicles released by cells, include biomarkers including microRNAs and oncogenic proteins that offer vital information about the occurrence and spread of breast cancer. By identifying exosomal biomarkers, biosensors use high sensitivity, specificity, and real-time analysis to facilitate early cancer detection, individualized treatment plans, and better patient outcomes. This review explores the biology of exosomes and their roles in intercellular communication, cancer progression, and therapeutic potential. It further examines the development and application of electrochemical, optical, and electrical biosensors for the detection of breast cancer-derived exosomes.

Keywords: Biomarker; Biosensors; Breast Cancer; Electrical; Electrochemical; Exosomes; Optical

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2025.120456