bims-exocan 2024-08-25 papers

bims-exocan

Biomed News

on Exosomes roles in cancer

Issue of 2024–08–25
seven papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Advances in exosomes utilization for clinical applications in cancer.
Exosomal miRNAs: the tumor's trojan horse in selective metastasis.
Cancer cell-derived exosomes promote NSCLC progression via the miR-199b-5p/HIF1AN axis.
Circulating Exosomal Transfer RNA-Related Fragments as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.
Exosome-based nanoparticles and cancer immunotherapy.
Hypoxia-Driven Changes in Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Exosome-Mediated Cell Interactions.
Strategies for Targeting Peptide-Modified Exosomes and Their Applications in the Lungs.

Trends Cancer. 2024 Aug 20. pii: S2405-8033(24)00158-4. [Epub ahead of print]

Advances in exosomes utilization for clinical applications in cancer.

Inês A Batista, José C Machado, Sonia A Melo.

  Exosomes are regarded as having transformative potential for clinical applications. Exosome-based liquid biopsies offer a noninvasive method for early cancer detection and real-time disease monitoring. Clinical trials are underway to validate the efficacy of exosomal biomarkers for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and predicting treatment responses. Additionally, engineered exosomes are being developed as targeted drug delivery systems that can navigate the bloodstream to deliver therapeutic agents to tumor sites, thus enhancing treatment efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Exosomes also exhibit immunomodulatory properties, which are being harnessed to boost antitumor immune responses. In this review, we detail the latest advances in clinical trials and research studies, underscoring the potential of exosomes to revolutionize cancer care.

Keywords:  biomarkers; cancer therapy; clinical applications; drug delivery; exosomes; immunotherapies

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trecan.2024.07.010
Mol Cancer. 2024 Aug 20. 23(1): 167

Exosomal miRNAs: the tumor's trojan horse in selective metastasis.

Mobina Bayat, Javid Sadri Nahand.

  Organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumor cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumor before metastatic spread has even occurred. Tumors orchestrate a pre-metastatic program by conditioning distant organs to create microenvironments that foster the survival and proliferation of tumor cells before their arrival, thereby establishing pre-metastatic niches. Primary tumor-derived exosomes modulate these pre-metastatic niches, generating a permissive environment that facilitates the homing and expansion of tumor cells. Moreover, microRNAs have emerged as a key component of exosomal cargo, serving not only to induce the formation of pre-metastatic niches but also to prime these sites for the arrival and colonization of specific secondary tumor populations. Against this backdrop, this review endeavors to elucidate the impact of tumor-derived exosomal microRNAs on the genesis of their individualized pre-metastatic niches, with a view towards identifying novel means of specifying cancer metastasis and exploiting this phenomenon for cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:  Exosomes; MicroRNA; Pre-metastatic Niche; Selective Metastasis

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02081-0
Mol Immunol. 2024 Aug 17. pii: S0161-5890(24)00151-2. [Epub ahead of print]174 32-40

Cancer cell-derived exosomes promote NSCLC progression via the miR-199b-5p/HIF1AN axis.

Bangzhu Liu, Yan Rui, Miao Li, Linan Huang.

   BACKGROUND: Exosomes are mediators of intercellular communication. Cancer cell-secreted exosomes allow exosome donor cells to promote cancer growth, as well as metastasis.
METHODS: Here, exosomes were isolated from the serum of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blot analysis. NSCLC cell proliferation and migration were assessed using CCK-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) and Transwell assays. H1299 tumor formation and pulmonary metastasis were examined in a xenograft model in nude mice.
RESULTS: We found that exosomes derived from NSCLC (NSCLC-Exos) promoted NSCLC cell migration and proliferation, and that NSCLC-Exo-mediated malignant progression of NSCLC was mediated by miR-199b-5p. Inhibition of miR-199b-5p decreased the effects of NSCLC-Exos on NSCLC malignant progression. HIF1AN was identified as a downstream target of miR-199b-5p. Furthermore, overexpression of HIF1AN reversed the effects of miR-199b-5p on NSCLC malignant progression.
CONCLUSION: In summary, our findings demonstrated that exosomal-specific miR-199b-5p promoted proliferation in distant or neighboring cells via the miR-199b-5p/HIF1AN axis, resulting in enhanced tumor growth.

Keywords:  Exosome; HIF1AN; MiR-199b-5p; NSCLC

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2024.08.001
Curr Med Chem. 2024 Aug 16.

Circulating Exosomal Transfer RNA-Related Fragments as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Li Meng, Zhaolong Ma, Yingying Ji, Guangyao Li, Shiwen Wang, Zhijun Zhang.

   PURPOSE: Exosomal transfer RNA-derived fragments [exo-tRF] possess the capacity to be employed as biomarkers for several types of cancer. We aim to ascertain the diagnostic significance of exosomal 5'tRF-TyrGTA and 5'tRF-ValTAC in non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC].
METHODS: Ultracentrifugation was deployed to obtain serum exosomes from NSCLC patients and healthy donors. The acquired exosomes were then confirmed by transmission electron microscopy [TEM], qNano, and western blot [WB] techniques. The level of exo- tRF expression was validated by the use of microarrays and RT-qPCR. The diagnostic performance of exo-tRFs for NSCLC was determined through the receiver operating characteristic curve [ROC].
RESULTS: Exosomal 5'tRF-TyrGTA and 5'tRF-ValTAC were significantly downregulated in both early- and late-stage NSCLC patients compared to healthy donors, representing favorable diagnostic efficiency for NSCLC. In addition, the exosomal 5'tRF-TyrGTA level was correlated with tumor stage and lymph node metastasis.
CONCLUSION: Exosomal 5'tRF-TyrGTA and 5'tRF-ValTAC can serve as potential biomarkers for NSCLC.

Keywords:  Non-small cell lung cancer; biomarker; diagnosis.; exosomes; tRFs

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2174/0109298673314235240813060542
Biomed Pharmacother. 2024 Aug 20. pii: S0753-3322(24)01180-6. [Epub ahead of print]179 117296

Exosome-based nanoparticles and cancer immunotherapy.

Jiarong Ye, Danni Li, Yiting Jie, Hongliang Luo, Wenjun Zhang, Cheng Qiu.

  Over the past decades, cancer immunotherapy has encountered challenges such as immunogenicity, inefficiency, and cytotoxicity. Consequently, exosome-based cancer immunotherapy has gained rapid traction as a promising alternative. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) ranging from 50 to 150 nm, are self-originating and exhibit fewer side effects compared to traditional therapies. Exosome-based immunotherapy encompasses three significant areas: cancer vaccination, co-inhibitory checkpoints, and adoptive T-cell therapy. Each of these fields leverages the inherent advantages of exosomes, demonstrating substantial potential for individualized tumor therapy and precision medicine. This review aims to elucidate the reasons behind the promise of exosome-based nanoparticles as cancer therapies by examining their characteristics and summarizing the latest research advancements in cancer immunotherapy.

Keywords:  Adoptive T-cell therapy; Cancer immunotherapy; Cancer vaccines; Co-inhibitory checkpoints; Exosome; Nanoparticle

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117296
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 ;19 8211-8236

Hypoxia-Driven Changes in Tumor Microenvironment: Insights into Exosome-Mediated Cell Interactions.

Churan Wang, Shun Xu, Xiao Yang.

  Hypoxia, as a prominent feature of the tumor microenvironment, has a profound impact on the multicomponent changes within this environment. Under hypoxic conditions, the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, the variety of cell types within the tumor microenvironment, as well as intercellular communication and material exchange, undergo complex alterations. These changes provide significant prospects for exploring the mechanisms of tumor development under different microenvironmental conditions and for devising therapeutic strategies. Exosomes secreted by tumor cells and stromal cells are integral components of the tumor microenvironment, serving as crucial mediators of intercellular communication and material exchange, and have consequently garnered increasing attention from researchers. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which hypoxic conditions promote the release of exosomes by tumor cells and alter their encapsulated contents. It also examines the effects of exosomes derived from tumor cells, immune cells, and other cell types under hypoxic conditions on the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we summarize current research progress on the potential clinical applications of exosomes under hypoxic conditions and propose future research directions in this field.

Keywords:  exosomes; hypoxia; tumor microenvironment; vesicles

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S479533
Int J Nanomedicine. 2024 ;19 8175-8188

Strategies for Targeting Peptide-Modified Exosomes and Their Applications in the Lungs.

Min Qiu, Jinru Zou, Zheng Yang, Dan Yang, Rui Wang, Haie Guo.

  Exosomes belong to a subgroup of extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells and are involved in intercellular communication and material transfer. In recent years, exosomes have been used as drug delivery carriers because of their natural origin, high stability, low immunogenicity and high engineering ability. However, achieving targeted drug delivery with exosomes remains challenging. In this paper, a phage display technology was used to screen targeted peptides, and different surface modification strategies of targeted peptide exosomes were reviewed. In addition, the application of peptide-targeted exosomes in pulmonary diseases was also summarised.

Keywords:  exosome; lung; targeted delivery; targeted peptide modification

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S472038