bims-exocan Biomed News
on Exosomes roles in cancer
Issue of 2024–03–24
nine papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University
  1. Breast cancer derived exosomes: Theragnostic perspectives and implications.
  2. Exosomes in tumor-stroma crosstalk: Shaping the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.
  3. Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer.
  4. Mysterious interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and tumors; what do we know?
  5. Critical role of exosome, exosomal non-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs in head and neck cancer angiogenesis.
  6. Function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells as communication mediators in colorectal cancer metastasis.
  7. Dual role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their cell-free extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer.
  8. Hypoxic Exosomal circPLEKHM1-Mediated Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis.
  9. Circulating serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA as diagnostic indicators for non-small cell lung cancer.
  1. Clin Chim Acta. 2024 Mar 15. pii: S0009-8981(24)00116-5. [Epub ahead of print] 117875
    Breast cancer derived exosomes: Theragnostic perspectives and implications.
    Ram Mohan Ram Kumar, Logesh Rajan, Suresh Joghee.
      Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy affecting women worldwide. Although conventional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, hormone therapy, radiation therapy, and biological therapy are commonly used, they often entail significant side effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to investigate more cost-effective and efficient treatment modalities in BC. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, play a crucial role in modulating recipient cell behaviour and driving cancer progression. Among the EVs, exosomes provide valuable insights into cellular dynamics under both healthy and diseased conditions. In cancer, exosomes play a critical role in driving tumor progression and facilitating the development of drug resistance. BC-derived exosomes (BCex) dynamically influence BC progression by regulating cell proliferation, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of treatment resistance. Additionally, BCex serve as promising diagnostic markers in BC which are detectable in bodily fluids such as urine and saliva. Targeted manipulation of BCex holds significant therapeutic potential. This review explores the therapeutic and diagnostic implications of exosomes in BC, underscoring their relevance to the disease. Furthermore, it discusses future directions for exosome-based research in BC, emphasizing the necessity for further exploration in this area.
    Keywords:  Breast cancer; Diagnosis; Exosomes; Extracellular vesicles; Therapy
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2024.117875
  2. FASEB J. 2024 Mar 31. 38(6): e23548
    Exosomes in tumor-stroma crosstalk: Shaping the immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer.
    Yawei Zhang, Mingyu Huo, Wenchao Li, Hongyu Zhang, Qi Liu, Jianwu Jiang, Yang Fu, Changjun Huang.
      Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifaceted disease characterized by a complex interaction between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment. Within this intricate landscape, exosomes have emerged as pivotal players in the tumor-stroma crosstalk, influencing the immune microenvironment of CRC. These nano-sized vesicles, secreted by both tumoral and stromal cells, serve as molecular transporters, delivering a heterogeneous mix of biomolecules such as RNAs, proteins, and lipids. In the CRC context, exosomes exert dual roles: they promote tumor growth, metastasis, and immune escape by altering immune cell functions and activating oncogenic signaling pathways and offer potential as biomarkers for early CRC detection and treatment targets. This review delves into the multifunctional roles of exosomes in the CRC immune microenvironment, highlighting their potential implications for future therapeutic strategies and clinical outcomes.
    Keywords:  biomarker; colorectal cancer; exosomes; immunomodulatory; therapy
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.202302297R
  3. Heliyon. 2024 Mar 30. 10(6): e27572
    Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer.
    Guifei Si, Xuemei Chen, Yuquan Li, Xuemin Yuan.
      It is well known that colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity rate, a poor prognosis when metastasized, and a greatly shortened 5-year survival rate. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tumor metastasis is still important. Based on the "seed and soil" theory, the concept of " premetastatic niche (PMN)" was introduced by Kaplan et al. The complex interaction between primary tumors and the metastatic organ provides a beneficial microenvironment for tumor cells to colonize at a distance. With further exploration of the PMN, exosomes have gradually attracted interest from researchers. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted from cells that include various biological information and are involved in communication between cells. As a key molecule in the PMN, exosomes are closely related to tumor metastasis. In this article, we obtained information by conducting a comprehensive search across academic databases including PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Only recent, peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were considered for inclusion. This study aims to explore in depth how exosomes promote the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment (PMN) in colorectal cancer and its related mechanisms.
    Keywords:  Colorectal cancer (CRC); Exosomes; Liver metastases; Premetastatic niche (PMN)
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27572
  4. Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Mar 11. pii: S0344-0338(24)00172-9. [Epub ahead of print]256 155261
    Mysterious interactions between macrophage-derived exosomes and tumors; what do we know?
    Raed Obaid Saleh, Ahmed Hjazi, Pooja Bansal, Irfan Ahmad, Harpreet Kaur, Saad Hayif Jasim Ali, Mahamedha Deorari, Munther Kadhim Abosaoda, Hamza Fadhel Hamzah, Bahira Abdulrazzaq Mohammed.
      Through their ability to modify the tumor microenvironment and cancer cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the promotion of tumorigenesis, development of tumors and metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. A growing body of research has indicated that exosomes may be essential for coordinating the communication between cancer cells and macrophages. One type of extracellular vehicle called an exosome is utilized for delivering a variety of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, to specific cells in order to produce pleiotropic effects. Exosomes derived from macrophages exhibit heterogeneity across various cancer types and function paradoxically, suppressing tumor growth while stimulating it, primarily through post-transcriptional control and protein phosphorylation regulation in the receiving cells. Exosomes released by various macrophage phenotypes offer a variety of therapeutic alternatives in the interim. We outlined the most recent developments in this article, including our understanding of the roles that mechanisms and macrophage-derived exosomal biogenesis play in mediating the progression of cancer and their possible therapeutic uses.
    Keywords:  Cancer; Exosome; Macrophage; MicroRNA; Treatment
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2024.155261
  5. Pathol Res Pract. 2024 Mar 07. pii: S0344-0338(24)00149-3. [Epub ahead of print]256 155238
    Critical role of exosome, exosomal non-coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs in head and neck cancer angiogenesis.
    Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Sulieman Ibraheem Shelash Al-Hawary, Irwanjot Kaur, Irfan Ahmad, Ahmed Hjazi, Iliya Petkov, Saad Hayif Jasim Ali, Ahmed Huseen Redhee, Mahmood Hasen Shuhata Alubiady, Ahmed Muzahem Al-Ani.
      Head and neck cancer (HNC) refers to the epithelial malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNCs have a constant yet slow-growing rate with an unsatisfactory overall survival rate globally. The development of new blood vessels from existing blood conduits is regarded as angiogenesis, which is implicated in the growth, progression, and metastasis of cancer. Aberrant angiogenesis is a known contributor to human cancer progression. Representing a promising therapeutic target, the blockade of angiogenesis aids in the reduction of the tumor cells oxygen and nutrient supplies. Despite the promise, the association of existing anti-angiogenic approaches with severe side effects, elevated cancer regrowth rates, and limited survival advantages is incontrovertible. Exosomes appear to have an essential contribution to the support of vascular proliferation, the regulation of tumor growth, tumor invasion, and metastasis, as they are a key mediator of information transfer between cells. In the exocrine region, various types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identified to be enriched and stable and contribute to the occurrence and progression of cancer. Mounting evidence suggest that exosome-derived ncRNAs are implicated in tumor angiogenesis. In this review, the characteristics of angiogenesis, particularly in HNC, and the impact of ncRNAs on HNC angiogenesis will be outlined. Besides, we aim to provide an insight on the regulatory role of exosomes and exosome-derived ncRNAs in angiogenesis in different types of HNC.
    Keywords:  Circular RNA; Exosome; Head and Neck cancer; LncRNA; MicroRNA
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2024.155238
  6. iScience. 2024 Apr 19. 27(4): 109350
    Function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells as communication mediators in colorectal cancer metastasis.
    Yimin E, Chen Lu, Kuixuan Zhu, Wenyuan Li, Jing Sun, Pengcheng Ji, Minjie Meng, Zhengxia Liu, Chunzhao Yu.
      Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with metastasis being the primary determinant of poor prognosis in patients. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC metastasis is currently a prominent and challenging area of research. Exosomes, as crucial intercellular communication mediators, facilitate the transfer of metabolic and genetic information from cells of origin to recipient cells. Their roles in mediating information exchange between CRC cells and immune cells, fibroblasts, and other cell types are pivotal in reshaping the tumor microenvironment, regulating key biological processes such as invasion, migration, and formation of pre-metastatic niche. This article comprehensively examines the communication function and mechanism of exosomes derived from different cells in cancer metastasis, while also presenting an outlook on current research advancements and future application prospects. The aim is to offer a distinctive perspective that contributes to accurate diagnosis and rational treatment strategies for CRC.
    Keywords:  Cancer; Microenvironment; Molecular medicine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2024.109350
  7. Cell Biochem Funct. 2024 Mar;42(2): e3962
    Dual role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells and their cell-free extracellular vesicles in colorectal cancer.
    Mohamed J Saadh, Asma'a H Mohamed, Muhammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad, Omer Qutaiba B Allela, Ali H Amin, April Ann Malquisto, Wong Tze Jin, Ioan Sârbu, Faisal AlShamsi, Fahmy Gad Elsaid, Reza Akhavan-Sigari.
      Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths. However, the surgical control of the CRC progression is difficult, and in most cases, the metastasis leads to cancer-related mortality. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) with potential translational applications in regenerative medicine have been widely researched for several years. MSCs could affect tumor development through secreting exosomes. The beneficial properties of stem cells are attributed to their cell-cell interactions as well as the secretion of paracrine factors in the tissue microenvironment. For several years, exosomes have been used as a cell-free therapy to regulate the fate of tumor cells in a tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the recent advances and current understanding of assessing MSC-derived exosomes for possible cell-free therapy in CRC.
    Keywords:  cell-free therapy; colorectal cancer; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; mesenchymal stromal cells
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3962
  8. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024 Mar 21. e2309857
    Hypoxic Exosomal circPLEKHM1-Mediated Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Macrophages Drives Lung Cancer Metastasis.
    Dongliang Wang, Shuoer Wang, Mingming Jin, Yan Zuo, Jianpeng Wang, Ya Niu, Qian Zhou, Jiwei Chen, Xinru Tang, Wenxuan Tang, Xiyu Liu, Hang Yu, Wangjun Yan, Huan-Huan Wei, Gang Huang, Shaoli Song, Shuang Tang.
      Intercellular communication often relies on exosomes as messengers and is critical for cancer metastasis in hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Some circular RNAs (circRNAs) are enriched in cancer cell-derived exosomes, but little is known about their ability to regulate intercellular communication and cancer metastasis. Here, by systematically analyzing exosomes secreted by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, a hypoxia-induced exosomal circPLEKHM1 is identified that drives NSCLC metastasis through polarizing macrophages toward to M2 type. Mechanistically, exosomal circPLEKHM1 promoted PABPC1-eIF4G interaction to facilitate the translation of the oncostatin M receptor (OSMR), thereby promoting macrophage polarization for cancer metastasis. Importantly, circPLEKHM1-targeted therapy significantly reduces NSCLC metastasis in vivo. circPLEKHM1 serves as a prognostic biomarker for metastasis and poor survival in NSCLC patients. This study unveils a new circRNA-mediated mechanism underlying how cancer cells crosstalk with macrophages within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment to promote metastasis, highlighting the importance of exosomal circPLEKHM1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis.
    Keywords:  circPLEKHM1; exosomal circRNA; hypoxia; macrophage polarization; metastasis; non‐small cell lung cancers
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202309857
  9. Clin Transl Oncol. 2024 Mar 19.
    Circulating serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA as diagnostic indicators for non-small cell lung cancer.
    Jiefei Peng, Yue Zhang, Guangfei Zhou, Luolin Shao, Lin Li, Zhijun Zhang.
       BACKGROUND: tRF-RNA-a representative of non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-is a precursor or fragment of mature tRNA and plays a crucial regulatory role in the occurrence and development of cancer. There is currently little research on tRF-RNA as a diagnostic marker in cancer, especially for NSCLC from serum exosomes.
    METHOD: Serum exosomes were successfully extracted from serum; their physical morphology was captured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM); appropriate particle size detection was performed using qNano; surface labeling was verified through western blotting. Serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA were selected through gene microarray, and qPCR was used to validate their significance in 242 patients and 201 healthy individuals. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic indicators of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
    RESULT: Compared with 201 healthy individuals, i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA were significantly downregulated in 242 NSCLC patients and 95 early-stage patients. For tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA, the predictive diagnostic efficiency rates of AUC were 0.690 and 0.680, respectively, whereas the early diagnostic efficiency rates were 0.656 and 0.688, respectively. The result of combined diagnosis with CEA and CYFRA21-1 was 0.928, and the early diagnostic efficiency was 0.843, which is a very high biological predictive factor for NSCLC.
    CONCLUSION: The expression of serum exosomes i-tRF-AspGTC and tRF-1-SerCGA was significantly downregulated in NSCLC patients. These exosomes could be used as predictive indicators for diagnosis or early diagnosis of NSCLC.
    Keywords:  NSCLC; Serum exosomes; i-tRF-AspGTC; tRF-1-SerCGA
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-024-03423-6
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