bims-exocan 2024-01-21 papers

Issue of 2024–01–21
six papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Int J Oncol. 2024 Mar;pii: 28. [Epub ahead of print]64(3):

Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review).

Menghui Wang, Hongxin Shu, Xifu Cheng, Hong Xiao, Zhenhua Jin, Nan Yao, Shengxun Mao, Zhen Zong.

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies and has relatively high morbidity and mortality rates. Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles that originate from a diverse array of cells and may be found throughout various bodily fluids. These vesicles are endogenous nanocarriers in their natural state with the unique ability to transport lipids, proteins, DNA and RNA. Exosomes contain DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids and other bioactive components that have crucial roles in the transmission of information and regulation of cell activities in gastric cancer. This paper begins with an exploration of the composition, formation and release mechanisms of exosomes. Subsequently, the role of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment is reviewed in terms of the immune cell population, nonimmune cell population and other factors. Finally, the current status and challenges of exosome‑based research on the progression, diagnosis and therapeutic methods of gastric cancer are summarized. This holistic review offers insight that may guide future research directions for exosomes and potentially pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions in the management of gastric cancer.

Keywords: communicator; exosome; gastric cancer; immunotherapy; tumor microenvironment

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2024.5616

BMC Oral Health. 2024 Jan 16. 24(1): 82

Oral cancer cell to endothelial cell communication via exosomal miR-21/RMND5A pathway.

Yu-Qi Sun, Bing Wang, Lin-Wei Zheng, Ji-Hong Zhao, Jian-Gang Ren.

Required for meiotic nuclear division 5 homolog A (RMND5A), a novel ubiquitin E3 Ligase, has been reported to correlate with poor prognosis of several cancers. However, its role in endothelial cells has not been reported. In this study, overexpression of RMND5A in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was performed via lentiviral infection, followed by MTT, would healing and tube formation assay as well as signaling analysis. Moreover, crosstalk between HUVECs and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells was investigated by indirect co-culture with condition medium or tumor cell derived exosomes. Our results showed that overexpression of RMND5A reduced the proliferation, migration and tube formation ability of HUVECs by inhibiting the activation of ERK and NF-κB pathway. Interestingly, OSCC cells can inhibit RMND5A expression of endothelial cells via exosomal miR-21. In summary, our present study unveils that OSCC cells can activate endothelial cells via exosomal miR-21/RMND5A pathway to promote angiogenesis, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of OSCC.

Keywords: Endothelial cells; Exosome; Oral cancer; Required for meiotic nuclear division 5 homolog A; miR-21

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-03852-3

Cell Biol Int. 2024 Jan 15.

The role of exo-miRNA in diagnosis and treatment of cancers, focusing on effective miRNAs in colorectal cancer.

Hamzah H Kzar Al-Shukri, Sana Abdul-Jabbar Ali, Karam Akram Al-Akkam, Ahmed Hjazi, Irodakhon Rasulova, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Dahlia N Al-Saidi, Mohammed Qasim Alasheqi, Ahmed Alawadi, Ali Alsaalamy.

Small extracellular (EV) particles known as exosomes are released by a variety of cell types, including immune system cells, stem cells, and tumor cells. They are regarded as a subgroup of EVs and have a diameter that ranges from 30 to 150 nm. Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (including RNA and DNA), and different bioactive compounds are among the wide range of biomolecules that make up the cargo of exosomes. Exosomes are crucial for intercellular communication because they let cells share information and signaling chemicals. They are involved in various physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses, tissue regeneration, cancer progression, and neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, it is essential to continue research into exosome-based cancer medicines to advance understanding, improve treatment plans, create personalized tactics, ensure safety, and speed up clinical translation.

Keywords: cancer; exosome; extracellular vesicles (EVs); therapeutic approaches

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.12122

Clin Transl Oncol. 2024 Jan 16.

Exosomal noncoding RNAs as noninvasive biomarkers in bladder cancer: a diagnostic meta-analysis.

Liming Zhao, Jun Li, Zhongguang Xue, Jinfeng Wang.

BACKGROUND: In view of discordance consisting in different reports, a meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of exosomal noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in blood and urine in the detection of bladder cancer.
METHODS: Eligible studies were acquired by systematic retrieval through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The pooled diagnostic efficacy was appraised by reckoning the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. The latent sources of heterogeneity were probed by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. STATA 12.0, Meta-DiSc 1.4, and RevMan 5.3 were applied to carry out all statistical analyses and plots.
RESULTS: A total of 46 studies from 15 articles comprising 2622 controls and 3015 bladder cancer patients were included in our meta-analysis. Exosomal ncRNAs in blood and urine represented relatively satisfactory diagnostic efficacy in detecting bladder cancer, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.75, a specificity of 0.79, and an area under the SROC curve (AUC) of 0.84. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) exhibited better diagnostic value with a pooled AUC of 0.91 than that of exosomal long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). To some extent, the heterogeneity among studies was induced by exosomal ncRNA types (miRNA or lncRNA), exosomal ncRNA profiling (single- or multiple-ncRNA), sample size, specimen types, and ethnicity.
CONCLUSION: Exosomal ncRNAs in blood and urine may play a vital role in diagnosing bladder cancer as prospective noninvasive biomarkers; nonetheless, their clinical performance needs to be confirmed by further massive proactive researches.

Keywords: Bladder cancer; Exosome; Meta-analysis; NcRNAs; Noninvasive diagnosis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-023-03374-4

Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2023 ;11 1214648

Research progress of exosomes in drug resistance of breast cancer.

Lihui Liu, Daqing Jiang, Shi Bai, Xinfeng Zhang, Yue Kang.

Since breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, there are currently a variety of treatment methods available, including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, molecular targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, etc. Breast cancer recurrence and metastasis, despite many treatment modalities, constitute a considerable threat to patients' survival time and pose a clinical challenge that is difficult to tackle precisely. Exosomes have a very special and crucial role in the treatment of drug resistance in breast cancer as a carrier of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment. Exosomes and breast cancer treatment resistance have been linked in a growing number of clinical investigations in recent years. This paper covers the status of research on exosomes in the treatment of breast cancer drug resistance and offers theoretical guidance for investigating new strategies to treat breast cancer drug resistance.

Keywords: breast cancer; drug resistance; exosomes; review; review exosomes

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1214648

Glia. 2024 Jan 17.

Glioma stem cell-derived exosomes induce the transformation of astrocytes via the miR-3065-5p/DLG2 signaling axis.

Haoran Li, Jianjun Zhu, Xinglei Liu, Liang Liu, Shilu Huang, Anyi Wu, Zhipeng Xu, Xiaopei Zhang, Zengyang Li, Fan Ni, Lijun Liu, Jun Dong.

Tumor-associated astrocytes (TAAs) in the glioblastoma microenvironment play an important role in tumor development and malignant progression initiated by glioma stem cells (GSCs). In the current study, normal human astrocytes (NHAs) were cultured and continuously treated with GSC-derived exosomes (GSC-EXOs) induction to explore the mechanism by which GSCs affect astrocyte remodeling. This study revealed that GSC-EXOs can induce the transformation of NHAs into TAAs, with relatively swollen cell bodies and multiple extended processes. In addition, high proliferation, elevated resistance to temozolomide (TMZ), and increased expression of TAA-related markers (TGF-β, CD44, and tenascin-C) were observed in the TAAs. Furthermore, GSC-derived exosomal miR-3065-5p could be delivered to NHAs, and miR-3065-5p levels increased significantly in TAAs, as verified by miRNA expression profile sequencing and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overexpression of miR-3065-5p also enhanced NHA proliferation, elevated resistance to TMZ, and increased the expression levels of TAA-related markers. In addition, both GSC-EXO-induced and miR-3065-5p-overexpressing NHAs promoted tumorigenesis of GSCs in vivo. Discs Large Homolog 2 (DLG2, downregulated in glioblastoma) is a direct downstream target of miR-3065-5p in TAAs, and DLG2 overexpression could partially reverse the transformation of NHAs into TAAs. Collectively, these data demonstrate that GSC-EXOs induce the transformation of NHAs into TAAs via the miR-3065-5p/DLG2 signaling axis and that TAAs can further promote the tumorigenesis of GSCs. Thus, precisely blocking the interactions between astrocytes and GSCs via exosomes may be a novel strategy to inhibit glioblastoma development, but more in-depth mechanistic studies are still needed.

Keywords: DLG2; exosomal miR-3065-5p; glioma stem cell; transformation; tumor-associated astrocyte

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24506