bims-exocan 2024-01-14 papers

Issue of 2024–01–14
five papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University

Biofactors. 2024 Jan 11.

Harnessing tumor-derived exosomes: A promising approach for the expansion of clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic outcome of prostate cancer.

Mohammad-Bagher Pirouzpanah, Soraya Babaie, Samira Pourzeinali, Hamed Valizadeh, Samira Malekeh, Fikrettin Şahin, Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of men's death worldwide. Although early diagnosis and therapy for localized prostate cancer have improved, the majority of men with metastatic disease die from prostate cancer annually. Therefore, identification of the cellular-molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of prostate cancer is essential for overcoming controlled proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that mediate most cells' interactions and contain membrane proteins, cytosolic and nuclear proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, lipids, metabolites, and nucleic acids. Exosomes play an essential role in paracrine pathways, potentially influencing Prostate cancer progression through a wide variety of mechanisms. In the present review, we outline and discuss recent progress in our understanding of the role of exosomes in the Prostate cancer microenvironment, like their involvement in prostate cancer occurrence, progression, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also present the latest findings regarding the function of exosomes as biomarkers, direct therapeutic targets in prostate cancer, and the challenges and advantages associated with using exosomes as natural carriers and in exosome-based immunotherapy. These findings are a promising avenue for the expansion of potential clinical approaches.

Keywords: clinical implications; exosomes; nanocarriers; prostate cancer

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/biof.2036

Cancer Med. 2024 Jan 10.

The homologous tumor-derived-exosomes loaded with miR-1270 selectively enhanced the suppression effect for colorectal cancer cells.

Yingmin Jin, Liying Sun, Yingying Chen, Yue Lu.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC), known as prevalent cancer, has risen to be the leading cause of cancer-related death. Engineered exosomes had attracted much attention since they acted as carriers to deliver small molecule drugs, therapeutic nucleic acids, and polypeptides to treat a series of cancers.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we found that the PKH-26 labeled exosomes, which were derived from the CRC cells, could be efficiently absorbed by SW1116 cells and had an abundant fluorescence distribution in tumors, compared with the exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and HepG2 cells. This Research demonstrated that engineered CRC-exosomes loaded with functional miR-1270 (Exo-miR-1270) enriched in miR-1270 strongly inhibited the proliferation by CCK-8 and EdU assays, migration by wound-healing and transwell assays, and promoted the apoptosis for CRC cells through flow cytometry. MiR-1270 overexpression delivered by CRC exosomes contributed to inhibiting the tumor growth potential of CRC in vivo and increasing the overall survival of the mice. Moreover, the safety evaluation results showed that CRC-exosomes loaded with functional miR-1270-mimics had no toxicity for other organs by histopathological analysis and no influence on the vital chemistry and hematology parameters for mice in vivo safety evaluation.
CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Exo-miR-1270 can effectively treat CRC tumors by intravenous administration. Our work provided a foundation that the homologous tumor-derived exosomes mediated miRNA delivery for the treatment of CRC.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; efficacy evaluation; engineered exosomes; safety evaluation

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.6936

Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jan 01. pii: 568. [Epub ahead of print]25(1):

Exploring the Impact of Exosomal Cargos on Osteosarcoma Progression: Insights into Therapeutic Potential.

Claire C Chen, Claudia A Benavente.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant bone tumor with high metastasis. Poor prognosis highlights a clinical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Exosomes, also known as extracellular vesicles, have been identified as essential players in the modulation of cancer. Recent studies have suggested that OS-derived exosomes can drive pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes by transferring specific cargos, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, to neighboring cells, significantly impacting the regulation of cellular processes. This review discusses the advancement of exosomes and their cargos in OS. We examine how these exosomes contribute to the modulation of cellular phenotypes associated with tumor progression and metastasis. Furthermore, we explore the potential of exosomes as valuable biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostic purposes and their role in shaping innovative therapeutic strategies in OS treatment development.

Keywords: exosomes; extracellular vesicles; osteosarcoma

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010568

Oncol Res. 2023 ;32(1): 61-71

Application of exosomal miRNA mediated macrophage polarization in colorectal cancer: Current progress and challenges.

Yun Zhang, Shaling Tang, Yubo Gao, Zhongting Lu, Yuan Yang, Jing Chen, Tao Li.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC, but detecting it early is challenging. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking. Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Interestingly, they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA, mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages, promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and affect the prognosis of CRC. Since the gastrointestinal tract has many macrophages, understanding the mechanism behind exosomal miRNA-mediated macrophage polarization in CRC treatment is crucial. This article summarizes recent advancements in the study of exosomal miRNAs in CRC and their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Exosomes; Macrophages; Treatment; microRNA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2023.043481

Clin Chim Acta. 2024 Jan 09. pii: S0009-8981(24)00014-7. [Epub ahead of print]554 117773

Exosomal miRNAs from neutrophils act as accurate biomarkers for gastric cancer diagnosis.

Dan Yu, Jiahui Zhang, Maoye Wang, Runbi Ji, Hui Qian, Wenrong Xu, Hongbo Zhang, Jianmei Gu, Xu Zhang.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sensitive and accurate biomarkers can greatly aid in early diagnosis and favorable prognosis. Neutrophils are the most abundant immune cells in human circulation and play a critical role in tumor progression. Neutrophil-derived exosomes (Neu-Exo) contain abundant bioactive molecules and are critically involved in disease progression.
METHODS: We proposed a Dynabeads-based (CD66b antibody-coupled) separation and detection system for Neu-Exo analysis. Dual antibody-assisted fluorescent Dynabeads was established to detect Neu-Exo abundance. MiRNA signature of Neu-Exo was identified by RNA sequencing. QRT-PCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) were used for candidate miRNA detection and the potential of Neu-Exo miRNAs in the diagnosis of gastric cancer was evaluated.
RESULTS: Dual antibody-assisted fluorescent Dynabeads obtained a detection limit of 7.8 × 105 particles/mL of Neu-Exo and a recovery rate of 81 % under optimized conditions. ROC curve indicated that the abundance of CD66b+ Neu-Exo could well distinguish GC patients from healthy controls (HC) (AUC > 0.8). Additionally, miR-223-3p was found among the top differentially expressed miRNAs in Neu-Exo and presented superior diagnostic value in gastric cancer. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency to differentiate GC patients from HC and benign gastric diseases (BGD) patients (AUC > 0.9).
CONCLUSION: The Dynabeads-based separation and detection system, assisted with ddPCR analysis, provides a promising platform to enrich Neu-Exo and analyze miRNA profile for gastric cancer liquid biopsy.

Keywords: Exosomes; Gastric cancer; Liquid biopsy; Neutrophils; miRNA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2024.117773