bims-exocan Biomed News
on Exosomes roles in cancer
Issue of 2023‒10‒22
six papers selected by
Muhammad Rizwan, COMSATS University
  1. Tumor cells-derived exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer angiogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and prospective.
  2. Potential roles of the exosome/microRNA axis in breast cancer.
  3. Role of exosomes in the development, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
  4. Unlocking Exosome-Based Theragnostic Signatures: Deciphering Secrets of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis.
  5. Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer progression: mechanisms, roles, and potential applications.
  6. A Synergistic Approach Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Based on Exosomes and Exploitation of Metabolic Pathways.
  1. Cell Biochem Funct. 2023 Oct 16.
    Tumor cells-derived exosomal noncoding RNAs in cancer angiogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and prospective.
    Fereshteh Nazari-Khanamiri, Nima Abdyazdani, Reza Abbasi, Mahdi Ahmadi, Jafar Rezaie.
      Exosomes, heterogeneous, membrane-bound nanoparticles that originated from eukaryotic cells, contribute to intracellular communication by transferring various biomolecules both on their surface and as internal cargo. One of the most significant current discussions on cancer progression is noncoding RNAs cargo of exosomes, which can regulate angiogenesis in tumor. A growing body of evidence shows that exosomes from tumor cells contain various microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs that can promote tumor progression by inducing angiogenesis. However, some noncoding RNAs may inhibit cancer angiogenesis. Targeting angiogenic noncoding RNA of exosomes may serve as a hopeful implement for cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss the latest knowledge of the roles of exosomal noncoding RNAs in tumor angiogenesis Understanding the biology of exosomal noncoding RNAs can help scientists plan exosomes-based innovations for the treatment of cancer angiogenesis and cancer biomarkers.
    Keywords:  angiogenesis; cancer; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; noncoding RNAs
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3874
  2. Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Oct 05. pii: S0344-0338(23)00546-0. [Epub ahead of print]251 154845
    Potential roles of the exosome/microRNA axis in breast cancer.
    Alireza Soleimani Mamalo, Vahid Alivirdiloo, Azadeh Sadeghnejad, Mobasher Hajiabbasi, Morad Kohandel Gargari, Mohammad Valilo.
      Cancer is one of the most common diseases in the world, and various genetic and environmental factors play a key role in its development. Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers in women. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with an average size of about 100 nm that contain lipids, proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and genetic factors and play a significant role in cell signaling, communication, tumorigenesis, and drug resistance. miRNAs are RNAs with about 22 nucleotides, which are synthesized by RNA polymerase and are involved in regulating gene expression, as well as the prevention or progression of cancer. Many studies have indicated the connection between miRNAs and exosomes. According to their findings, it seems that circulating exosomal miRNAs have not been well evaluated as biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis or monitoring. Therefore, given the importance of miRNAs in exosomes, the goal of the present study was to clarify the relationship between miRNAs in exosomes and the role they play as biomarkers in breast cancer.
    Keywords:  Breast Cancer; Chemotherapy; Exosome; Metastasis; MiRNA
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2023.154845
  3. Mol Med. 2023 Oct 17. 29(1): 136
    Role of exosomes in the development, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
    Meijin Liu, Zhonghong Lai, Xiaoying Yuan, Qing Jin, Haibin Shen, Dingyu Rao, Defa Huang.
      Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. It is characterized by occult onset resulting in most patients being diagnosed at advanced stages and with poor prognosis. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a lipid bilayer envelope released by various cells under physiological and pathological conditions, which play an important role in the biological information transfer between cells. There is growing evidence that HCC cell-derived exosomes may contribute to the establishment of a favorable microenvironment that supports cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. These exosomes not only provide a versatile platform for diagnosis but also serve as a vehicle for drug delivery. In this paper, we review the role of exosomes involved in the proliferation, migration, and metastasis of HCC and describe their application in HCC diagnosis and treatment. We also discuss the prospects of exosome application in HCC and the research challenges.
    Keywords:  Cellular drug resistance; Diagnosis; Exosomes; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Migration and transfer; Proliferation
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-023-00731-5
  4. ACS Omega. 2023 Oct 10. 8(40): 36614-36627
    Unlocking Exosome-Based Theragnostic Signatures: Deciphering Secrets of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis.
    Sayantanee Mukherjee, Sagnik Nag, Nobendu Mukerjee, Swastika Maitra, Raman Muthusamy, Neeraj Kumar Fuloria, Shivkanya Fuloria, Manab Deb Adhikari, Krishnan Anand, Nanasaheb Thorat, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan, Sukhamoy Gorai.
      Ovarian cancer (OC) is a common gynecological cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, the lack of early detection methods translates into a substantial cohort of women grappling with the pressing health crisis. The discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) (their major subpopulation exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies) has provided new insights into the understanding of cancer. Exosomes, a subpopulation of EVs, play a crucial role in cellular communication and reflect the cellular status under both healthy and pathological conditions. Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) dynamically influence ovarian cancer progression by regulating uncontrolled cell growth, immune suppression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and the development of drug and therapeutic resistance. In the field of OC diagnostics, TEXs offer potential biomarkers in various body fluids. On the other hand, exosomes have also shown promising abilities to cure ovarian cancer. In this review, we address the interlink between exosomes and ovarian cancer and explore their theragnostic signature. Finally, we highlight future directions of exosome-based ovarian cancer research.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c02837
  5. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2023 Oct 18.
    Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles in cancer progression: mechanisms, roles, and potential applications.
    Ziyang Ye, Wenjie Chen, Genpeng Li, Jing Huang, Jianyong Lei.
      Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles that mediate vital cellular communication by transferring cargo between cells. Among these, tissue-derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) stand out due to their origin from the tissue microenvironment, providing a more accurate reflection of changes in this setting. This unique advantage makes Ti-EVs valuable in investigating the intricate relationship between extracellular vesicles and cancer progression. Despite considerable research efforts exploring the association between Ti-EVs and cancers, a comprehensive clustering or grouping of these studies remains lacking. In this review, we aim to fill this gap by presenting a comprehensive synthesis of the mechanisms underlying Ti-EV generation, release, and transport within cancer tissues. Moreover, we delve into the pivotal roles that Ti-EVs play in cancer progression, shedding light on their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The review culminates in the construction of a comprehensive functional spectrum of Ti-EVs, providing a valuable reference for future research endeavors. By summarizing the current state of knowledge on Ti-EVs and their significance in tumor biology, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of cancer microenvironment dynamics and opens up avenues for harnessing Ti-EVs in diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
    Keywords:  Cancer progression; Diagnostic tools; Extracellular vesicles; Microenvironment; Therapeutic applications; Ti-EVs; Tissue-derived extracellular vesicles
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-023-10147-6
  6. J Pharm Sci. 2023 Oct 14. pii: S0022-3549(23)00426-4. [Epub ahead of print]
    A Synergistic Approach Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Based on Exosomes and Exploitation of Metabolic Pathways.
    Inmaculada de Dios-Pérez, Álvaro González-Garcinuño, Isabel Muñoz-Barroso, Eva María Martín Del Valle.
      In order to reduce the side effects of traditional chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), a new drug delivery system has been developed in this work, based on exosomes that can host two drugs that act synergistically: farnesol (that stops the cell cycle) and paclitaxel (prevents microtubule system depolymerization). Firstly, exosomes were isolated from different cell cultures (from colorectal cancer and from fibroblast as example of normal cell line) by different methods and characterized by western blot, TEM and DLS, and results showed that they express classical protein markers such as CD9 and HSP-70 and they showed spherical morphology with sizes from 93 nm to 129 nm depending on the source. These exosomes were loaded with both drugs and its effect was studied in vitro. The efficacy was studied by comparing the viability of cell cultures with a colorectal cancer cell line (HCT-116) and a normal cell line (fibroblast HS-5). Results showed that exosomes present a specific effect with more reduction in cell viability in tumour cultures than healthy ones. In summary, exosomes are presented in this work as a promising strategy for colorectal cancer treatment.
    Keywords:  Cell line(s); Colorectal cancer; Cyclodextrin(s); Drug delivery system(s); Drug targeting; Exosome(s); Farnesol; Nanotechnology; Paclitaxel; Poorly water-soluble drug(s)
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.017
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