bims-exemet Biomed News
on Exercise metabolism
Issue of 2021–06–27
two papers selected by
Javier Botella Ruiz, Victoria University
  1. Exercise and Health, Historical Perspectives and New Insights.
  2. Three weeks of interrupting sitting lowers fasting glucose and glycemic variability, but not glucose tolerance, in free-living women and men with obesity.
  1. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2021 06 24.
    Exercise and Health, Historical Perspectives and New Insights.
    Mark Hargreaves.
      Since ancient times, the health benefits of regular physical activity/exercise have been recognised and the classic studies of Morris and Paffenbarger provided the epidemiological evidence in support of such an association. Cardiorespiratory fitness, often measured by maximal oxygen uptake, and habitual physical activity levels are inversely related to mortality. Thus, studies exploring the biological bases of the health benefits of exercise have largely focused on the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle (mass and metabolism), although there is increasing evidence that multiple tissues and organ systems are influenced by regular exercise. Communication between contracting skeletal muscle and multiple organs has been implicated in exercise benefits, as indeed has other inter-organ "cross-talk". The application of molecular biology techniques and 'omics' approaches to questions in exercise biology has opened new lines of investigation to better understand the beneficial effects of exercise and, in so doing, inform the optimisation of exercise regimens and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to enhance health and well-being.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00242.2021
  2. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2021 06 21.
    Three weeks of interrupting sitting lowers fasting glucose and glycemic variability, but not glucose tolerance, in free-living women and men with obesity.
    Jonathon Ab Smith, Mladen Savikj, Parneet Sethi, Simon Platt, Brendan M Gabriel, John A Hawley, David W Dunstan, Anna Krook, Juleen R Zierath, Erik Naslund.
      OBJECTIVE To determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting improves glycemic control and the metabolic profile of free-living adults with obesity. METHODS Sixteen sedentary individuals (10 women/6 men; median [IQR] age 50 [44-53] years, BMI 32 [32-35.8] kg/m2) were fitted with continuous glucose and activity monitors for 4 weeks. After a 1-week baseline period, participants were randomized into habitual lifestyle (Control) or Frequent Activity Breaks from Sitting (FABS) intervention groups. Each day, between 0800-1800 h, FABS received smartwatch notifications to break sitting with 3 min of low-to-moderate-intensity physical activity every 30 min. Glycemic control was assessed by OGTT and continuous glucose monitoring. Blood samples and vastus lateralis biopsies were taken for assessment of clinical chemistry and the skeletal muscle lipidome, respectively. RESULTS Compared to baseline, FABS increased median steps by 744 (IQR [483-951]) and walking time by 10.4 (IQR [2.2-24.6]) min per day. Other indices of activity/sedentary behavior were unchanged. Glucose tolerance and average 24-h glucose curves were also unaffected. However, mean (±SD) fasting glucose levels (-0.34 [±0.37] mmol/L) and daily glucose variation (%CV; -2 [±2.2]%) reduced in FABS, suggesting a modest benefit for glycemic control that was most robust at higher volumes of daily activity. Clinical chemistry and the skeletal muscle lipidome were largely unperturbed, although 2 long-chain triglycerides increased 1.25-fold in FABS, post-intervention. All parameters remained stable in Control. CONCLUSIONS Under free-living conditions, FABS lowered fasting glucose and glucose variability. Larger volumes of activity breaks from sitting may be required to promote greater health benefits.
    Keywords:  Insulin resistance; Obesity; activity breaks; glycemia; lipids
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00599.2020
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