bims-evares Biomed News
on Evaluation of research
Issue of 2026–03–15
29 papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society



  1. J Korean Med Sci. 2026 Mar 09. 41(9): e84
       BACKGROUND: Social media is an essential tool for the dissemination of scientific information. The growing number of publications related to social media raises concerns about the proliferation of misleading information in the scientific literature. Retractions act as a crucial corrective mechanism in scholarly publishing; however, their relationship with social media visibility has not been thoroughly examined.
    METHODS: As part of our descriptive research, 55 retracted social media-related publications indexed in the PubMed database were analyzed. Such characteristics as the number of authors, the time from the date of publication to the retraction, the indexing of publications in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases, the country of the authors of correspondence, the reasons for the retraction, and Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) were analyzed. The data on citations and mentions in various social media platforms were analyzed.
    RESULTS: The highest number of retracted publications was published in 2023 (n = 39), and the median time from publication date to retraction amounted to 541 (28-912) days. China and India were the leading countries for corresponding authorship and international collaborations. The leading causes of retractions were Investigation by Journal/Publisher (n = 45), Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions (n = 41), Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions (n = 37), Concerns/Issues with Peer Review (n = 35), and Concerns/Issues about Results and/or Conclusions (n = 35). The median AAS of retracted publications was 1.5 (1-1,627). A positive correlation was found between the number of citations and AAS (rho = 0.562, P < 0.001).
    CONCLUSION: Retracted social media-related papers can gain substantial digital circulation before formal retraction, highlighting vulnerabilities in the current scientific interaction ecosystem. These findings urge more post-publication supervision, timely retraction notices, and international collaboration to enhance research integrity, especially in the rapid, decentralized digital distribution age.
    Keywords:  Altmetrics; Information Science; Retraction Notice; Retraction of Publication; Social Media
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2026.41.e84
  2. J Thorac Dis. 2026 Feb 28. 18(2): 81
       Background: End-stage respiratory diseases has become a major global health challenge, and lung transplantation (LTX) has emerged as the only currently viable therapeutic option and gained momentum in the last four decades. This study aimed to scientifically visualize the knowledge structure of the LTX research field based on highly cited documents through bibliometric analysis, while integrating current research hotspots to provide valuable insights.
    Methods: Research searches and data collection were obtained from Web of Science Core Collection. Calculations and visualizations were performed through Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Bibliometrix R-package.
    Results: From 1980 to November 1, 2024, we identified the top 500 highly cited documents in the field of LTX. Our findings showed that USA, University of Toronto, Keshavjee S, and Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation were the top country, institution, author and journal with the highest number of publications, while Yousem SA and Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation were the top cited scholar and journal. The high frequency keywords were "bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome", "transplant recipients", and "rejection". In addition, "pulmonary fibrosis", "ischemia-reperfusion injury", "primary graft dysfunction", and "ex vivo lung perfusion" are worthy of attention.
    Conclusions: Our study provided detailed lists of the most highly cited documents in the field of LTX, and comprehensively and visually summarized the knowledge structure of LTX field and gave valuable insights. It aims to inspire subsequent research from macro perspectives and inform the rational allocation of resources and identification of sources of collaboration.
    Keywords:  Lung transplantation (LTX); bibliometric analysis; citation; extensive review; visualization analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd-2025-1845
  3. Int Endod J. 2026 Mar 09.
       BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews are essential for evidence-based decision-making in endodontics, and their number has grown substantially in recent years. However, little is known about the publication patterns, methodological features and citation impact of these studies.
    OBJECTIVES: To perform a bibliometric analysis of evidence synthesis reviews (including systematic, scoping, bibliometric and umbrella reviews) in endodontics published between 2018 and 2023, and to evaluate the associations between citation impact and demographic, article-related, author-related and journal-related variables.
    METHODS: This bibliometric analysis was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jf9et/). A comprehensive search was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library). Inclusion criteria encompassed systematic, scoping, umbrella and bibliometric reviews in endodontics. Citation data were extracted from Scopus and Google Scholar. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression to assess associations with citation counts.
    RESULTS: Of 9683 records identified, 511 endodontic reviews met the inclusion criteria. Most were published in 2022-2023, predominantly by authors from Asia, Europe and the Americas. Brazil had the highest publication volume, while the USA led in citations. PRISMA adherence was high (90%), but funding and conflict of interest disclosures were infrequent. Citation impact was positively associated with earlier publication year, the last author's h-index, the number of included studies and journal CiteScore. Methodological factors such as protocol registration and article-related variables like open access were not significantly associated with citations after adjustment.
    CONCLUSION: The citation impact of endodontic evidence synthesis reviews is primarily influenced by temporal factors, author academic standing and journal prestige rather than methodological rigour alone. These findings reveal a disconnect between indicators of research quality and citation performance and highlight the necessity of promoting transparency as a scientific value rather than as a surrogate for visibility.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jf9et/).
    Keywords:  bibliometric analysis; citation impact; endodontics; publication patterns; systematic reviews
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/iej.70133
  4. J Foot Ankle Res. 2026 Mar;19(1): e70143
       BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to undertake a bibliographic analysis of foot and lower leg research relating to paediatric podiatry by Australian or affiliated Australian authors.
    METHODS: The Scopus database search was conducted to identify all foot and lower limb research articles involving an Australian cohort of participants, published by Australian authors, or those affiliated with Australian institutions, pertaining to paediatric podiatry, in English from 1970 to 2024. We used bibliometric analysis through an open-source tool based on the R language. We described citations, journals, authors and institutions; countries and publications were manually categorised according to research type, level of evidence and funding source.
    RESULTS: The search strategy yielded 280 eligible articles, which received a total of 8331 citations and were published by 793 authors in 104 journals. The most frequent journal was Gait & Posture (35 articles; 12%), and the most published institution was the University of Sydney (170 affiliations). Most of the Australian paediatric articles published focused on detection, screening and diagnosis (n = 70, 25%) and only 33 articles (12%) provided Level I evidence. Seventy-three paediatric articles (25%) received Category 1 funding; 154 articles (55%) reported no research funding.
    CONCLUSION: Paediatric podiatry research represents 17% of Australian foot and lower limb research. Despite the smaller population base, paediatric research attracts a high level of engagement, moderate citation rates and low funding rates when compared to adult population studies. Paediatric podiatry research is primarily produced via Level 3 evidence. This highlights the need for an increase in the robustness of research methodologies in paediatric podiatry research to strengthen the quality and applicability of evidence informing clinical care for children and adolescent populations.
    Keywords:  Australia; allied health; child; foot; publications; research trends
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/jfa2.70143
  5. J Vitreoretin Dis. 2026 Mar 10. 24741264261423315
      Purpose: To systematically summarize the 100 most-mentioned and most-cited articles from the past decade to analyze research trends in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the implications on patient education. Methods: The Altmetric Explorer and Web of Science databases were searched for articles on DR published from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2023. The 100 most-mentioned and most-cited articles were screened from each database, and the publication year, journal, first author's sex, country of origin, total citations, Altmetric Attention score, research topic, and research type were recorded. Article metrics between the 100 most-mentioned and most-cited articles were compared. Results: The 100 most-mentioned articles had a median Altmetric Attention score of 161 and a median citation count of 49. The 100 most-cited articles had a median Altmetric Attention score of 35.5 and a median citation count of 312. JAMA Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology published the highest proportion of most-mentioned and most-cited articles. A strong positive correlation was found between the Altmetric Attention score and citation count for both the most-mentioned (r = 0.420, P < .001) and most-cited articles (r = 0.599, P < .001). The most common research subtopics of the most-mentioned and most-cited articles were epidemiology (42%) and screening (40%). Thirty articles were featured on both lists. Conclusions: The altmetric and bibliometric patterns seen in this study provide insight into the current and future trends in DR research and can be used to inform education outreach initiatives and improve patient outcomes.
    Keywords:  altmetric; bibliometric; diabetic retinopathy; patient education
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/24741264261423315
  6. Neuroradiology. 2026 Mar 13.
      
    Keywords:  Bibliometric; Citation; Collaboration; Congress abstracts; Neuroradiology; Publication rate
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-026-03970-5
  7. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2026 Mar 12. pii: ajnr.A9292. [Epub ahead of print]
       BACKGROUND: Bibliometric profiling of specialty journals can provide insight into scientific trends, collaboration patterns, and the evolving focus of fields. We analyzed three decades of American Journal of Neuroradiology (AJNR) publications (1995-2024) to determine whether longitudinal bibliometric indicators of AJNR publications demonstrate measurable temporal trends and reflect changes in citation behavior, journal impact, and article characteristics over time.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: All AJNR publications within the study period were retrieved and standardized. Title-based mining of curated keywords described annual frequencies, temporal dynamics, and exploratory correlation patterns. We performed a descriptive bibliometric ranking analysis and assessed authorship via total and first-author counts. Collaboration patterns were evaluated using descriptive co-authorship network statistics including degree, clustering coefficient, and centrality measures.
    RESULTS: AJNR persistently remain in the first quartile for "Neurology (Clinical)" and "Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging" during the entire analyzed period. Publication volume exhibited long-cycle fluctuations, with a plateau in the mid-2000s and a modest decline after 2020. Cerebrovascular topics dominated title keywords, with temporal surges closely aligning with major trials and the uptake of mechanical thrombectomy. Keyword associations analysis demonstrated tight clustering of vascular and interventional items. Authorship distribution was highly skewed, with a small group of prolific contributors a large number of occasional authors, while international participation expanded over time. Co-authorship networks were dense and highly clustered, consistent with mature multi-institutional collaboration.
    CONCLUSIONS: AJNR's bibliometric profile reflects the maturation of diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology, with topic surges tracking pivotal clinical evidence and technological adoption. Despite the concentration of output among a limited prolific groups, collaboration density and global engagement have increased steadily.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A9292
  8. Urology. 2026 Mar 10. pii: S0090-4295(26)00161-5. [Epub ahead of print]
       OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize PubMed-indexed research productivity among all matched applicants in the 2024-2025 Urology Residency Match and evaluate its association with residency program tier in the post-USMLE Step 1 pass/fail era.
    METHODS: PGY1 urology residents were identified through independent verification of publicly available residency program rosters. PubMed-indexed publications completed prior to application submission were identified and verified using a standardized attribution framework. Programs were stratified into five tiers based on Doximity 2025-2026 reputation rankings. Publication counts were compared across tiers using nonparametric testing. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed publication thresholds associated with matching into higher-tier programs.
    RESULTS: Among 418 matched residents, 1,313 PubMed-indexed publications were identified. The median publication count was 1 (interquartile range 0-3), and 28.0% of matched applicants had no publications at the time of application. Research productivity differed significantly across program tiers (p < 0.0001), with higher-tier programs demonstrating greater publication volume and a higher concentration of high-output outliers. ROC analysis demonstrated moderate discrimination for top-tier program matching (area under the curve 0.64). A threshold of approximately two publications optimized discrimination, with diminishing returns observed at higher publication counts.
    CONCLUSIONS: Research productivity among matched urology applicants is highly heterogeneous but demonstrates a graded association with residency program tier. Approximately two PubMed-indexed publications maximize probabilistic discrimination for higher-tier matching, supporting focused scholarly engagement rather than high-volume output. These findings provide contemporary benchmarks for applicants and program directors.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2026.02.038
  9. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2026 Jan;84(1): 1-8
      Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria (ANP) celebrated 80 years in 2023. We have previously evaluated the publication trends throughout the first 20 years.To analyze the publication trends, authorship, and editorial patterns of the volumes 21 to 40 of ANP (1983-1962).Data were tabulated independently by two blinded researchers and cross-verified by independent researchers and automated data extraction technology (Python script).From 1963 to 1982, 20 volumes, 80 issues, and 904 articles were published. In 1970, ANP became the official journal of Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (ABN, the Brazilian Academy of Neurology). We analyzed 795 articles (and excluded non-research papers). Compared to the first 20 years, there was a significant increase in the total number of authors per article (2.73; p < 0.05), a significant increase in the percentage of female authors (to 10.96%; p < 0.05), and a decrease in the number of pages per article (p < 0.05). Antonio Spina-França, Walter Carlos Pereira, and Michel Pierre Lison were the most prolific authors. Most of the articles were on the topics of Neurology/Child Neurology, with a decrease in the percentage of Psychiatry papers and an increase in Basic Research contributions. There was also a linear increase in the total number of articles from 1963 to 1982, as detected by regression analysis (R2 = 0.86; p < 0.0001). Most of the articles were written in Portuguese and by authors from Southeastern Brazil (71.1%).The years 1963 to 1982 marked the resilience of ANP during the tempestuous years of the Brazilian Military dictatorship, coinciding with an increased split between the Neurology and Psychiatry fields, the appearance of clinical trials and large case series, and a greater development in the understanding of neuroinfectious diseases.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1815737
  10. Account Res. 2026 May;33(4): 2549008
       BACKGROUND: The 2024 Stanford career-long list of the world's top 2% scientists (WTSs) by citation impact, which for the first time includes retraction data, offers a unique opportunity to explore research integrity within this group of elite researchers.
    METHODS: This study examines the retraction data across multiple dimensions, including countries/regions, institutions, research domains, fields, and subfields, using three key metrics: the prevalence of WTSs with retractions, the retraction rate, and the citation rate of retracted publications.
    RESULTS: Our analysis reveals significant variations in these retraction metrics by country/region income level, level of seniority in academic publishing, and research domain. Significant differences were also observed between China and the USA. Based on these findings, we argue that elite researchers should be held accountable and sanctioned for their retractions. Accordingly, we propose a ranking-based sanction framework for identifying and ranking WTSs with retractions, and this framework is applied to the 2024 Stanford career-long list to illustrate its practical applicability.
    CONCLUSION: We discuss the findings and their implications for addressing retractions among elite researchers, as well as strategies for refining the ranking-based sanction framework.
    Keywords:  Elite researcher; research integrity; retracted publication; retraction rate; sanction
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2025.2549008
  11. Discov Oncol. 2026 Mar 13.
       BACKGROUND: Lung cancer (LC) and heart failure (HF) are being increasingly seen as related conditions, with rising concerns about the cardiotoxic effects of treatments.
    METHODS: We conducted a bibliometric study on research related to LC and HF from 2014 to 2024 using the Web of Science Core Collection. To examine research trends and collaborations, data were analyzed and visualized using R, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer.
    RESULTS: The research encompassed 531 articles from 194 different journals, with contributions from 3963 authors. The United States and China have been the leading contributors to LC and HF research, with 146 and 120 publications, and 5307 and 1403 citations, respectively. Carmen Bergom from the United States, along with Aidan J. Cole, Suneil Jain, and Gerard M. Walls from the United Kingdom, are recognized leaders in this field due to their prolific publications. Lancet Oncology has consistently and significantly impacted the field, and an article in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, which is the most cited, examines cardiac toxicity after radiotherapy for Stage III non-small-cell lung cancer through a pooled analysis of dose-escalation trials delivering 70 to 90 Gy. The focus of recent research is on immunotherapy (ICIs), cardiac toxicity associated with radiotherapy, and palliative care.
    CONCLUSION: This innovative mapping research highlights an increasing focus on the link between LC and HF, particularly concerning treatment-induced cardiotoxicity. Nonetheless, studies on their two-way interaction are still scarce, pointing to a promising yet under-researched area. Combining oncology and cardiology could reveal new insights to tailor personalized care and enhance results. Our research provides a foundation for future interdisciplinary investigations in the developing field of cardio-oncology.
    Keywords:  Bibliometric analysis; Cardio-oncology; Heart failure; Lung cancer; Research trends
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-04234-z
  12. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2026 ;pii: S0004-27492026000200606. [Epub ahead of print]89(2): 0224
       PURPOSE: To evaluate the academic and professional trajectories of graduates from the Graduate Program in Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences at the Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, including geographic distribution, occupational characteristics, and scientific productivity.
    METHODS: This descriptive, retrospective, quantitative study included 498 alumni who completed the program between 1979 and 2021. Data were obtained from institutional records and supplemented by public databases (Google Scholar, Lattes Platform, and LinkedIn). The analyzed variables included demographic characteristics, academic background, current professional role, and bibliometric indicators (citation count and h-index). Statistical analyses comprised nonparametric tests and linear regression, with a significance level set at 5%.
    RESULTS: Most alumni were Brazilian (96.6%) and physicians (90.7%), predominantly located in the Southeast region (66.9%). Doctoral training was completed by 80.5% of participants. Alumni with current institutional ties to Universidade Federal de São Paulo or Hospital São Paulo demonstrated significantly higher citation counts and h-index values. No significant correlation was observed between time since graduation and citation count (p=0.185). Alumni engaged in academic roles or with postdoctoral training showed greater scientific productivity.
    CONCLUSIONS: The findings highlight the strong academic performance and professional integration of alumni from Universidade Federal de São Paulo, particularly within public institutions and the Southeast region of Brazil. Doctoral training and institutional affiliation were associated with higher scientific productivity. Alumni tracking provides valuable insights into the impact of postgraduate programs and informs strategic planning and development.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.2025-0224
  13. Br Paramed J. 2026 Mar 01. 10(4): 18-24
       Introduction: The growth of the paramedic profession over recent years is reflected in the growing body of publications by paramedics or related to paramedics, ambulance services and pre-hospital care. Publications are not the only method by which new knowledge can be disseminated, and conferences represent another method of dissemination. Conference presentations may or may not be published, so studying these presents a different perspective on topics of interest and research happening within the profession. This study set out to report on material presented at large conferences relevant to UK paramedics between 2010 and 2023.
    Methods: The project comprised a bibliometric study describing presentations from UK conferences relevant to paramedics between 2010 and 2023. Conferences relevant to paramedic practice were selected by the study team based on pre-determined criteria. Standardised forms were used to extract data on presentations and presenters. Data are presented descriptively.
    Results: Six large conferences (999 EMS Research Forum, Ambulance Leadership Forum, Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care Conference, College of Paramedics National Conference, Research Conference and Student Conference) were selected, and data from 43 individual conferences were collected, representing 70% of the potential conferences during this time frame. The data include 690 presentations given by 551 individual presenters. Paramedics were the most common professional group presenting. The London Ambulance Service, North East Ambulance Service and University of Sheffield were the most common institutions represented. The most common topics under discussion were policy and practice, research and trauma. The most common methodologies were qualitative.
    Conclusion: This study provides an overview of research presented at paramedic, ambulance service and pre-hospital conferences. A wide range of research was presented at the selected conferences by many individuals. A wide range of topics feature in the data, but high-impact, low-frequency clinical conditions, such as cardiac arrest and major trauma, feature highly.
    Keywords:  conference; mapping; paramedic
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.29045/14784726.2026.3.10.4.18
  14. J Surg Res. 2026 Mar 06. pii: S0022-4804(26)00045-4. [Epub ahead of print]320 99-105
       INTRODUCTION: The integrated plastic surgery (IPS) match is one of the most competitive in medicine. Following the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 transition to pass/fail, research productivity has become increasingly important. Open access (OA) publishing offers additional publishing routes and increased visibility for students but requires article processing charges (APCs), creating potential financial barriers.
    METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of PubMed-indexed publications authored by matched IPS residents from the 2022-2024 cycles (n = 555). Residents were identified on program websites. OA journals were confirmed via publisher websites and the Directory of Open Access Journals. APCs were recorded from publisher fee schedules and assigned by article type. Expenditures were compared across cycles and between top 20 versus non-top 20 programs per Doximity.
    RESULTS: Among 555 matched applicants, 68.9% had at least one OA publication; 27.8% of all publications were OA. OA articles had lower median 2-year impact factors than subscription publications (1.5 versus 2.6, P < 0.0001). Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open accounted for single highest publication venue (24.3% of OA publications). A total of $2.7 million in APCs were associated with OA publications across all three cohorts. The median APC expenditure per applicant rose from $1600 in the Class of 2022 to $1992 in the Class of 2023, and reaching $3500 in the Class of 2024, showing a 118.8% increase over 3 y (P = 0.0053). Applicants matching at top 20 programs carried median OA costs that were 111.0% more than peers ($3165 versus $1,500, P = 0.00005). The highest single applicant expenditure exceeded $98,000.
    CONCLUSIONS: OA publishing now constitutes a significant feature of IPS applicant research. APC costs surpass other match-related expenses and are disproportionately concentrated among applicants matching at highly ranked programs, potentially reinforcing inequities tied to institutional resources.
    Keywords:  Open access publishing; Plastic surgery match; Residency application costs; Socioeconomic disparities; USMLE Step 1 pass/fail
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2026.02.003
  15. Updates Surg. 2026 Mar 13.
      
    Keywords:  Artificial intelligence; Bibliometric analysis; Robot-assisted surgery; Visual analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s13304-026-02575-0
  16. J Clin Med. 2026 Mar 02. pii: 1900. [Epub ahead of print]15(5):
      Background/Objectives: The relationship between clinical volume and academic performance in orthopedic surgery remains understudied. The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of high-achieving academic orthopedic surgeons in an attempt to extrapolate patterns and trends that govern the relationship between clinical performance and academia in orthopedic surgery. Methods: The 2023 National Plan and Provider Enumeration System and Medicare claims data (2021-2022) databases were used to include all active orthopedic surgeons of different subspecialties. A publication score, based on publication volume, journal impact, and authorship position, was calculated for each included surgeon, and surgeons who scored in the top 5% were deemed high-achieving academic orthopedic surgeons. Additional data pertaining to demographic characteristics, clinical volume, relative value units (RVUs), and Healthgrades ratings were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 23,403 orthopedic surgeons were included in our study, with 1169 considered top researchers. There were significant disparities in multiple parameters according to gender. Moreover, there were geographic variations among orthopedic surgeons with regard to mean publication scores, clinical volume, and RVUs. The top researcher cohort had a higher mean publication score (p < 0.001) and a higher mean clinical volume (p < 0.001) when compared to the total surgeon cohort. Mean RVUs were higher in the total surgeon cohort, although not reaching significance. Hip and knee, as well as shoulder and elbow surgeons, had significantly greater clinical volumes in the top researcher cohort than in the total surgeon cohort (p < 0.001). Despite differences in clinical and research metrics, there were no significant differences in mean Healthgrades ratings and the mean number of Healthgrades ratings between the top researcher sample and the non-top researcher sample. Conclusions: Higher research productivity was not associated with lower clinical productivity, as high-achieving academic orthopedic surgeons demonstrated high academic performance while remaining clinically active.
    Keywords:  Healthgrades; RVU; all-stars; clinical volume; publication
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15051900
  17. HCA Healthc J Med. 2026 ;7(1): 25-48
       Introduction: Concerns are rising regarding the quality, validity, and reliability of clinical research findings in medical literature. This investigation sought to identify the most cited orthopedic clinical studies and assess the replicability of the findings reported.
    Methods: Web of Science was used to identify the top ten orthopedic surgery journals by impact factor from which primary comparative studies cited at least 250 times were identified. A second literature search identified follow-up studies relevant to the respective primary studies. Studies investigating the same intervention via parallel methodology were summarized and their conclusions compared to their respective highly cited primary study.
    Results: Seven primary highly cited clinical studies met inclusion criteria. A literature search identified and screened 1163 follow-up articles, of which 79 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 70.9% (56/79) of studies were randomized clinical trials, 7.6% (6/79) were multicenter in nature, and 67% (53/79) were classified as level I evidence. Average subject cohort size in the follow-up studies was 365 patients (range, 10-4564). The rate of coming to the same conclusion as the primary study was 45.5% (36/79). The rate of different conclusions from the primary studies was 26.6% (21/79). Additionally, 16.5% (13/79) found a weaker correlation, and 11.4% (9/79) neither agreed nor disagreed with the primary study. No significant association existed between study design, level of evidence, or study size and agreement or disagreement with the original paper (P > .05).
    Conclusion: Less than 50% of replicating follow-up studies support the effects demonstrated by highly cited comparative studies in orthopedic literature, which is a lower rate than that reported by other areas of medicine. Difficulty performing large, high-level-of-evidence studies and publication bias likely contribute to this observation. Based on these findings we believe that replication of prior research, emphasis on research quality, and conscious awareness of the limitations of clinical research are critical to the quality of orthopedic literature.
    Keywords:  evidence-based medicine; follow-up studies; highly cited studies; orthopedic research; replication
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.36518/2689-0216.2188
  18. Knee. 2026 Mar 06. pii: S0968-0160(26)00095-5. [Epub ahead of print]60 104417
       BACKGROUND: Spin bias in the abstract of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) may impact readers' perception of a treatment's efficacy. This study assessed spin in the abstracts of SRMAs on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA).
    METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for SRMAs on outcomes of RA-TKA. The nine most severe types of spin described by Yavchitz et al. were evaluated in the abstracts of included SRMAs. Full-text methodological quality of included SRMAs was then assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Associations between SRMA characteristics (e.g. citation count, publication year, journal impact factor) and the presence of any type of spin was analyzed using unadjusted odds ratios (ORs).
    RESULTS: Twenty-four SRMAs were included, 13 (54.1%) contained at least one form of spin. The most common was Type 3 spin (33%), characterized by selective emphasis on favorable outcomes, followed by Type 5 spin (29%), where conclusions claimed benefit despite high risk of bias. Using the AMSTAR-2 tool, methodological confidence was low (12.5%) or critically low (87.5%). Higher citation count was associated with increased odds of spin (OR 6.00, 95%CI 1.02-35.37). SRMAs published in 2023 or later were associated with decreased odds of spin (OR 0.17, 95%CI 0.03-0.98).
    CONCLUSION: Spin bias was present in the abstracts of over half of RA-TKA SRMAs, most commonly Type 3 and Type 5. Given the growing popularity of RA-TKA, SRMAs in this field should ensure fair presentation of all assessed outcomes and interpret findings in the context of potential reporting bias. LOE: IV.
    Keywords:  Methodology; Quality assessment; Robotic-assisted; Spin bias; Total knee arthroplasty
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2026.104417
  19. Curr Protoc. 2026 Mar;6(3): e70330
      Effective evaluation and assessment of research-focused programs, including centers, core facilities, and institutes, is crucial but inherently challenging. Faculty members are often departmentalized, yet their research necessitates campus-wide access to infrastructure, specialized equipment, students, and interdisciplinary collaborators, thus creating assessment and reporting challenges. Additionally, it can be challenging to demonstrate return on investment for new and emerging programs as well as those at institutions without an extensive history of research. Social network analysis (SNA) tools may be used to address these challenges. SNA provides a data-driven understanding of collaboration dynamics in programs designed to build research community and provides a method to quantify program impact and demonstrate the effectiveness of capacity-building investments in fostering collaborative research and scientific output. Additionally, SNA is useful in pinpointing influential researchers who act as central nodes or bridges, and may guide future efforts in mentorship, grant development, and recruitment, by highlighting areas of productive collaboration, or alternatively, potential fragmentation in the network. The results may be used to guide future resource allocation, inform new initiatives within the program, or alternatively, target interventions if needed to strengthen a specific research area. Initial analysis can help a program assess collaborative health of a research community by providing a baseline for tracking changes in network structure and collaboration patterns over time, setting the stage for longitudinal evaluation. This article outlines the steps required to carry out SNA of bibliometric data from a biomedical research community. The article describes the acquisition of data through PubMed, application of VOSviewer and Gephi, data visualization, statistical analysis, and generation of figures suitable for publication, including examples of results designed for specific audiences and stakeholders. The article also covers creating an author thesaurus for disambiguation of authors who publish under multiple names. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Obtaining data Basic Protocol 2: Initial bibliometric data processing and co-authorship network construction using VOSviewer Basic Protocol 3: Interfacing VOSviewer data with Gephi Basic Protocol 4: Advanced network visualization and statistical analysis in Gephi Basic Protocol 5: Creating impactful figures Basic Protocol 6: Identifying key individuals or groups of individuals within the network Support Protocol 1: VOSviewer author thesaurus file generation Support Protocol 2: Quick-start protocol: SNA for program evaluation.
    Keywords:  NIH IDeA programs; bibliometrics; biomedical research communities; co‐authorship network; research capacity building programs; research program evaluation; social network analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/cpz1.70330
  20. Front Gastroenterol (Lausanne). 2024 ;3 1374777
      
    Keywords:  gender; hepatology; liver; research; women
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fgstr.2024.1374777
  21. Aesthet Surg J. 2026 Mar 13. pii: sjag058. [Epub ahead of print]
       BACKGROUND: Industry relationships are common in plastic surgery but can introduce bias through conflicts of interest (COI). In 2010, the Physician Payment Sunshine Act mandated biomedical companies to disclose and publish physician payment records on the Open Payments database. Inconsistent author disclosures have been identified in peer-reviewed plastic surgery literature, but opinion-based plastic surgery literature (i.e., letters, commentaries, editorials) remain overlooked, despite a greater risk for bias and subjectivity.
    OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare author disclosures in opinion-based plastic surgery articles with Open Payments records.
    METHODS: COI disclosures amongst plastic surgeon authorships in all opinion-based articles published in Aesthetic Surgery Journal and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery from 2021 to 2023 were systematically reviewed and cross-referenced with Open Payments. The primary outcome was discrepancies of COIs with Open Payments records and vice versa. Secondary outcomes included proportion of discrepancies over $250 and predictive factors for discrepancies.
    RESULTS: 1,108 authorship disclosures were compared with Open Payments data. 62% (n=689) of authorships had at least one discrepancy; 61% (n=678) received undisclosed payments, while 12% (n=128) disclosed relationships without corresponding Open Payments record. Authorships with payments over $250 were more likely to have a discrepancy (99.6% vs 62%, p <0.0001). Publication year and author position were predictive of discrepancies, but there was no significant difference between journals.
    CONCLUSIONS: COI is under-reported in opinion-based plastic surgery literature, leaving readers unaware of potential biases. Accurate COI disclosure is essential to maintain ethical and high-quality research, therefore collaboration between authors, editors, and regulatory bodies is needed to improve reporting standards.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjag058
  22. Health Res Policy Syst. 2026 Mar 08.
       BACKGROUND: Despite progress in gender parity in medicine, women still face challenges in attaining senior academic and clinical roles. This study examines potential gender bias in awarding academic funding from the French National Clinical Research Program (PHRC-N), one of the main funders for clinical research in France.
    METHODS: This retrospective observational study analysed 2022 PHRC-N campaign applications. Anonymized data were provided by the French ministry of health, including investigator demographics (gender, academic rank, location, prior funding) and project characteristics (discipline, number of centre, budget, sample size). Outcomes examined included funding success rates from initial application to award, amounts requested and amounts awarded. Statistical analyses followed a protocol registered prospectively with univariate and multivariate logistic regression.
    RESULTS: Out of 321 eligible applications, 83/321 (26%) were led by women. Among these, 102/321 (32%) received funding, amounting to a total of 75 046 900 euros (i.e., 77 375 117 USD), with no significant difference observed between male (77/238, 32%) and female investigators (25/83, 34%; p = 0.707). Pre-selection rates and funding amounts awarded (781 243 ± 375 562 and 715 377 ± 251 307 euros for male and female investigators, respectively) also indicated no gender disparity. These findings remained consistent in multivariate analyses, which revealed higher success rates for projects led from the Île-de-France region (OR 1.79 [1.07-3.01], p = 0.027) and large-scale studies involving over 1000 participants (OR 3.83 [1.32-11.87], p < 0.016).
    CONCLUSIONS: There was an underrepresentation of women as principal investigators at the submission stage. However, no evidence of gender bias was found in PHRC funding outcomes for 2022. The lack of evidence for gender bias in funding outcomes should be interpreted with caution due to limited statistical power. Future research should examine long-term trends and broader funding programs to evaluate potential disparities in research opportunities and outcomes.
    Keywords:  Clinical research protocol; France; Funding; Gender equity
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-026-01450-z
  23. Perm J. 2026 Mar 13. 1-6
       INTRODUCTION: Multiple publications have shown that there is gender-based discrimination in surgery, aimed against surgeons who are women. The authors theorize that it was not due to a difference in clinical competence, but due to implicit bias: a subconscious prejudice that traditionally assigned women to homemaker roles. The authors designed this study to determine whether gender discrimination was due to implicit bias or a quantifiable difference in clinical competence.
    METHODS: This questionnaire study investigated prevailing attitudes among a professional association of surgeons in the Anglophone Caribbean. The authors collected data on gender discrimination and 4 parameters as proxies for clinical competence: judgment, thoroughness, surgical skill, and task completion. The SPSS version 20 was used to perform statistical analyses.
    RESULTS: A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed and 95 (68%) respondents observed gender discrimination in the workplace, with surgeons who are women significantly more likely to be victims of discrimination (64.2% vs 4.2%; z -8.7165; P < .0001). There was no difference between genders in clinical judgment nor surgical skill. There was a significant difference in thoroughness (47.4% vs 2.1%; P < .0001) and task completion (60% vs 24.2%; P < .0001), favoring surgeons who are women.
    CONCLUSION: Gender discrimination is still prevalent in surgical disciplines as the second quarter of the 21st century begins. The authors have demonstrated that surgeons who are women are substantially more likely to be the victims, likely due to implicit gender bias. The surgical community must address this urgently, because impeding full participation by women creates the chance for undermining the expansion of the workforce needed for the next generations' surgical care.
    Keywords:  Bias; Discrimination; Gender; Residency; Surgery
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/25.231
  24. Nature. 2026 Mar 10.
      
    Keywords:  Authorship; Publishing; Scientific community
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-00763-x
  25. mBio. 2026 Mar 09. e0365925
      
    Keywords:  ASM editorial policy; article processing charges; open access; rich groups; scientific publications
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.03659-25
  26. Heart Lung Circ. 2026 Mar 09. pii: S1443-9506(25)01756-1. [Epub ahead of print]
       BACKGROUND: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) affects 26,000 Australians each year, with an approximately 90% fatality rate.
    METHOD: Data from 2013 to 2023, inclusive for National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and 2020-2024 for National Heart Foundation (NHF) grant outcomes were obtained. Major causes of death were obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW).
    RESULTS: From the NHMRC, 10,474 projects were assessed. Annual investment in research per death was low for SCA at AUD$887 compared to conditions such as breast cancer (AUD$4,673 per death) and renal failure (AUD$5,957 per death). From the NHF, 341 relevant funded projects were identified across 14 broad themes. Overall, 15 applications (4.4%) related to SCA, with AUD$3,302,498.00 (4.3% of total funding) awarded. Most NHF SCA funding was allocated to pre-hospital care (AUD$1.42 million, 43% of awarded funding), whereas most NHMRC funding was allocated to prevention (AUD$24.3 million, 60% of awarded funding). Over time, SCA funding increased for both NHMRC and NHF schemes (NHMRC: AUD$2.32 million in 2013/14 vs AUD$11.2 million in 2021/22, NHF: AUD$331,600 in 2019/20 vs AUD$1.2 million in 2023/24).
    CONCLUSIONS: SCA is poorly captured as a leading cause of death in Australia. It is underfunded relative to other leading causes of mortality by up to a factor of 100. Investment in SCA research has increased over the last decade across Australian funding schemes, and this should be encouraged.
    Keywords:  Academic funding; Cardiac arrest; Research grant; Sudden cardiac death
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2025.11.013