bims-evares Biomed News
on Evaluation of research
Issue of 2021–09–12
48 papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society



  1. J Surg Res. 2021 Sep 03. pii: S0022-4804(21)00488-1. [Epub ahead of print]268 705-711
       BACKGROUND: Clinicians and medical researchers increasingly turn to nonformal online platforms to promote research. Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) is a quantitative measurement of online influence of research in real time. The objective of this study is to determine if AAS correlates with traditional bibliometrics in the orthopaedic literature.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: From the 15 orthopaedic journals with the highest impact factor, the 10 most cited articles from each journal were reviewed for 2014 -2017. For each article, AAS was collected using the Altmetric Bookmarklet application and citation count from SCOPUS. Journal impact factor was recorded using Journal Citation Reports. Statistical analysis included Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients.
    RESULTS: A total of 600 articles were analyzed. A significant positive correlation was found between citation count and AAS for 2014 (r = 0.3188, p < 0.0001), and no correlation for 2015 (r = 0.1504, P = 0.0653), 2016 (r = 0.0087, P = 0.9157), and 2017 (r = 0.0061, P = 0.9408). There was no significant correlation between impact factor and AAS in 2014 (r = 0.4312, P = 0.1085), 2015 (r = 0.3850, P = 0.1565), 2016 (r = 0.1460, P = 0.6035) and 2017 (r = 0.0451 P = 0.8732).
    CONCLUSIONS: AAS and traditional bibliometrics are currently not strongly correlated in orthopaedic literature. Citations take years to accumulate and AAS represents immediate influence of an article. An amalgamation of traditional bibliometrics and AAS may prove useful in determining the short- and long-term impact and influence of publications in orthopaedics.
    Keywords:  Orthopaedics; altmetric; bibliometrics; citations; impact factor
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.07.025
  2. Front Pediatr. 2021 ;9 705033
      Objectives: To review the literature related to bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely pre-mature infants, summarize research direction, and report trends. Methods: CiteSpace is a Java application which supports visual exploration with knowledge discovery in bibliographic databases. Relevant articles from 2008 to 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database, and we extracted the following data: title, abstract, year, keywords, author, organization, journal and cited literature. We downloaded the data into CiteSpace (version 5.7.R3) to summarize countries, institutions, journals, and authors. We visualized the data with a knowledge map, collaborative network analysis, cluster analysis, and burst keyword analysis. Results: We identified 610 articles on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely pre-mature infants. The United States had the most articles on this topic (302 articles), followed by Canada (49 articles) and Germany (44 articles). The top three institutions, high-yield journals, and authors were all from the United States. The most common keywords were neurodevelopmental disorders, active perinatal care, mechanical ventilation, inflammation, pulmonary hypertension, low-dose hydrocortisone, development, and patent ductus arteriosus. Conclusions: This study illustrates the trends and frontiers in the study of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely pre-mature infants. The current research direction is to identify the risk factors in developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in extremely pre-mature infants.
    Keywords:  CiteSpace; Web of Science; bibliometrics; bronchopulmonary dysplasia; extremely pre-mature infants
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.705033
  3. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2021 Sep 08. 9(9): e31097
       BACKGROUND: Smartphones have become an integral part of our lives with unprecedented popularity and a diverse selection of apps. The continuous upgrading of information technology has also enabled smartphones to display great potential in the field of health care.
    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the future research direction of mobile health (mHealth) by analyzing its research trends and latest research hotspots.
    METHODS: This study collected mHealth-related literature published between 2000 and 2020 from the Web of Science database. Descriptive statistics of publication trends of mHealth research were determined by analyzing the annual number of publications in the literature and annual number of publications by country. We constructed visualization network maps of country (or regional) collaborations and author-provided keyword co-occurrences, as well as overlay visualization maps of the average publication year of author-provided keywords to analyze the hotspots and research trends in mHealth research.
    RESULTS: In total, 12,593 mHealth-related research papers published between 2000 and 2020 were found. The results showed an exponential growth trend in the number of annual publications in mHealth literature. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, the Journal of Medical Internet Research, and JMIR Research Protocols were the 3 top journals with respect to number of publications. The United States remained the leading contributor to the literature in this area (5294/12,593, 42.0%), well ahead of other countries and regions. Other countries and regions also showed a clear trend of annual increases in the number of mHealth publications. The 4 countries with the largest number of publications-the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia-were found to cooperate more closely. The rest of the countries and regions showed a clear geographic pattern of cooperation. The keyword co-occurrence analysis of the top 100 authors demonstrated 5 clusters, namely, development of mHealth medical technology and its application to various diseases, use of mHealth technology to improve basic public health and health policy, mHealth self-health testing and management in daily life, adolescent use of mHealth, and mHealth in mental health. The research trends revealed a gradual shift in mHealth research from health policy and improving public health care to the development and social application of mHealth technologies.
    CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, the most current bibliometric analysis dates back to 2016. However, the number of mHealth research published between 2017 and 2020 exceeds the previous total. The results of this study shed light on the latest hotspots and trends in mHealth research. These findings provide a useful overview of the development of the field; they may also serve as a valuable reference and provide guidance for researchers in the digital health field.
    Keywords:  adolescent; app; bibliometric; bibliometric analysis; co-occurrence analysis; cooperation; data visualization; development; digital health; digital medicine; health policy; innovation; journalology; literature; mHealth; mental health; mobile health; paradigm; public health; research; research trends; review; self-management; smartphone; trend
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/31097
  4. Spinal Cord. 2021 Sep 08.
       STUDY DESIGN: Bibliometric review.
    OBJECTIVE: The spatial structure of the global spinal cord injury (SCI) research field has not been summarized or analyzed. The objective of this study was to understand the current status and global trends of SCI research, and provide scholars knowledge to integrate into their plans for future research.
    SETTING: Not applicable.
    METHODS: The Web of Science database was searched for articles related to SCI published between 1999 and 2019. Metrics based on publication data, including publication counts, H indices, countries, institutions, authors, and journals were extracted. Co-citation analysis, collaboration analysis, and co-occurrence analysis of keywords were conducted using CiteSpace.
    RESULTS: The search identified a total of 41,012 articles related to SCI. Overall, the number of publications increased annually. The United States was the top ranked country by publication count, H index, and citation count. Harvard University and the University of Toronto made the most contributions. M.G. Fehlings was the top ranked author. Spinal Cord published the largest number of articles, and was the most frequently cited journal. The top 5 ranked keywords that appeared most frequently were spinal cord injury, functional recovery, adult rat rehabilitation, and paraplegia. Twelve major clusters of keywords and 15 clusters of co-cited references were generated.
    CONCLUSIONS: This study comprehensively analyzed and summarized the trends in SCI research during the past 20 years. Findings should provide scholars information on the countries, institutions, authors, and journals that are active in the field of SCI research, and a knowledge base for future projects.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00691-9
  5. Front Public Health. 2021;9:9 713487
      Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which began in December 2019, has not been completely controlled; therefore, COVID-19 has received much attention from countries around the world. Many related clinical studies, such as clinical trials, have been published, but to the knowledge of the authors, there has been no bibliometric analysis of these publications focusing on clinical research studies on COVID-19. Methods: Global publications on COVID-19 from January 2020 to December 2020 were extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) collection database. The VOSviewer software and CiteSpace were employed to perform a bibliometric study. In addition, we obtained information on relevant clinical trials from the website http://clinicaltrials.gov. Results: China published most of the articles in this field and had the highest number of citations and H-index. The Journal of Medical Virology published most of the articles related to COVID-19. In terms of institutions, Huazhong University of Science and Technology had the most publications, and Wang, JW received the highest number of citations. Conclusion: The diagnosis, prevention, and prognosis of COVID-19 are still the focus of attention at present. The overall analysis of the disease were identified as the emerging topics from the perspectives of epidemiology and statistics. However, finding an effective treatment remains the focus of clinical trials.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; bibliometrics; citation frequency; clinical research; publications
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.713487
  6. World Neurosurg. 2021 Sep 06. pii: S1878-8750(21)01327-9. [Epub ahead of print]
       OBJECTIVE: The authors aimed to systematically evaluate the global research trends in robotic application on spine through bibliometric analysis and mapping knowledge domains.
    METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed on PubMed and Web of Science (WoS), including the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database. The number of publications, countries of publications, journals of publications, authors of publications, total citation, average publication year and institution sources were analyzed by Microsoft Excel, Online Analysis Platform of Bibliometrics and VOSviewer. Hotspots were analyzed and visualized based on VOSviewer.
    RESULTS: A total of 2135 publications were identified in this study. The United States ranked first in the number of publications (824, 38.63%) and the frequency of citations (29075). Northwestern University had highest number of publications (67) and Harvard university had highest number of citations (4198). Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation has published the largest number of papers (73) and the most frequently cited journal is Nature (3844 citations). Research hotspots were divided into three categories analyzed by VOSviewer: rehabilitation, basic science and surgery. According to the average publication year, the most recent hotspot was radiation exposure and the earliest hotspot was radiosurgery.
    CONCLUSIONS: The number of literatures of robotic application on spine has continued to increase. The United States is the most contributor to robotic applications on spine. The robot-assisted rehabilitation for neurological and orthopedic lesions is still a major research hotspot. The range of robotic applications on spine has expanded from assisted rehabilitation to assisted rehabilitation and surgery.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Keyword; Research hotspots; Robotic Applications; Spine
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2021.08.139
  7. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 31. pii: 9203. [Epub ahead of print]18(17):
      We conducted a review to analyze the 100 most-cited studies on binge drinking (BD) in the Web of Science (WoS) database to determine their current status and the aspects that require further attention. We carried out a retrospective bibliometric analysis in January 2021. The year of publication, authors, design, subject, journal, institution and lead author's country, as well as the definition of BD, were extracted from the articles. The data on the country, year, thematic category of the journals and their rank were obtained from the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Journal Citation Reports 2020. The number of citations was collected from the WoS, and the h index was collected from the Scopus database. The citation density and Bradford's law were calculated. The majority of the articles were empirical quantitative studies with a cross-sectional design published between 1992 and 2013 in 49 journals. There were 306 authors, mostly English-speaking and from the USA. The definitions used to describe BD are not homogeneous. The most-cited topics were the analysis of consequences, determinants and epidemiology. There is a need to unify the definitions of BD and base them on scientific evidence. The multidisciplinary nature of BD is not well reflected in each of the thematic areas discussed in this work.
    Keywords:  alcohol abuse; bibliometric analysis; binge drinking; drug use and health outcomes; literature review; top 100
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179203
  8. Neurol India. 2021 Jul-Aug;69(4):69(4): 817-825
       Background: Bibliometric analyses allow detecting citation trends within a field, including assessments of the most cited journals, countries, institutions, topics, types of study, and authors.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited papers within infectious meningitis research.
    Materials and Methods: The 100 most cited publications and their data were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science during 2019.
    Results: The New England Journal of Medicine had the greatest number of articles (27) and citations (12,266) in the top 100. Articles were mainly published after the late 1980s. Bacteria were the most discussed agents (72 articles and 26,362 citations), but Cryptococcus sp represented the most-discussed single agent (16 articles and 6,617 citations). Primary research represented 70 articles and 25,754 citations. Among them, the most discussed topic was Clinical Features and Diagnosis/Outcomes (22 articles and 8,325 citations). Among the 27 secondary research articles, the most common type of study was Narrative Review (18 articles and 5,685 citations). The United States was the country with the greatest number of articles (56) and citations (21,388). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Yale University had the greatest number of articles (six each), being CDC the most cited (3,559).
    Conclusions: The most cited articles within meningitis research are primary research studies, more frequently published in high IF journals and by North American institutions. Bacterial meningitis comprises the majority of publications. The articles were mainly published after the AIDS pandemic and after the implementation of the main vaccines for meningitis.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; infectious disease medicine; meningitis; neurology; vaccines
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.325362
  9. Clin Imaging. 2021 Sep 01. pii: S0899-7071(21)00346-6. [Epub ahead of print]80 322-328
       PURPOSE: To assess and determine the overall interdisciplinarity and impact of radiology and imaging sciences research.
    METHODS: Utilizing the Thomson Reuters Web of Science, the top 15 journals rank-ordered by impact factor in each of 10 major medical subspecialties were identified. The 2012 impact factors for these journals were noted. All articles published in these journals between 2012 and 2014 were then used to produce an index list of publications. We next generated a list of all published articles in the ensuing 5-year period that cited any publication present on our index list. These data were then used to calculate an interdisciplinarity score (DIV*) for 146 unique scientific journals. The correlation between the impact factor and the DIV* score was calculated with Kendall's τ.
    RESULTS: The quantitative measure of research interdisciplinarity, DIV*, is significantly correlated with journal impact factor (τ = 0.201, p < 0.001). Research journals within radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging ranked 5th among 10 clinical subspecialties by mean impact factor but ranked second-to-last in mean DIV*.
    CONCLUSION: The interdisciplinarity score DIV* is positively correlated with journal impact factor, demonstrating the greater impact and reach of interdisciplinary research. Further, we found radiology, nuclear medicine, and medical imaging research to have one of the lowest measures of DIV* among the 10 major clinical subspecialties. Our findings suggest and point to new opportunities and directions that can expand the breadth and impact of radiology research as well as new ways to increase our reach and audience in the clinical scientific literature.
    Keywords:  Citations; Interdisciplinarity; Journal impact factor; Radiology research; Team science
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.08.012
  10. Rheumatol Int. 2021 Sep 09.
      Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a systemic autoinflammatory disease, which presents with recurrent episodes of fever, serositis, synovial inflammation and various different clinical features. In parallel with the geographical distribution of FMF, the prevalence is notably higher in some population groups including Turks, Jews, Armenians and Arabs. The aim of this study was to assess FMF articles published between 2010 and 2019 bibliometrically and to present up-to-date data. This bibliometric research was conducted on the Scopus database. The key term ''familial Mediterranean fever'' was utilized to generate the publication list. The number of articles, active countries journals, prolific authors and citation data were determined. Visualization maps that revealed collaboration networks were also created. The number of FMF articles displayed a stable trend between 2010 and 2019 (p > 0.05). The top five countries according to the number of articles were Turkey (n = 473; 52.90%), Israel (n = 86; 9.61%), Japan (n = 39; 4.36%), Italy (n = 38; 4.25%) and the USA (n = 37; 4.13%. Italy, the USA and France were ranked as the top three countries for the average number of citations per article. Rheumatology International, Clinical Rheumatology, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Annals of Rheumatic Diseases and Pediatric Rheumatology were the top five journals according to the number of FMF articles. The geographical distribution of FMF was seen to affect the article production of countries. Although Turkey dominated the field in the number of articles, it was not at the forefront in the average number of citations. To increase the production of articles in the field of FMF, it is necessary to support researchers in countries other than those which are already strongly active.
    Keywords:  Bibliometric analysis; FMF; Familial Mediterranean fever; Publication trend; Scopus
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04988-z
  11. Front Immunol. 2021 ;12 731933
       Background: Pyroptosis is a new programmed cell death discovered in recent years. Pyroptosis plays an important role in various diseases. Nevertheless, there are few bibliometric analysis systematically studies this field. We aimed to visualize the research hotspots and trends of pyroptosis using a bibliometric analysis to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research.
    Methods: The articles and reviews regarding pyroptosis were culled from Web of Science Core Collection. Countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field were visually analyzed by using CtieSpace and VOSviewer software.
    Results: A total of 2845 articles and reviews were included. The number of articles regarding pyroptosis significantly increased yearly. These publications mainly come from 70 countries led by China and the USA and 418 institutions. We identified 605 authors, among which Thirumaladevi Kanneganti had the most significant number of articles, and Shi JJ was co-cited most often. Frontiers in immunology was the journal with the most studies, and Nature was the most commonly cited journal. After analysis, the most common keywords are nod like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome, apoptosis, cell death, gasdermin D, mechanism, caspase-1, and others are current and developing areas of study.
    Conclusion: Research on the pyroptosis is flourishing. Cooperation and exchanges between countries and institutions must be strengthened in the future. The related pathway mechanism of pyroptosis, the relationship between pyroptosis and other types of programmed cell deaths as well as the role of pyroptosis in various diseases have been the focus of current research and developmental trends in the future research.
    Keywords:  CiteSpace; GSDMD; NLRP3; VOSviewer; caspase; programmed cell death; pyroptosis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.731933
  12. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Aug 28. pii: 9101. [Epub ahead of print]18(17):
       BACKGROUND: The fields of Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) have grown with increasing numbers of disciplines and sectors contributing to their advancements, but with it, perceived conflict over methodological and disciplinary approaches to integrate health in impact assessments. This study maps the current field of HIA and health in EIA to examine the scientific landscape of the field.
    METHODS: We carried out a bibliometric analysis of HIA papers and EIA papers that included a health focus in peer-reviewed journals in the Web of Science Core Collection (n = 229). We carried out co-authorship and co-citation network analyses of authors and documents in VOSviewer.
    RESULTS: We identified two main co-authorship and co-citation groupings. Our document co-citation analysis also identified four clusters with two major groups, the Defining HIA cluster and the Describing the fields cluster versus the Active transport quantitative HIA cluster, and the Quantitative modelling tools cluster.
    CONCLUSION: Our findings strongly suggest that there exist two groups of thought in the scholarly fields of HIA and health in EIA. Barriers to developing more methodologically integrated approaches to considering health within EIA are related more to disciplinary differences than field (HIA versus EIA)-based differences and we advocate for the development of transdisciplinary approaches to both HIA and EIA.
    Keywords:  bibliometric analysis; environmental impact assessment; health impact assessment; paradigm; public health
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179101
  13. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2021 09 02. 5(9):
       INTRODUCTION: Scholarly impact has been used to measure faculty productivity and academic contribution throughout academia. Traditionally, the number of articles authored has been the primary metric for scholarly impact regarding academic promotion and reputation. We hypothesize that over time, the nature of authorship has evolved to include more authors per research article throughout the history of orthopaedic literature.
    METHODS: Bibliometric data for all original research article abstracts were extracted from PubMED for the 10 highest rated H5-index orthopaedic clinical journals ("American Journal of Sports Medicine," "Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume," "Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research "Spine," "Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy," "Journal of Arthroplasty," "Arthroscopy," "The Spine Journal," "European Spine Journal," and "Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume/Bone & Joint Journal"). The number of authors per article was then analyzed over time using the Cochran-Armitage trend test.
    RESULTS: A total of 106,529 original articles were analyzed over a 70-year period. The number of authors increased significantly over time from a mean of 1.4 authors (SD: 0.62) in 1946 to 5.7 authors (SD: 3.1) in 2019, representing an average relative increase of 4.3% per year (P < 0.05). The three oldest journals had the lowest average authors (Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Am Volume: 1946, mean 3.7 authors [SD: eight]; Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Br Volume/Bone & Joint Journal: 1948, mean: 3.6 authors [SD: 7.5]; Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research: 1963, mean 3.3 authors [SD: 2.9]). The three newest journals had the highest average authors (European Spine Journal: 1992, mean 5.3 authors [SD: 3.3]; Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy: 1993, mean 5.5 authors [SD: 6.7 authors; The Spine Journal: 2003, mean 5.2 authors [SD: 3.6]).
    DISCUSSION: Original research articles published in orthopaedic academic journals have experienced an increase in authorship over time. Although our data cannot explain what has driven this change, increasing cooperation between collaborators may represent less contribution per author over time.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00098
  14. Front Neurol. 2021 ;12 715428
      Gender disparity in the field of neurology impedes scientific advancements and innovations. In 2018, 45.0% of neurology and neurological subspecialty residents were women. Despite a notable rise in the proportion of women neurologists over the past decades, inequalities regarding publication proportions between men and women persist in the field. This cohort study examines authorship trends in articles published in 155 international neurology journals, identified as those listed in the annual Journal Citation Reports' "Clinical Neurology" section. Authors' names, authorship positions and countries of affiliation were extracted from PubMed for indexed articles published from 1946 to 2020. Gender-API (a validated and highly accurate application program interface) assigned binary genders to authors. Author gender proportions were compared across subspecialties, authorship position and years. In 303,385 unique articles, 1,663,036 total authors were identified of which 34.1% were women. Neuroradiology demonstrated the lowest proportion of women authors (21.3%), while neurogenetics displayed the highest (44.5%). In articles with multiple authors, both men and women last authors were more likely to publish with a male first author, though this was significantly more pronounced for men last authors (1.86 vs. 1.08; p < 0.001). From 2002 to 2020, women remained in the minority of last (24.6%), first (36.2%), and middle author positions (35.8%). The authorship gender distribution in neurological journals neither reflects the gender proportion of neurologists in the field overall nor in any subspecialty examined. We also find a tendency for senior and junior authors of the same gender to publish together which perpetuates authorship inequity. Further work is needed to identify underlying causes so that interventions might be developed to improve authorship diversity.
    Keywords:  authorship; disparity; equity; gender; neurology
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.715428
  15. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Sep 01. pii: 4417. [Epub ahead of print]13(17):
      This study presents a new way to investigate comprehensive trends in cancer nanotechnology research in different countries, institutions, and journals providing critical insights to prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. This paper applied the qualitative method of bibliometric analysis on cancer nanotechnology using the PubMed database during the years 2000-2021. Inspired by hybrid medical models and content-based and bibliometric features for machine learning models, our results show cancer nanotechnology studies have expanded exponentially since 2010. The highest production of articles in cancer nanotechnology is mainly from US institutions, with several countries, notably the USA, China, the UK, India, and Iran as concentrated focal points as centers of cancer nanotechnology research, especially in the last five years. The analysis shows the greatest overlap between nanotechnology and DNA, RNA, iron oxide or mesoporous silica, breast cancer, and cancer diagnosis and cancer treatment. Moreover, more than 50% of the information related to the keywords, authors, institutions, journals, and countries are considerably investigated in the form of publications from the top 100 journals. This study has the potential to provide past and current lines of research that can unmask comprehensive trends in cancer nanotechnology, key research topics, or the most productive countries and authors in the field.
    Keywords:  bibliometric measures; cancer; machine learning models; nanomaterials; nanotechnology; visualizing networks
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13174417
  16. Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2021 Sep 07.
      The aim of this bibliometric research was to identify and analyze the top 100 cited systematic reviews in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery in order to guide any professional level with interest in this topic and to map the current trends the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Using the Web of Science database without restrictions on publication year or language, a bibliometric analysis was performed for the five major journals of oral and maxillofacial surgery: International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (IJOMS), Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (JOMS), Journal of Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery (JCMS), British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (BJOMS), and Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology (Triple-O). The most top-cited systematic review was published in 2015 with a total of 200 citations on survival and success rates of dental implants, consistent with the finding that "pre- and peri-implant surgery and dental implantology," and "craniomaxillofacial deformities and cosmetic surgery" were the most frequently cited topics (22% each). The majority of top cited papers were published in IJOMS (43%), followed by JOMS (34%), Triple-O (8%), JCMS(8%) and BJOMS(7%). The highest number of contributions was from the Netherlands, followed by Italy and USA. The outcome of this article can be used as a source of information and to guide not just researchers but also clinicians and students to which areas are trending in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, thus also having a large impact on the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. However, this article cannot reflect the quality of the included systematic reviews.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Citation analysis; Meta-analysis; Oral and maxillofacial surgery; Systemic reviews
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-021-00981-9
  17. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Aug;10(8): 9136-9148
       BACKGROUND: As the aging population continues to increase worldwide, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and muscular dystrophy/sarcopenia in the elderly has escalated significantly. Cardiovascular diseases elevate the risk of muscular atrophy/sarcopenia, which results in increased disability and mortality of patients. This study analyzed the current available literature related to the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and muscular atrophy/sarcopenia in the aging population.
    METHODS: The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) database was searched for related literature published between 1900 and March 14, 2021. The subject search was performed using the search terms "muscular atrophy" and "sarcopenia". The search formula was "muscular atrophy OR sarcopenia". The search scope was limited to "cardiovascular diseases OR cardiac & cardiovascular systems". All search results and cited references were exported in plain text format and Citespace software was used to analyze the publications in terms of year of publication, country and institution, journal of publication, authors, and keywords.
    RESULTS: A total of 1,004 related research documents were obtained, with a citation frequency of 26,705 times. The top five countries for the highest number of published documents were the United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea, and Italy. The top five countries involved in research cooperation were the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, and Germany, however, overall, there was little cooperation between countries, institutions, and authors. A number of researchers from Germany published the most documents. The author with the most cited publication was Cruz-Jentoft et al. from Spain, which deserves special attention. Professional journals of in the field of geriatrics play a significant role in this research topic. Analysis of the keywords showed that current researchers are mainly concerned with the associated risk of death.
    CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between muscular atrophy/sarcopenia and cardiovascular diseases is currently a hot topic of research in geriatrics and cardiovascular disease, and further studies examining the mechanisms involved and potential prevention strategies are warranted.
    Keywords:  Muscular atrophy; bibliometrics study; cardiovascular diseases; elderly; sarcopenia
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.21037/apm-21-2144
  18. Scientometrics. 2021 Sep 03. 1-17
      Some complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are frequently criticised for being based on faith rather than scientific evidence. Despite this, researchers, academic departments, and institutes teach and investigate them. This article assesses whether the scholarship produced by four CAMs is valued by the academic community in terms of citations, and whether the level of citations received might be detrimental to academic authors' careers. Based on an analysis of acupuncture, chiropractic, homeopathy, and osteopathy journal articles indexed in Scopus 1996-2020, the results show that the prevalence of the four areas vary substantially internationally, with acupuncture eclipsing the others in East Asia but homeopathy being more common in India and Brazil. The main broad fields publishing these specialties are Medicine, Nursing, Health Professions, Veterinary Science, and Neuroscience. Whilst the research tends to be cited at a below average rate in most broad fields (n = 27) and years (1996-2017), acupuncture, chiropractic, and homeopathy are exceptions in some broad fields, including some core areas. Thus, studying these alternative medicines may not always lead to research that tends to be ignored in academia, even if many scientists disparage it. As a corollary, citation analysis cannot be relied on to give low scores to widely disparaged areas of scholarship.
    Keywords:  Acupuncture; Alternative medicine; Chiropractic; Citation analysis; Complementary medicine; Homeopathy; Osteopathy; Publication trends; Scopus
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04145-0
  19. Rheumatol Int. 2021 Sep 09.
      Behçet's disease (BD), a rare multisystemic disorder, has an unknown etiology. Interactions between genetic and environmental factors play a major role in this disorder. Human leukocyte antigen B51 allele is the strongest risk factor for the development of Behçet disease. The high prevalence of BD in the Arab world makes it necessary to undergo local research and publications, to target particular genetic, geographical, or even cultural risk factors. This study aims to assess the numerical contribution of the Arab world to research on Behçet disease. Using the PubMed platform, the number of BD-related publications from 2005 to 2019 was assessed for all 22 Arab countries, and countries having the highest prevalence of the disease. Number of publications on BD was normalized to the average population size and GDP for each Arab country. From 2005 to 2019, Arab countries published 198 articles related to BD. This accounts for 0.1% of the total number of BD-related articles published in this period (4170). A significant, positive correlation of moderate strength exists between the number of publications and the average population, while a non-significant, positive correlation of week strength exists between the number of publications and GDP. Concerning the top 15 countries according to Behçet disease prevalence, Turkey had the greatest number of articles, while the USA had the highest ratio of publications per prevalence. The high prevalence of BD in Arabic countries was faced by paradoxically low research activity in this field. Arab countries are lagging behind in the field of Behçet disease-related research, which highlights the need for improving research productivity.
    Keywords:  Arab countries; Behçet disease; Bibliometric analysis; Research productivity
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-021-04990-5
  20. J Cell Commun Signal. 2021 Sep 08.
      The recent increase of the Journal of Cell Signaling and Communication' 2020 Impact Factor to 5.782, and its growing audience in the scientific community, provides an opportunity to step back and look at different aspects of this indicator's value. The take home message is that the top-ten major contributions to the 2020 ranking originated from North America and Europe followed by India with a high percentage of CCN-related publications and an excellent proportion of Editorial Board members' contributions to the Top10 best citations for the 2018-2019 period.
    Keywords:  Citations; ICCNS; Impact factor; JCCS; Journal ranking
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12079-021-00641-3
  21. Oncotarget. 2021 Aug 31. 12(18): 1780-1786
       PURPOSE: Journal impact factor (IF) is often used to measure research quality and importance. We assessed trial factors associated with the publication of cancer trials in journals with higher IF and publications receiving higher citations.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cancer-specific phase III RCTs were screened through https://clinicaltrials.gov. We identified trials with published primary endpoints, along with their corresponding journal IF and relative citation ratio (RCR).
    RESULTS: Seven-hundred ninety manuscripts were included in our study. Trials that met their primary endpoint were more commonly published in journals with higher IF (Median IF: positive trials 35.4 vs. negative trials 26.3, P < 0.001). Furthermore, trials that led to subsequent FDA drug approvals were also published in journals with higher IF (Median IF: 59.1 vs. 26.3 in trials not leading to FDA approvals, P < 0.001). When analyzing RCR, trial positivity (meeting primary endpoint) was not associated with increased citations on multivariable analysis (P = 0.56). Lastly, publications of trials leading to FDA approvals (P < 0.001), and publications of trials in journals with higher IF (P < 0.001) were associated with increased RCR.
    CONCLUSIONS: Positive trials are commonly published in journals with high IF, but do not necessarily lead to increased citations. Moreover, trials published in journals with higher IF are more likely to receive increased citations.
    Keywords:  FDA; clinical trials; industry; journal impact factor; oncology
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.28044
  22. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep 09.
      Bibliometric analysis was used in this study for the quantitative evaluation of current research trends on composting. The research articles indexed from the Science Citation Index-Expanded in Web of Science database published from 2000 to 2019 were investigated. The USA, China and Spain were the top three countries considering the number of papers. Amongst the research institutes, CSIC of Spain, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada ranked the top three in total publication amount. Journals that published a significant number of literature regarding topics of composting included Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Agriculture and Engineering. In terms of research content, keywords such as heavy metal, heavy metal and biodegradation appeared frequently. In addition, the analysis of keywords revealed the following research hotspots in future studies: investigation of heavy metal passivator, optimisation of composting conditioner, development of all kinds of microorganisms, rational management of the composting process and improvement of solid waste life cycle assessment. To some extent, it helps to understand the current global status and trends of the related research.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Composting; Research trends; Solid waste
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16377-x
  23. JSLS. 2021 Jul-Sep;25(3):pii: e2021.00010. [Epub ahead of print]25(3):
      Evaluating the quality of a scientific article has proven to be an elusive task. The most widely used bibliometric value currently used for this purpose, the journal impact factor, was not originally designed to determine the quality of research in a scientific article. Nevertheless, it has morphed into a surrogate to delineate the quality of a journal and even to represent the quality of individual articles in that that journal. Early 21st century advances in computer technology have seen an explosive revolution in scientific publication that have included open access, online publication, and world-wide accessibility to these publications. These developments have made it obvious that more sophisticated tools are required to delimit the quality of material present in the scientific literature. Usage data, which is measured as the number of full-text downloads of a specific article, is just one new method to evaluate the source of the vast material available that can be leveraged to more fully evaluate the merit of scientific literature.
    Keywords:  Altmetrics; Impact Factor; Literature Evaluation Metrics; Usage Metrics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4293/JSLS.2021.00010
  24. Proc Biol Sci. 2021 Sep 08. 288(1958): 20210219
      Collaboration and diversity are increasingly promoted in science. Yet how collaborations influence academic career progression, and whether this differs by gender, remains largely unknown. Here, we use co-authorship ego networks to quantify collaboration behaviour and career progression of a cohort of contributors to biennial International Society of Behavioral Ecology meetings (1992, 1994, 1996). Among this cohort, women were slower and less likely to become a principal investigator (PI; approximated by having at least three last-author publications) and published fewer papers over fewer years (i.e. had shorter academic careers) than men. After adjusting for publication number, women also had fewer collaborators (lower adjusted network size) and published fewer times with each co-author (lower adjusted tie strength), albeit more often with the same group of collaborators (higher adjusted clustering coefficient). Authors with stronger networks were more likely to become a PI, and those with less clustered networks did so more quickly. Women, however, showed a stronger positive relationship with adjusted network size (increased career length) and adjusted tie strength (increased likelihood to become a PI). Finally, early-career network characteristics correlated with career length. Our results suggest that large and varied collaboration networks are positively correlated with career progression, especially for women.
    Keywords:  academic survival; bibliometrics; collaboration networks; gender gap; sociality
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.0219
  25. Int J Med Inform. 2021 Aug 18. pii: S1386-5056(21)00184-2. [Epub ahead of print]154 104558
       BACKGROUND: The rapid growth of inherently complex and heterogeneous data in HIV/AIDS research underscores the importance of Big Data Science. Recently, there have been increasing uptakes of Big Data techniques in basic, clinical, and public health fields of HIV/AIDS research. However, no studies have systematically elaborated on the evolving applications of Big Data in HIV/AIDS research. We sought to explore the emergence and evolution of Big Data Science in HIV/AIDS-related publications that were funded by the US federal agencies.
    METHODS: We identified HIV/AIDS and Big Data related publications that were funded by seven federal agencies from 2000 to 2019 by integrating data from National Institutes of Health (NIH) ExPORTER, MEDLINE, and MeSH. Building on bibliometrics and Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods, we constructed co-occurrence networks using bibliographic metadata (e.g., countries, institutes, MeSH terms, and keywords) of the retrieved publications. We then detected clusters among the networks as well as the temporal dynamics of clusters, followed by expert evaluation and clinical implications.
    RESULTS: We harnessed nearly 600 thousand publications related to HIV/AIDS, of which 19,528 publications relating to Big Data were included in bibliometric analysis. Results showed that (1) the number of Big Data publications has been increasing since 2000, (2) US institutes have been in close collaborations with China, Canada, and Germany, (3) some institutes (e.g., University of California system, MD Anderson Cancer Center, and Harvard Medical School) are among the most productive institutes and started using Big Data in HIV/AIDS research early, (4) Big Data research was not active in public health disciplines until 2015, (5) research topics such as genomics, HIV comorbidities, population-based studies, Electronic Health Records (EHR), social media, precision medicine, and methodologies such as machine learning, Deep Learning, radiomics, and data mining emerge quickly in recent years.
    CONCLUSIONS: We identified a rapid growth in the cross-disciplinary research of HIV/AIDS and Big Data over the past two decades. Our findings demonstrated patterns and trends of prevailing research topics and Big Data applications in HIV/AIDS research and suggested a number of fast-evolving areas of Big Data Science in HIV/AIDS research including secondary analysis of EHR, machine learning, Deep Learning, predictive analysis, and NLP.
    Keywords:  AIDS; Bibliometrics; Big data; Data mining; Electronic health records; HIV; PLWH
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104558
  26. J Trauma Nurs. 2021 Sep-Oct 01;28(5):28(5): 316-322
       BACKGROUND: The Pediatric Trauma Society (PTS) is a multidisciplinary organization, with scientific presentations at its annual meeting addressing trauma care from prehospital through rehabilitation.
    OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the scholarly areas of focus of presentations at the annual meeting over the society's first 5 years and evaluate research dissemination.
    METHODS: Data were collected on abstracts presented between 2014 and 2018, including titles, authors, and abstract classification. PubMed and Google Scholar searches identified abstracts that resulted in publications. Journal impact factors were identified.
    RESULTS: Over 5 years, 491 of 635 (77.3%) abstracts were accepted. The number of submitted and accepted abstracts increased, but the acceptance rate was stable (range = 72.1%-81.2%, p = NS [nonsignificant]). The most frequently accepted categories included "Epidemiology," "Abdominal or Thoracic Trauma," and "Neurosurgery or Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)," whereas "Trauma Nursing" and "Quality Improvement" were less common. Among the 2014-2016 abstracts, 55.4% of podium and 24.3% of poster presentations were published. Abstracts categorized as "Epidemiology," "Education & Injury Prevention," and "Neurosurgery or TBI" were commonly presented but uncommonly published. The median journal impact factor of publications was 2.1 and 2.0 for podium and poster presentations, respectively (ranging from 0.11 to 10.25).
    CONCLUSION: Most of the scholarly effort presented at the PTS remains unpublished. Published work is mainly in low-impact factor journals. Mentorship in the publication process and encouragement of multidisciplinary collaboration within the society are needed to address limitations in the number and potential impact of the scientific content of the annual meeting. This type of analysis is relevant not only to the PTS but also to any professional society seeking to improve its impact.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/JTN.0000000000000605
  27. Dig Dis Sci. 2021 Sep 09.
       BACKGROUND: Publications are an important component of academic careers.
    AIMS: We investigated the financial costs to authors for submitting and publishing manuscripts in gastroenterology (GI) journals in the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), and elsewhere.
    METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study carried out from 11/1/2020 to 12/31/2020. We used the SCImago Journal and Country Rankings site to compile a list of gastroenterology and hepatology journals to analyze. We gathered information on the journals' Hirsch indices (h indices), SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), Impact Factor (IF), and base countries as of 2019, processing and publication fees, open access fees, time to first decision, and time from acceptance to publication. We used t-testing and linear regression modeling to evaluate the effect of geography and journal quality metrics on processing fees and times.
    RESULTS: We analyzed 97 GI journals, of which 51/97 (52.6%) were based in the US/UK while the other 46/97 (47.4%) were based elsewhere. The mean IF (5.67 vs 3.53, p = 0.08), h index (90.5 vs 41.8, p < 0.001), and SJR (1.82 vs 0.83, p < 0.001) for the US/UK journals were higher than those for non-US/UK journals. We also found that 11/51 (21.6%) of US/UK journals and 15/46 (32.6%) of non-US/UK journals had mandatory processing and publication fees. These tended to be significantly larger in the US/UK group than in the non-US/UK group (USD 2380 vs USD 1470, p = 0.04).
    CONCLUSIONS: Publication-related fees may preclude authors from smaller or socioeconomically disadvantaged institutions and countries from publishing and disseminating their work.
    Keywords:  Author fees; Gastroenterology journals; Publication costs
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-021-07247-0
  28. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 06. pii: 9396. [Epub ahead of print]18(17):
      "Ensure access to water for all", states Goal 6 of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals. This worldwide challenge requires identifying the best water disinfection method for each scenario. Traditional methods have limitations, which include low effectiveness towards certain pathogens and the formation of disinfection byproducts. Solar-driven methods, such as solar water disinfection (SODIS) or solar photocatalysis, are novel, effective, and financially and environmentally sustainable alternatives. We have conducted a critical study of publications in the field of water disinfection using solar energy and, hereby, present the first bibliometric analysis of scientific literature from Elsevier's Scopus database within the last 20 years. Results show that in this area of growing interest USA, Spain, and China are the most productive countries in terms of publishing, yet Europe hosts the most highly recognized research groups, i.e., Spain, Switzerland, Ireland, and UK. We have also reviewed the journals in which researchers mostly publish and, using a systematic approach to determine the actual research trends and gaps, we have analyzed the capacity of these publications to answer key research questions, pinpointing six clusters of keywords in relation to the main research challenges, open areas, and new applications that lie ahead. Most publications focused on SODIS and photocatalytic nanomaterials, while a limited number focused on ensuring adequate water disinfection levels, testing regulated microbial indicators and emerging pathogens, and real-world applications, which include complex matrices, large scale processes, and exhaustive cost evaluation.
    Keywords:  disinfection; inactivation; pathogens; photocatalysis; solar; water recycling
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179396
  29. Front Pharmacol. 2021 ;12 670900
      The programmed death receptor 1 (PD1) and its ligand programmed death receptor ligand 1 (PDL1) are the most widely used immune checkpoints in cancer immunotherapy. The related literature shows the explosive growth trends due to the promising outcomes of tumor regression. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the literature on anti-PD1/PDL1 from three perspectives including molecular mechanisms, randomized clinical trials (RCT), and meta-analysis, thus producing a knowledge map reflecting the status of the research, its historical evolution, and developmental trends in related research from 2000 to 2020. We included 11,971, 191, and 335 documents from the Web of Science Core Collection database, respectively, and adopted various bibliometric methods and techniques thereto. The study revealed the major research themes and emergent hotspots based on literature and citation data and outlined the top contributors in terms of journals and countries. The co-occurrence overlay of keywords and terms pertaining to the PD1/PDL1 molecule reflected the progress from the discovery of the PD1/PDL1 molecule to the clinical application of anti-PD1/PDL1. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) formed a unique cluster in the term co-occurrence analysis of meta-analysis. The historical direct citation network of RCT indicated the development and transformation of cancers and therapy strategies. irAEs and the strategies of combination therapy might become a future focus of research in this cognate area. In summary, the bibliometric study provides a general overview of the landscape on anti-PD1/PDL1 research, allowing researchers to identify the potential opportunities and challenges therein.
    Keywords:  PD1/PDL1; bibliometrics; immune checkpoint blockade; meta-analysis; randomized clinical trials
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.670900
  30. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Sep 09. 23(9): e21974
       BACKGROUND: Consumer health informatics (CHI) originated in the 1990s. With the rapid development of computer and information technology for health decision making, an increasing number of consumers have obtained health-related information through the internet, and CHI has also attracted the attention of an increasing number of scholars.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the research themes and evolution characteristics of different study periods and to discuss the dynamic evolution path and research theme rules in a time-series framework from the perspective of a strategy map and a data flow in CHI.
    METHODS: The Web of Science core collection database of the Institute for Scientific Information was used as the data source to retrieve relevant articles in the field of CHI. SciMAT was used to preprocess the literature data and construct the overlapping map, evolution map, strategic diagram, and cluster network characterized by keywords. Besides, a bibliometric analysis of the general characteristics, the evolutionary characteristics of the theme, and the evolutionary path of the theme was conducted.
    RESULTS: A total of 986 articles were obtained after the retrieval, and 931 articles met the document-type requirement. In the past 21 years, the number of articles increased every year, with a remarkable growth after 2015. The research content in 4 different study periods formed the following 38 themes: patient education, medicine, needs, and bibliographic database in the 1999-2003 study period; world wide web, patient education, eHealth, patients, medication, terminology, behavior, technology, and disease in the 2004-2008 study period; websites, information seeking, physicians, attitudes, technology, risk, food labeling, patient, strategies, patient education, and eHealth in the 2009-2014 study period; and electronic medical records, health information seeking, attitudes, health communication, breast cancer, health literacy, technology, natural language processing, user-centered design, pharmacy, academic libraries, costs, internet utilization, and online health information in the 2015-2019 study period. Besides, these themes formed 10 evolution paths in 3 research directions: patient education and intervention, consumer demand attitude and behavior, and internet information technology application.
    CONCLUSIONS: Averaging 93 publications every year since 2015, CHI research is in a rapid growth period. The research themes mainly focus on patient education, health information needs, health information search behavior, health behavior intervention, health literacy, health information technology, eHealth, and other aspects. Patient education and intervention research, consumer demand, attitude, and behavior research comprise the main theme evolution path, whose evolution process has been relatively stable. This evolution path will continue to become the research hotspot in this field. Research on the internet and information technology application is a secondary theme evolution path with development potential.
    Keywords:  SciMAT; co-word analysis; consumer health informatics; consumer health information; informatics; thematic evaluation
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2196/21974
  31. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2021 ;pii: S0001-37652021000701806. [Epub ahead of print]93(4): e29290261
      Public universities, and science in general, in Brazil, are under attack from key persons of the government in interviews and articles published in non-scientific journals. Here we look at bibliography data from international science metric platforms (Scival® and Incites®) and official Brazilian agencies such as CAPES and CNPq to reach some conclusions based on scientific analysis. Brazilian Science has shown a steady improvement in quantity and quality over the last 20 years but has recently suffered (since 2015) under severe financial restrictions. An increase in international collaboration also increased citation impact, reaching almost five times the world average. While the medical and natural sciences show the highest impact and prominence, social sciences and the humanities also have spotlight areas with international excellence. Different research institutions and universities offer a variety of production profiles and impacts. This diagnosis shows the need for universities and research institutes in Brazil and funding agencies to undergo strategic planning for definition of mission/vision, goals to be reached, and areas for priority development. Continued support of public universities by the government is necessary for Brazilian autonomy in science and technology and its full integration in the world scientific community.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200261
  32. PLoS One. 2021 ;16(9): e0257141
      The pursuit of simple, yet fair, unbiased, and objective measures of researcher performance has occupied bibliometricians and the research community as a whole for decades. However, despite the diversity of available metrics, most are either complex to calculate or not readily applied in the most common assessment exercises (e.g., grant assessment, job applications). The ubiquity of metrics like the h-index (h papers with at least h citations) and its time-corrected variant, the m-quotient (h-index ÷ number of years publishing) therefore reflect the ease of use rather than their capacity to differentiate researchers fairly among disciplines, career stage, or gender. We address this problem here by defining an easily calculated index based on publicly available citation data (Google Scholar) that corrects for most biases and allows assessors to compare researchers at any stage of their career and from any discipline on the same scale. Our ε'-index violates fewer statistical assumptions relative to other metrics when comparing groups of researchers, and can be easily modified to remove inherent gender biases in citation data. We demonstrate the utility of the ε'-index using a sample of 480 researchers with Google Scholar profiles, stratified evenly into eight disciplines (archaeology, chemistry, ecology, evolution and development, geology, microbiology, ophthalmology, palaeontology), three career stages (early, mid-, late-career), and two genders. We advocate the use of the ε'-index whenever assessors must compare research performance among researchers of different backgrounds, but emphasize that no single index should be used exclusively to rank researcher capability.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257141
  33. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Sep 01. 4(9): e2123026
       Importance: Women remain underrepresented among editors of scientific journals, particularly in senior positions. However, to what extent this applies to medical journals of different specialties remains unclear.
    Objective: To investigate the gender distribution of the editors in chief at leading medical journals.
    Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross-sectional study of the editors in chief at the top 10 international medical journals of 41 categories related to the medical specialties of the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science Journal Citation Reports in 2019.
    Main Outcomes and Measures: Proportion of women as editors in chief.
    Results: This study found that, overall, women represented 21% (94 of 44) of the editors in chief, with wide variation across medical specialties from 0% to 82%. There were 5 categories for which none of the editors in chief were women (dentistry, oral surgery and medicine; allergy; psychiatry; anesthesiology; and ophthalmology) and only 3 categories for which women outnumbered men as editors in chief (primary health care, microbiology, and genetics and heredity). In 27 of the 41 categories, women represented less than a third of the editors in chief (eg, 1 of 10 for critical care medicine, 2 of 10 for gastroenterology and hepatology, and 3 of 10 for endocrinology and metabolism).
    Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that women are underrepresented among editors in chief of leading medical journals. For the benefit of medical research, a joint effort from editorial boards, publishers, authors, and academic institutions is required to address this gender gap.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.23026
  34. Arthroscopy. 2021 Sep;pii: S0749-8063(21)00644-7. [Epub ahead of print]37(9): 2728-2729
      
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2021.07.004
  35. Quant Sci Stud. 2021 ;2(2): 433-437
      Open citation data can improve the transparency and robustness of scientific portfolio analysis, improve science policy decision-making, stimulate downstream commercial activity, and increase the discoverability of scientific articles. Once sparsely populated, public-domain citation databases crossed a threshold of one billion citations in February 2021. Shortly thereafter, the threshold of one billion public-domain citations from the Crossref database alone. Since the relative advantage of withholding data in closed databases has diminished with the flood of public-domain data, this likely constitutes an irreversible change in the citation data ecosystem. The successes of this movement can guide future open data efforts.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_c_00138
  36. Ann Surg. 2021 Oct 01. 274(4): 549-555
       OBJECTIVE: To assess contemporary trends in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Career Development (K) Awards within the Departments of Surgery and its impact on the likelihood of achieving independent R01 grants.
    BACKGROUND: The NIH provides K-type Career Development Awards to nurture young clinicians toward a productive academic career, thereby maintaining a pipeline of physician-scientists. However, the impact of K awards on career trajectory of surgeons remains unclear.
    METHODS: The NIH grant data was queried for all new K08/K23 grants awarded to Departments of Surgery (1999-2019). Principal Investigators' data and grant-related information was obtained.
    RESULTS: The NIH awarded 298 K08/23 surgical grants ($41,893,170) over the last 2 decades. Median budget increased from $116,370 to $167,508 (P<0.001). Of grantees, 83.2% were MDs, 15.1% MD/PhD, and 1.7% PhDs, with 25.2% being women. Principal Investigators' were mostly practicing surgeons (91.1%) with fellowship training (82.4%) and young in their careers {4 [interquartile ranges (IQR) 4] years of experience}. Vascular surgery (15.9%), Complex General Surgical Oncology (15.1%), and Trauma/Critical Care (14.6%) were the most frequent specialties. Awards were associated with 3,336 publications [median 8/project (IQR 13)]. The majority of K grantees (77.2%) currently hold an academic faculty position. Only 32.2% of awardees received independent R01 grant funding, at a median of 5.5 years (IQR 5) after their K awards. Sex (P = 0.71), previous fellowship training (P = 0.63), type of surgical specialty (P = 0.72), or MD/PhD degree (P = 0.75) were not associated with increased likelihood of achieving a subsequent R01 award.
    CONCLUSION: Although the majority of K awardees maintain an academic career, only a limited number of grantees progress to obtain NIH R01 funding. Increased mentorship, financial support, and infrastructure are needed to facilitate career development awardees opportunities to enhance their ability to achieve independent funding.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000005066
  37. BMJ Open. 2021 Sep 06. 11(9): e048581
       OBJECTIVE: We assessed the extent of lag times in the publication and indexing of network meta-analyses (NMAs).
    STUDY DESIGN: This was a survey of published NMAs on drug interventions.
    SETTING: NMAs indexed in PubMed (searches updated in May 2020).
    PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Lag times were measured as the time between the last systematic search and the article submission, acceptance, online publication, indexing and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) allocation dates. Time-to-event analyses were performed considering independent variables (geographical origin, Journal Impact Factor, Scopus CiteScore, open access status) (SPSS V.24, R/RStudio).
    RESULTS: We included 1245 NMAs. The median time from last search to article submission was 6.8 months (204 days (IQR 95-381)), and to publication was 11.6 months. Only 5% of authors updated their search after first submission. There is a very slightly decreasing historical trend of acceptance (rho=-0.087; p=0.010), online publication (rho=-0.080; p=0.008) and indexing (rho=-0.080; p=0.007) lag times. Journal Impact Factor influenced the MeSH allocation process, but not the other lag times. The comparison between open access versus subscription journals confirmed meaningless differences in acceptance, online publication and indexing lag times.
    CONCLUSION: Efforts by authors to update their search before submission are needed to reduce evidence production time. Peer reviewers and editors should ensure authors' compliance with NMA standards. The accuracy of these findings depends on the accuracy of the metadata used; as we evaluated only NMA on drug interventions, results may not be generalisable to all types of studies.
    Keywords:  clinical pharmacology; journalism (see medical journalism); medical journalism; statistics & research methods
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048581
  38. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021 Sep 07. 1945998211041933
       OBJECTIVE: To assess the high-volume 2020 COVID-19-related surgical literature, with special attention to otolaryngology articles in regard to content, level of evidence, citations, and public attention.
    STUDY DESIGN: A scoping literature review was performed with PubMed and Web of Science, including articles pertaining to COVID-19 and surgical specialties (March 20-May 19, 2020) or otolaryngologic subspecialties (March 20-December 31, 2020).
    SETTING: Scoping literature review.
    METHODS: Otolaryngology-specific COVID-19-related articles were reviewed for publication date, county of origin, subspecialty, content, level of evidence, and Altmetric Attention Score (a weighted approximation of online attention received). Data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients, analysis of variance, independent t tests, and univariable and logistic regressions.
    RESULTS: This review included 773 early COVID-19 surgical articles and 907 otolaryngology-specific COVID-19-related articles from 2020. Otolaryngology was the most represented surgical specialty within the early COVID-19-related surgical literature (30.4%). The otolaryngology-specific COVID-19 surgical literature responsively reflects the unique concerns within each otolaryngologic subspecialty. Although this literature was largely based on expert opinion (64.5%), articles with stronger levels of evidence received significantly more citations (on Web of Science and Google Scholar, P < .001 for both) and public attention (according to Altmetric Attention Scores, P < .001).
    CONCLUSION: Despite concerns of a surge in underrefereed publications during the COVID-19 pandemic, our review of the surgical literature offers some degree of reassurance. Specifically, the COVID-19 otolaryngology literature responsively reflects the unique concerns and needs of the field, and more scholarly citations and greater online attention have been given to articles offering stronger levels of scientific evidence.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; academic literature; academic surgery; pandemic; paperdemic; peer review; publications
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1177/01945998211041933
  39. Theor Appl Climatol. 2021 Sep 03. 1-20
      Research on heat waves (periods of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity) is a newly emerging research topic within the field of climate change research with high relevance for the whole of society. In this study, we analyzed the rapidly growing scientific literature dealing with heat waves. No summarizing overview has been published on this literature hitherto. We developed a suitable search query to retrieve the relevant literature covered by the Web of Science (WoS) as complete as possible and to exclude irrelevant literature (n = 8,011 papers). The time evolution of the publications shows that research dealing with heat waves is a highly dynamic research topic, doubling within about 5 years. An analysis of the thematic content reveals the most severe heat wave events within the recent decades (1995 and 2003), the cities and countries/regions affected (USA, Europe, and Australia), and the ecological and medical impacts (drought, urban heat islands, excess hospital admissions, and mortality). An alarming finding is that the limit for survivability may be reached at the end of the twenty-first century in many regions of the world due to the fatal combination of rising temperatures and humidity levels measured as "wet-bulb temperature" (WBT). Risk estimation and future strategies for adaptation to hot weather are major political issues. We identified 104 citation classics, which include fundamental early works of research on heat waves and more recent works (which are characterized by a relatively strong connection to climate change).
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03758-y
  40. Front Mol Biosci. 2021 ;8 683389
      Inflammation is considered one of the possible mechanisms behind long-term cognitive dysfunction persistent after chemotherapy treatment. The chemotherapy combination of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) was one of the older methods of treating breast cancer patients. Decades later, these patients still report experiencing cognitive side effects. In this present bibliometric review, we applied the VOSviewer tool to describe the existing landscape on literature concerning inflammation as it relates to CMF and cognitive dysfunctions. As time progressed, we saw an increase in interest in the topic. By the mid-2010s there were approximately 1,000 publications per year. Terms related to the brain and CNS did not appear until the later years, and terms related to inflammation and breast cancer were very prevalent throughout the three decades. Also, in more recent years, inflammatory markers and plant-derived compounds used to alleviate side effects of the inflammatory response appeared in the search results. The USA remained the most prolific producer of CMF-, inflammation-, and cognitive dysfunction-related papers throughout the three decades followed by Asia and Europe. As research of cognitive dysfunction caused by inflammation due to chemotherapy treatment progresses, more opportunities emerge for therapeutic methods to improve the quality of life for long-term survivors.
    Keywords:  brain; cyclophosphamide; fluorouracil; inflammation; methotrexate
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.683389
  41. Orbit. 2021 Sep 08. 1-4
       PURPOSE: The editorship of medical journals is a leadership role that can affect recognition and career advancement. We determine the gender representation of the editorial boards of oculoplastic surgery journals in comparison to the proportion of women in oculoplastics societies.
    METHODS: The gender composition of the American, European and Asia-Pacific societies of oculoplastic and reconstructive surgery and the editorial boards of their respective society journals were determined with online searches in March 2021. Statistical tests for the equality of proportions were performed.
    RESULTS: Excluding 44 individuals with missing gender data, the three combined oculoplastics societies comprised 1,230 distinct members, with 29% women. The editorial review boards of the three official society publications comprised 59 medical editors, 22% of which were women. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of women editors versus women OPRS members (p = .201) but the study is underpowered to detect a 7% difference. A sensitivity analysis with the missing data did not alter the conclusions. The mean h-index/m-quotient of the women editors was 20.50/0.87 and for the men 21.05/0.84, with no statistically significant difference (p = .903/0.851).
    CONCLUSION: Women are underrepresented on the editorial boards of oculoplastic journals. Possible methods to improve gender balance include multicriteria objective decision-making criteria for editor nominations, mentoring peer reviewers that are women, and appointing a journal editor for equity, diversity and inclusion.
    Keywords:  Academic medicine; gender equity; gender inequality; oculoplastic
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/01676830.2021.1975771
  42. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2021 Sep 10. pii: 00. [Epub ahead of print]5(9):
       INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of students matching in orthopaedic surgery after a structured, early-exposure mentored research program and what factors were associated with those students compared with participants who matched in other specialties.
    METHODS: Program data were reviewed from 2007 to 2015. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate student and research factors associated with orthopaedic surgery match.
    RESULTS: Of 174 students, 117 (67%) matched into surgical residency programs, with 49% (n = 85) matching into orthopaedic surgery. The percentage of women matching into orthopaedic surgery (37%) was less than that of men (53%), which, however, increased over the study period. Students who matched in orthopaedic surgery had greater numbers of publications (3.55 [range 0 to 17] average publications) compared with students who matched in other specialties (1.98 (range 0 to 11) average publications). The average number of publications per student increased from 0.79 (±1.44, range 0 to 10, 40%) preprogram to 1.95 (±2.28, range 0 to 11, 71%) postprogram. Measured factors associated with orthopaedic surgery match were publications with program mentor, postprogram first authorship, and total publications.
    DISCUSSION: Approximately half of the participants matched into orthopaedic surgery. Analysis showed that research productivity increased after program participation and was statistically associated with increased likelihood of orthopaedic surgery match.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-21-00113
  43. J Comp Eff Res. 2021 Sep 10.
      Aim: To describe the efficacy of clinical research coordinators (CRCs) in terms of research output among faculty, residents and medical students. Materials & methods: We analyzed and reviewed departmental research output from the 3 years prior to the hire of 3 CRCs compared with the 3 years following. Results: From 2014 to 2016, the department output was a total of 27 peer-reviewed publications, 16 oral presentations and 33 poster presentations. From 2017-2019 there was a 52% increase in publications (n = 41), 131% increase in oral presentations (n = 37) and a 61% increase in poster presentations (n = 53). Conclusion: The implementation of CRCs has markedly increased tangible research output and trainee involvement. This role may serve as a valuable model for other academic departments.
    Keywords:  guideline development; research coordinator; research output; resident
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2217/cer-2021-0020
  44. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021 Sep 02.
       ABSTRACT: Conferences are important platforms for sharing research, but full-text publication is necessary for broader dissemination and impact. Few studies have examined the abstract-to-publication rate for Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation (PM&R). This study aimed to determine the abstract-to-publication rate of research abstracts presented from 2009-2018 at the Canadian Association of PM&R (CAPM&R) Annual Scientific Meetings. Using the official book of abstracts from 2009-2018, year of conference, abstract title, author names, and the affiliation/level of training of the first author were extracted. Systematic searches of abstract keywords, authors' names, and the abstract title were performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to determine whether an abstract proceeded to full text publication; if so, the date and journal of publication were extracted. Of the 524 total abstracts presented at CAPM&R from 2009 to 2018, 187 went on to full text publication for an abstract-to-publication rate of 35.8%. The mean time to full-text publication was 23.4 ± 8.63 months. The abstract-to-publication rate was 18.6% for medical students, 28.7% for residents, 41.1% for PM&R consultants, and 49.4% for non-physician presenters. This study highlights that low abstract to publication rates for novel research presented at CAPM&R disproportionately affects trainees. Further research is needed to identify and remedy barriers to publication.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0000000000001873
  45. Jpn J Nurs Sci. 2021 Sep 08. e12454
       AIM: To investigate how nursing faculties' perceived time devoted to research changed during the first wave of the pandemic in Japan (April-June 2020) compared to pre-pandemic.
    METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted online from July 1 to August 10, 2020 and involved 1,023 nursing faculties in Japan. Participants were asked to respond to a questionnaire based on their experiences from April to June 2020. We calculated descriptive statistics for several measures and examined associations between professional/personal demographic factors and declines in overall research time.
    RESULTS: Of the 1,023 participants, 71.1% were spending less time on overall research activity; 79.6% spent less time attending academic events/conferences, and 77.4% spent less time conducting experiments/surveys. In contrast, 81.2% spent more time teaching, a much greater proportion than the global scientific community in a previous survey. As for work time allocation during the pandemic, teaching was by far the one activity that participants spent the most time on. Logistic regression analysis revealed that declines in overall research time were associated with several professional demographic factors, such as type of university, current academic position, and acquisition status of Japan's major research grant (KAKENHI) (all p < .05).
    CONCLUSIONS: Nursing faculties in Japan clearly spent less time on research, and more time on teaching during the first wave of the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic. The initial impact of the pandemic on nursing faculties revealed through this study is an eye-opener and a start for addressing the long-term impact on the nursing scientific community.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; Japan; cross-sectional studies; faculty; nursing; universities
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12454
  46. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 03. pii: 9309. [Epub ahead of print]18(17):
      Outreach programs are considered a key strategy for providing services to underserved populations and play a central role in delivering health-care services. To address this challenge, knowledge relevant to global health outreach programs has recently been expanded. The aims of this study were to analyze the knowledge structure and understand the trends in aspects over time and across regions using text network analysis with NetMiner 4.0. Data analysis by frequency, time and region showed that the central keywords such as patient, care, service and community were found to be highly related to the area, target population, purpose and type of services within the knowledge structure of outreach. As a result of performing topic modeling, knowledge structure in this area consisted of five topics: patient-centered care, HIV care continuum, services related to a specific disease, community-based health-care services and research and education on health programs. Our results newly identified that patient-centered care, specific disease and population have been growing more crucial for all times and countries by the examination of major trends in health-care related outreach research. These findings help health professionals, researchers and policymakers in nursing and public health fields in understanding and developing health-care-related outreach practices and suggest future research direction.
    Keywords:  outreach; public health care; semantics; text network analysis; topic modeling
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179309