bims-evares Biomed News
on Evaluation of research
Issue of 2020–12–13
39 papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society



  1. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Dec 04. 99(49): e23208
       OBJECTIVES: Recent years have witnessed some controversial viewpoints in clinical and basic research, which exert a great influence on the research trend of acute pancreatitis (AP). We aimed to analyze the literature on AP by metrology, co-occurrence, co-citation, and visualization, and to explore the research status and trend in this field in the past 5 years.
    METHODS: The relevant literature collected in Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2015 to 2019 was searched using "acute pancreatitis" as the title word, and the co-occurrence analysis of authors, institutions, countries, and keywords was carried out by using CiteSpace V. On this basis, the keywords were clustered and analyzed by using VOSviewer 1.6.8 and Carrot 2 software, and a visual map was drawn.
    RESULTS: A total of 2035 articles were included, with an average annual volume of more than 400. The high-yield authors were mainly Chinese, among which Li WQ was the most prominent. Most of these articles were from universities and institutions of high-yielding countries including China, the United States, and India. The main sources of journals were professional journals, among which Pancreas and Pancreatology have the most literature collection volume (both over 100), including clinical and basic research. Among the funds, the National Natural Science Foundation of China and NIH were the main 2 sponsors. Disciplinary attributes involved multiple subjects such as gastroenterology, internal medicine, and surgery. Keyword co-occurrence and clustering results showed that the classification, mortality, and risk factors of AP were still more concerned, and the research trend of this disease was the molecular mechanism of the severity of AP.
    CONCLUSIONS: CiteSpace can be used to analyze the knowledge graph of AP, to show its development status initially and intuitively, and to provide a reference for topic content and its further development.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000023208
  2. Materials (Basel). 2020 Dec 04. pii: E5534. [Epub ahead of print]13(23):
       BACKGROUND: The clinical use of zirconia implants has been shown to increase steadily due to their biological, aesthetic, and physical properties; therefore, this bibliometric study aimed to review the clinical research and co-authors in the field of zirconia dental implant rehabilitation.
    METHODS: We searched Scopus and Web of Science databases using a comprehensive search strategy to 5 October 2020, and independently paired reviewers who screened studies, and collected data with inclusion criteria restricted to clinical research only (either prospective or retrospective). Data on article title, co-authors, number of citations received, journal details, publication year, country and institution involved, funding, study design, marginal bone loss, survival rate, failure, follow-up, and the author's bibliometric data were collected and evaluated.
    RESULTS: A total of 29 clinical studies were published between 2008 and 2020 as 41.4% were prospective cohort studies and 48.3% originated from Germany. Most of the included studies had been published in Clinical Oral Implant Research (n = 12), and the most productive institution was the Medical Center of University of Freiburg. The author with the largest number of clinical studies on zirconia implants was Kohal R.J. (n = 10), followed by Spies B.C. (n = 8).
    CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that zirconia implants have been more prominent in the last ten years, which is a valuable option for oral rehabilitation with marginal bone loss and survival rate comparable to titanium dental implants.
    Keywords:  bibliometrics; citations; scientometric; zirconia implant
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235534
  3. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2020 Dec 02. 37(3): 495-503
       OBJECTIVE: To describe the scientific output on medicinal plants published between 2000 and 2019 with at least one author with Peruvian affiliation.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A bibliometric study was carried out by conducting a systematic search in the Scopus database, from which original articles or short communications on medicinal plants that had at least one author with Peruvian institutional affiliation were selected. The characteristics of the publications, institutions, countries and authors who participated in this research are described. The ratio of international collaboration, the transience index, and the institutional and co-authorship collaboration networks were calculated.
    RESULTS: A total of 200 original articles published in 83 journals were included. The quantity of articles showed an increasing, though irregular trend during the studied period. The most productive institution was the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, and the journal in which most of the articles were published was the Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Authorship and institutional collaboration networks showed the influence of international collaboration in these publications (53.0%).
    CONCLUSIONS: Peruvian scientific output on medicinal plants shows an increasing trend, observed mainly in academic university settings. The articles are published on high-impact journals, due in part to the high level of international cooperation.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.373.5234
  4. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2020 Dec;pii: S1877-0568(20)30274-7. [Epub ahead of print]106(8): 1463-1467
       INTRODUCTION: Given their low citation rate, case reports may reduce a journal's impact factor (IF), making a journal less likely to accept them for publication. However, this concept has never been proven in a bibliometric study. This led us to carry out a bibliometric analysis to evaluate (1) the exact number of case reports published in orthopedics over a 2-year period, (2) their citation rate, (3) what the journals' IF would be if they had not published these case reports.
    HYPOTHESIS: Publishing case reports reduces a journal's IF, bringing into question whether they should be published.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective bibliometric study. We focused on all the articles influencing the year 2017. We looked at all the journals in the "Orthopedics" discipline that had published at least one article in the years n-2 (=2015) or n-1 (=2016).
    RESULTS: There were 1925 case reports among the 28,903 articles published in all orthopedics journals in 2015-2016, a 6.7% share of publications. Individually, each case report in 2015-2016 was cited an average of 0.86 times±1.4 [0-13] in 2017. Of all the case reports published in 2015-2016, 571 (30%) had not been cited in 2017. When comparing the individual number of each case report citation to the journal's IF, we found 413 instances (21.5%) where the case report was cited more than expected and 1512 (78.5%) where it was cited less than expected based on the journal's IF. The mean IF was 2.013. If the journals had not published any case reports, the mean IF would have been 2.072 (p<0.0001). For all the SIGAPS categories, the mean IF would have been higher if no case reports had been published. On average, the IF was lower by 0.059 points±0.121 [-0.165-0.537], with the difference being statistically significantly only for SIGAPS C and D journals. In 69 instances, the IF would be higher if the journal had not published any case reports. Conversely, the IF improved in 8 instances by publishing case reports: 3 were tier D journals and 5 were tier E journals.
    DISCUSSION: Our study brings into question whether case reports should be published. Indeed, the publication of case reports lowers the IF of scientific journals. However, we should not completely stop publishing case reports since they can be useful to clinicians caring for patients with rare diseases or medical conditions.
    LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV, systematic retrospective study.
    Keywords:  Bibliometric; Case report; Impact factor; Orthopedics; Publication rate
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2020.05.016
  5. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2020 Jul-Sep;37(3):37(3): 485-494
       OBJETIVES: To measure the scientific production of the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Perú (INS) through bibliometric indicators of production, collaboration and impact.
    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bibliometric study of original publications from journals indexed in Scopus and Scielo Peru in the period between 1998 and 2018. The production indicators were: the number of publications per year and per subperiod (1998-2008 and 2009- 2018), by theme, and by journal. The collaboration indicators were: the co-authorship index, the number of institutional signatures, the national and international collaboration rate, the proportion of first-time authorship with INS affiliation. The impact indicators were: the number of citations per year, citation/document index, the proportion of documents ever cited and the citation speed.
    RESULTS: A total of 618 publications had at least one author with INS affiliation. From these, 55.9% (346/618) were published in Peruvian scientific journals and 30 INS authors were major producers. From the publications total, 49.0% (303/618) had a first author with INS affiliation. Regarding the subject of investigation, 132 (21.4%) publications were on vector-borne diseases; 9.7% (60), on tuberculosis; and 9.5% (59), on zoonoses. The international collaboration rate was 38.8%. The ratio of citations/documents was 12.8 for the entire period. The H index of publications with INS participation was 37.
    CONCLUSIONS: In the last two decades, the contribution of the INS was focused on infectious diseases. On the other hand, it is required to strengthen the productivity indexes of INS authors, as well as consolidating the new thematic lines that they have developed in the last decade. This effort will allow the INS to improve its function as a public research institute.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17843/rpmesp.2020.373.5470
  6. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204875. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4875-4886
      Celebrating the 25 years of existence of the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC), this paper analyzed 375 documents published between 2000-2019 as an integral part of the editorial of collective oral health. The production analysis aimed to understand how oral health core appears in publications and how it could have contributed to knowledge on the population's health-disease, specific public policies, education, and management of oral health services in the SUS. The process employed bibliometric and documental analysis. We could show the authors' territorial distribution, their extensive collaboration network, and the dimension of citations in publications, including the international plan. The Brazilian states most present in the publications were São Paulo and Minas Gerais, followed by authors from Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina. Citations were more frequent in Brazil (85.14%), followed by the United States (2.31%), Portugal (1.34%), and Australia (1.34%). We concluded that, despite the limitations, the C&SC showed unequivocally a powerful instrument for the dissemination of scientific production from the perspective of collective oral health, enabling the exchange of information and facilitating the integration between researchers and enabling a path to its consolidation.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.28362020
  7. J Arthroplasty. 2020 Nov 14. pii: S0883-5403(20)31205-5. [Epub ahead of print]
       BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of diversity in advancing scientific progress, diversity among leading authors in arthroplasty has not been examined. This study aimed to identify, characterize, and assess disparities among leading authors in arthroplasty literature from 2002 to 2019.
    METHODS: Articles published between 2002 and 2019 from 12 academic journals that publish orthopedic and arthroplasty research were extracted from PubMed. Original articles containing keywords related to arthroplasty were analyzed. Author gender was assigned using the Genderize algorithm. Gender and characterization of the top 100 male and female authors utilized available information on academic profiles.
    RESULTS: From the 14,692 articles that met inclusion criteria, the genders of 23,626 unique authors were identified. Women were less likely than men to publish 5 years after beginning their publishing careers (adjusted odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.57, P < .001). Of the top 100 authors, 96 were men, while only 4 were women. Orthopedic surgeons made up 93 of 100 top authors, of which 92 were men and 1 was a woman. Among the top 10 publishing female and male authors, 10 of 10 men were orthopedic surgeons, only 2 of 10 women were physicians, and only one was an attending orthopedic surgeon.
    CONCLUSION: While the majority of authors with high arthroplasty publication volume were orthopedic surgeons, there were significant gender disparities among the leading researchers. We should continue working to increase gender representation and supporting the research careers of women in arthroplasty.
    Keywords:  arthroplasty; authorship; disparities; gender; leadership; women
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arth.2020.11.014
  8. One Health. 2021 Jun;11 100198
      Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex and global problem. Despite the growing literature on AMR in the medical and veterinary settings, there is still a lack of knowledge on the wildlife compartment. The main aim of this study was to report the global trends in AMR research in wildlife, through a bibliometric study of articles found in the Web of Science database. Search terms were "ANTIMICROBIAL" OR "ANTIBIOTIC" AND "RESISTANT" OR "RESISTANCE" and "WILDLIFE" "MAMMAL" "BIRD" "REPTILE" "FERAL" "FREE RANGE". A total of 219 articles were obtained, published between 1979 and 2019. A rising interest in the last decades towards this topic becomes evident. During this period, the scientific literature was distributed among several scientific areas, however it became more multidisciplinary in the last years, focusing on the "One Health" paradigm. There was a geographical bias in the research outputs: most published documents were from the United States, followed by Spain, Portugal and the United Kingdom. The most productive institutions in terms of publication number were located in Portugal and Spain. An important level of international collaboration was identified. An analysis of the main keywords showed an overall dominance of "AMR", "E. coli", "genes", "prevalence", "bacteria", "Salmonella spp." and "wild birds". This is the first study providing a global overview of the spatial and temporal trends of research related to AMR in wildlife. Given the growth tendency over the last years, it is envisaged that scientific production will expand in the future. In addition to offering a broad view of the existing research trends, this study identifies research gaps both in terms of geographical incidence and in relation to unexplored subtopics. Unearthing scientific areas that should be explored in the future is key to designing new strategic research agendas in AMR research in wildlife and to inform funding programs.
    Keywords:  AMR; Bibliometric analysis; E. coli; Genes; One health; Wildlife
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2020.100198
  9. J Clin Epidemiol. 2020 Dec 02. pii: S0895-4356(20)31197-5. [Epub ahead of print]
       OBJECTIVE: When the probability of being cited depends on the outcome of that study, this is called citation bias. Aim of this study is to assess the determinants of citation and how these compare across six different biomedical research fields.
    STUDY DESIGN: Citation network analyses were performed for six biomedical research questions. After identifying all relevant publications, all potential citations were mapped together with the actually performed citations in each network. As determinants of citation we assessed: study outcome, study design, sample size, journal impact factor, gender, affiliation, authority and continent of the corresponding author, funding source, title of the publication, number of references and self-citation. Random effect logistic regression analysis was used to assess these factors.
    RESULTS: Four out of six networks showed evidence for citation bias. Self-citation, authority of the author and journal impact factor were also positively associated with the probability of citation in all networks.
    CONCLUSION: The probability of being cited seems associated with positive study outcomes, the authority of its authors and the journal in which that article is published. Additionally, each network showed specific characteristics that impact the citation dynamics and that need to be considered when performing and interpreting citation analyses.
    Keywords:  Citation bias; H-index; biomedical research; citation network analyses; questionable research practices
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.11.019
  10. Chemosphere. 2021 Jan;pii: S0045-6535(20)32433-4. [Epub ahead of print]263 128238
      Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. The association between environmental factors (e.g., pesticide) and AD has attracted considerable attention. However, no systematic analysis has been performed and make it difficult to provide deeper insights of AD correlated with pesticide exposure. Hence, this study utilized a bibliometric and visual approach that included map collaborations, co-citations, and keywords, to identifying the knowledge structure, hot topics and the research trends based on 372 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed databases. The results showed that 116 institutions from 52 countries published articles in this field. The United States and Israel played a leading role with numerous publications in related journals, as well as prolific institutions and authors, respectively. Three hot topics in pesticide-induced AD were recognized based on co-occurrence keywords detection, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, oxidative stress, and AChE. Moreover, analysis of keywords burst suggests that some potential molecular mechanisms and therapy targets of pesticide-induced AD, especially for mitochondrial dysfunction and monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) that catalyzes the oxidative deamination and causes oxidative stress, are emerging trends. In addition, the study of various pesticides and the assessment method of pesticide exposure will step forward as well. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to specifically visualize the relationship between AD and pesticide exposure and to predict potential future research directions.
    Keywords:  Alzheimer’s disease; Bibliometric analysis; Citespace; Environmental toxins; Knowledge mapping; Pesticides
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128238
  11. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204681. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4681-4691
      The area of Policy, Planning and Health Management (PPG) express the intersection between research, intervention and political action. The article analyzes the dynamics of knowledge production about PPG in the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (C&SC) from 1996 to 2019. The study articulates a bibliometric and qualitative approach to explore the profile of articles in three dimensions: thematic, methodological and authorship/institutional partnerships. 1680 PPG manuscripts were identified, corresponding to 28.3% of the total publications. Thematic analysis showed a strong influence of the context and the implementation of Unified Health System (SUS). Qualitative empirical studies predominated, followed by quantitative and quanti-qualitative studies. The combination of methodological procedures was frequent, with bibliographic review and interviews being the most cited. The average number of authors per article and national institutional partnerships increased. As most articles were published in Portuguese, the challenge of internationalization persists. The PPG area stands out in the Journal C&SC and in the production of scientific knowledge relevant to SUS.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.18152020
  12. Asian J Surg. 2020 Dec 04. pii: S1015-9584(20)30360-2. [Epub ahead of print]
      Minimally invasive surgery includes traditional laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery. Although many studies related to robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery have been published, when doing our search, scientometric studies that focus on related robotic surgery versus laparoscopic surgery were limited. In this study, we aimed to analyze and review the research hots and research status of robotic surgery versus laparoscopic surgery. We searched publications that involved robotic surgery versus laparoscopic surgery in the Web of Science database from 1980 to May 23, 2020. The top 100 publications were published in 2012 with the number of 17 and citations ranged from 618 to 64. Published across 34 different journals, namely European urology (n = 17) and others, the greatest contribution among 36 institutes was made by the Cleveland Clinic (n = 11). Of the top 100 publications, a total of 429 unique words were identified and the most frequently occurring keyword was laparoscopy (n = 33). The co-occurrence of keywords in the top 100 publications indicated that the study of diseases mainly focused on prostatectomy, complications, prostate cancer, retropubic prostatectomy, nephron-sparing surgery, lymph-node dissection, total mesenteric excision, sexual function, rectal cancer, and assisted distal gastrectomy. In recent years, comparative research on robot and laparoscopic surgery has decreased and most studies focus on cancer.
    Keywords:  Cancer; Laparoscopic; Robotic; Scientometric; Surgery
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2020.10.026
  13. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204757. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4757-4769
      Noncommunicable Diseases are an important public health issue in Brazil and worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production published by the "Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" in order to shed light on its contributions for the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the debate regarding noncommunicable diseases. A bibliometric study on the publications from 1996 to 2019 related to noncommunicable diseases was carried out. A total of 458 documents that met the eligibility criteria were selected. An increasing trend in the number of publications per year was found; at some points, it coincided with political and institutional milestones in Brazil. Quantitative research papers stood out, as did studies on risk and protective factors. Public educational and research institutions led the publishing and the financing of the studies. Most authors were female. The journal has been reflecting the magnitude of the theme and its prioritization on the public agenda by promoting the debate and providing a scientific dissemination of content related to noncommunicable diseases.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.16882020
  14. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2020 ; 115-123
      In the Strategic Academic Leadership Program, the number of publications included in the 1% of the most cited ones in the Web of Science Core Collection database over previous 10 full years is used as an indicator of research potential of universities and scientific centers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the segment of Highly Cited Papers and Hot Papers on surgery using the Essential Science Indicators (ESI) analytical application. According to ESI data, relevant for March 2020, highly cited publications on medicine have formed 2.425 research fronts including 211 ones in surgery. We have analyzed the directions of researches in surgery characterized by the greatest number of citations.
    Keywords:  Essential Science Indicators; Strategic Academic Leadership Program; Web of Science Core Collection; highly cited publications; indicators; research fronts; surgery
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.17116/hirurgia2020121115
  15. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204693. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4693-4701
      The aim of this article is to present a description and analysis of the scientific production in Epidemiology of the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva since its creation in 1996. The titles and abstracts of all articles published in three periods (1996 to 2002, 2011 and 2019) were read and those related to Epidemiology were analyzed. These publications were classified according to the thematic area, study design, sampling method and sample size, and place of origin of the first author. The percentage of epidemiological articles published in the journal jumped from 12.8% in the first period to 31.0% in 2011, and to 55.3% in 2019. The most studied topics were chronic non-communicable diseases (20.3%), nutritional epidemiology (12.2%) and evaluation of health systems, policies, programs and services (10.9%). Descriptive/cross-sectional studies, conducted among adults and from the Southeast region, predominated. The results indicate the need for greater participation of cohort studies, case-control and clinical trials in the scope of the journal's publications, in addition to articles that use more sophisticated statistical methods and well-defined theoretical models, which may contribute in a more relevant way to prevention and control of health problems.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.18492020
  16. Entropy (Basel). 2020 Jan 16. pii: E109. [Epub ahead of print]22(1):
      In order to explore the knowledge base, research hotspot, development status, and future research direction of healthcare research based on information theory and complex science, a total of 3031 literature data samples from the core collection of Web of Science from 2003 to 2019 were selected for bibliometric analysis. HistCite, CiteSpace, Excel, and other analytical tools were used to deeply analyze and visualize the temporal distribution, spatial distribution, knowledge evolution, literature co-citation, and research hotspots of this field. This paper reveals the current development of healthcare research field based on information theory and science of complexity, analyzes and discusses the research hotspots and future development that trends in this field, and provides important knowledge support for researchers in this field for further relevant research.
    Keywords:  bibliometrics; complex science; healthcare; information theory
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/e22010109
  17. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204853. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4853-4862
      The present study analyzed the profile of publications related to the health of the older adults in the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, in terms of quantitative evolution, methodological approach, thematic and institutions involved. The selection of articles considered the title, abstract and descriptors and covered all the content published between 1996 and 2019. The articles included were classified according to the year of publication, type, theme, methodological approach and institutional link of the first author. Data analysis was based on absolute and relative frequencies, in addition to summary (mean) and variability (standard deviation) measures. The results showed a consistent increase in publications on the health of the older adults in the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, with a predominance of the quantitative approach, mainly focused on investigating the topic related to health conditions and the use of health services and supplies. In the majority, the main author was linked to a public teaching/research institution, located in the Southeast region. The results indicate that the journal contributed to give greater visibility to the health of the older adults, but that the publications on this theme reproduce the inequality observed in the national scientific production.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.16662020
  18. Data Brief. 2020 Dec;33 106520
      The year 2020 has changed the living style of people all around the world. Corona pandemic has affected the people in all fields of life economically, physically, and mentally. This dataset is a collection of published articles discussing the effect of COVID and SARS on the social sciences from 2003 to 2020. This dataset collection and analysis highlight the significance and influential aspects, research streams, and themes in this domain. The analysis provides top journals, highly cited articles, mostly used keywords, top affiliation institutes, leading countries based on the citation, potential research streams, a thematic map, and future directions in this area of research. In the future, this dataset will be helpful for every researcher and policymakers to proceed as a starting point to identify the relevant research based on the analysis of 18 years of research in this domain.
    Keywords:  COVID-19; Coronavirus; Pandemic; SARS; SARS-CoV-2; Social sciences
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.106520
  19. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020 Nov;8(11): e3202
      Over the past decade, there has been a worldwide increase in plastic and reconstructive surgery research as well as increased interest in global collaboration. However, little is known about who is contributing to this global expansion or the trends of individual countries. The aim of our study was to analyze the output of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (PRS) over a decade to elucidate trends in the plastic surgery field.
    Methods: The country of origin for all first authors of articles published by PRS from 2010 to 2019 were determined and date extracted using PubMed2XL. The change in frequency of publications over the decade by country, continental contributions, as well as state-level analysis within the United States were analyzed.
    Results: From 2010 to 2019, there were a total number of 8680 publications with an increase in total articles from 747 to 1049 per year. 54 countries contributed over the decade, with the United States producing the most followed by Italy, China, Canada, and the UK. The top producing states were Texas, New York, California, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania.
    Conclusions: The last decade (2010-2019) saw a large international increase in research, not only with the total number of publications, but also in the diversity of originating country. Our work shows a shift away from a US-focused journal to incorporate more work from our international colleagues, as research is conducted in centers across the globe.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1097/GOX.0000000000003202
  20. Entropy (Basel). 2020 Oct 26. pii: E1217. [Epub ahead of print]22(11):
      How much different genders contribute to citations and whether we see different gender patterns between STEM and non-STEM researchers are questions that have long been studied in academia. Here we analyze the research output in terms of citations collected from the Web of Science of males and females from the largest Croatian university, University of Zagreb. Applying the Mann-Whitney statistical test, for most faculties, we demonstrate no gender difference in research output except for seven faculties, where males are significantly better than females on six faculties. We find that female STEM full professors are significantly more cited than male colleagues, while male non-STEM assistant professors are significantly more cited than their female colleagues. There are ten faculties where females have the larger average citations than their male colleagues and eleven faculties where the most cited researcher is woman. For the most cited researchers, our Zipf plot analyses demonstrate that both genders follow power laws, where the exponent calculated for male researchers is moderately larger than the exponent for females. The exponent for STEM citations is slightly larger than the exponent obtained for non-STEM citations, implying that compared to non-STEM, STEM research output leads to fatter tails and so larger citations inequality than non-STEM.
    Keywords:  Zipf law; gender productivity gap; power law
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/e22111217
  21. JB JS Open Access. 2020 Oct-Dec;5(4):pii: e20.00012. [Epub ahead of print]5(4):
       Introduction: Contribution toward clinical research is paramount to the education of physician trainees and is required by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. From 1987 through 2015, our single institution orthopaedic surgery residency research experience included 2 dedicated research rotations. Because few resident projects were pursued to completion, feedback was used to restructure the curriculum, including the appointment of 2 clinical orthopaedic faculty to serve as codirectors, development of a revised curriculum, use of research teams, and a centralized research database. Our group previously displayed increased resident productivity within 2 years after the 2015 implementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of orthopaedic residency curricular changes on scholarly activity of orthopaedic teaching faculty.
    Methods: The curriculum vitae (CVs) of a single institution's orthopaedic teaching faculty were collected and retrospectively reviewed from 2014 through 2018 to determine academic productivity of clinical faculty. Indicators of academic productivity included peer-reviewed publications (including journal impact factors) and podium or poster presentations.
    Results: Twenty-three of 27 faculty members responded to our request for CVs. One hundred three CVs were reviewed on 23 faculty. All academic indicators increased over 5 years. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) using a multivariate repeated measures analysis was completed. A sphericity χ2 test was violated for all measures, precluding us from using unadjusted univariate analysis. Univariate MANOVA with repeated measures displays significance regarding impact factor (f < 0.02, p < 0.05) and journal publications (f < 0.004, p < 0.05). Subsequent multivariate analysis shows similar results regarding impact factor (f < 0.0008), journal publications (0.0005), and poster presentations (f < 0.016).
    Conclusions: Improved structure of an established resident research rotation combined with enhanced faculty mentorship resulted in a significant increase in academic productivity for clinical teaching faculty of the department of orthopaedic surgery. This increase parallels that seen in orthopaedic resident research productivity; indicating a positive impact on teaching faculty scholarly activity.
    Level of Evidence: III.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.OA.20.00012
  22. Confl Health. 2020 Nov 05. 14(1): 73
       INTRODUCTION: Armed conflict may influence the size and scope of research in Arab countries. We aimed to assess the impact of the 2011 Syrian conflict on health articles about Syria published in indexed journals.
    METHODS: We conducted a scoping review on Syrian health-related articles using seven electronic databases. We included clinical, biomedical, public health, or health system topics published between 1991 and 2017. We excluded animal studies and studies conducted on Syrian refugees. We used descriptive and social network analyses to assess the differences in rates, types, topics of articles, and authorship before and after 2011, the start of the Syrian conflict.
    RESULTS: Of 1138 articles, 826 (72.6%) were published after 2011. Articles published after 2011 were less likely to be primary research; had a greater proportion reporting on mental health (4.6% vs. 10.0%), accidents and injuries (2.3% vs. 18.8%), and conflict and health (1.7% vs. 7.8%) (all p < 0.05); and a lower proportion reporting on child and maternal health (8.1 to 3.6%, p = 0.019). The proportion of research articles reporting no funding increased from 1.1 to 14.6% (p < 0.01). While international collaborations increased over time, the number of articles with no authors affiliated to Syrian institutions overtook those with at least one author affiliation to a Syrian institution for the first time in 2015.
    CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the impact of armed conflict on health scholarship in Syria. The Syrian conflict was associated with a change in the rates, types, and topics of the health-related articles, and authors' affiliations. Our findings have implications for the prioritization of research funding, development of inclusive research collaborations, and promoting the ethics of conducting research in complex humanitarian settings.
    Keywords:  Conflict; Health-related articles; Productivity; Public health; Research; Syria
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13031-020-00316-7
  23. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020 Dec 09.
       STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep research has grown substantially in recent decades, producing a large amount of data and a increasing number of meta-analyses. This study sought to establish the volume of meta-analyses in this area and assess how this has developed over time.
    METHODS: A bibliographic search of the Web of Science database was conducted (1945-2019). Total number of articles and total number of meta-analyses were extracted for both sleep medicine and for a combination of six other medical specialties (cardiology, neurology, psychiatry, pulmonology, otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics).
    RESULTS: A total of 262,384 articles and 1,152 meta-analyses related to sleep medicine were identified. Considering the whole period under analysis, meta-analyses represent 0.44% of the total number of sleep medicine-related articles. Throughout this period, the proportion of meta-analyses published has been growing in both sleep medicine and in the other fields, but it is greater in the other fields. In 2019, meta-analyses in sleep medicine represented 1.10% of the publication output in this area, while it represented 1.62% of the other areas. However, sleep medicine's growth rate is consistently higher than in the other fields. The United States, China and the United Kingdom are the top meta-analyses producers.
    CONCLUSIONS: Meta-analyses in sleep medicine are underused. As a recent medical field, sleep medicine has more potential to grow and is likely to grow faster than other fields. Researchers should be encouraged to perform and publish meta-analyses on sleep medicine, as long as the analyses are reasonable and feasible from methodological, statistical and practical perspectives.
    Keywords:  epidemiology; meta-analysis; scoping review; sleep; systematic review
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9044
  24. Arch Physiother. 2020 Nov 30. 10(1): 21
       BACKGROUND AND AIM: The volume of withdrawn publications in scholarly disciplines has grown steadily, but there is little awareness about this issue in rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of retracted articles pertaining to rehabilitation.
    METHODS: Retracted articles were searched in 4 different bibliographic databases from their inception to April 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, WikiLetters and Retraction Watch. Three independent reviewers assessed the relevance of the retrieved articles to the rehabilitation area.
    RESULTS: Of 280 rehabilitation-related publications retracted between 1984 and 2020, 83 (29.6%) were published in 55 full open access journals and 197 (70.4%) were published in 147 traditional, non-open access or hybrid journals. In the last 10 years (2009-2018) there was a significant steady increase in both the total number of retractions (p < 0.005; r = 0.856; R2 = 0.733) and retraction rate per year (p < 0.05; r = 0.751; R2 = 0.564). However, the number of retractions represents a very small percentage (~ 0.1%) of the overall volume of publications in rehabilitation.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the number of retracted articles in rehabilitation is increasing, although the phenomenon is still limited. However, the true prevalence of misconduct may go unnoticed due to the large number of low-quality journals not indexed in the searched databases. Physiotherapists should be aware of the danger of misleading information originating from withdrawn publications.
    Keywords:  Physiotherapy; Rehabilitation; Research misconduct; Retracted publication
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-020-00092-w
  25. J Surg Res. 2020 Dec 03. pii: S0022-4804(20)30786-1. [Epub ahead of print]259 163-169
       INTRODUCTION: Medical school and residency programs encourage increased research, and thousands of abstracts are submitted to conferences annually. This study sought to determine the rate of publication of oral presentations from the 2017 Academic Surgical Congress (ASC) and assess factors that influence the likelihood of publication.
    METHODS: Abstracts selected for oral, plenary, and QuickShot presentations at the 2017 ASC were evaluated for publication status. Publication status, including date of publication and journal title, the academic rank of first and senior authors, and the type of study were collected. Senior author funding status, as well as source and amount of funding, were cataloged. These variables were noted at 16 mo and then later at 34 mo after the conference.
    RESULTS: Of the 360 oral and plenary presentations, 41.4% (n = 149) and 70.5% were published at 16 and then 34 mo, respectively. At 16 mo, Basic science, Clinical outcomes, and Education had publication rates of 31.7%, 51.1%, and 57.7%. At 34 mo, they were 76.1%, 69.1%, and 60.06%. QuickShot presentations had a publication rate of 17%, 69%, and 14% for Basic Science, Clinical Outcomes, and Education, respectively. At 16 mo, abstracts with senior authors with an academic rank of Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor had publication rates of 43.3% (22), 49.4% (39), and 41.8% (37), respectively (P = 0.697). At 34 mo, publication rates for senior authors was 21.8% (53), 32.9% (80), and 45.2% (110) for Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor, respectively (P= < 0.01). Quick shot presentations had publication rates of 14%, 26%, and 49% for Assistant Professor, Associate Professor, and Professor, respectively. 191 (53.2%) senior authors had funding, of which 125 (66.8%) were from the National Institute of Health. 61% of abstracts with a funded senior author went on to be published, whereas 38.9% of abstracts with an unfunded senior author were published. The presence of funding continued to have a positive association with publication (P < 0.01 versus P < 0.01) at 16 and 34 mo postconference. In QuickShot presentations, 88% of abstracts with a funded senior author went on to be published. Of Quick shot presentations without funding, 100% were published.
    CONCLUSIONS: There was an increase in publication rate from 16 to 34 mo after the 2017 ASC conference for oral presentations. At longer follow-up, the academic rank of the senior author and the funded abstracts were associated with abstracts achieving publication, whereas the academic rank of the first author, presentation type, and funding source was not. Funding was significantly associated with the Presentation Type at the conference and the Journal Impact Factor of the manuscript, whereas abstract type was not. QuickShot presentations did not fare as well regarding publication status; at approximately 3 y, the publication rate was 43%.
    Keywords:  academic surgical congress; impact factor; publication rate
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.11.040
  26. J Interprof Care. 2020 Dec 08. 1-13
      Interprofessional mentoring in palliative care sees different members of the interprofessional team providing holistic, personalised andlongitudinal mentoring support, skills training and knowledge transfer as they mentor trainees at different points along their mentoring journeys. However, gaps in practice and their risk of potential mentoring malpractice even as interprofessional mentoring use continues to grow in palliative medicine underlines the need for careful scrutiny of its characteristics and constituents in order to enhance the design, evaluation and oversight of interprofessional mentoring programmes. Hence, a systematic scoping review on prevailing accounts of interprofessional mentoring in medicine is conducted to address this gap. Using Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews and identical search strategies, 6 reviewers performed independent literature reviews of accounts of interprofessional mentoring published in 10 databases. Braun and Clarke's (2006) thematic analysis approach was adopted to evaluate across different mentoring settings. A total of 11111 abstracts were identified from 10 databases, 103 full-text articles reviewed and 14 full-text articles were thematically analysed to reveal 4 themes: characterizing, implementing, evaluating and obstacles to interprofessional mentoring. Interprofessional mentoring is founded upon a respectful and collaborative mentoring relationship that thrives despite inevitable differences in individual values, ethical perspectives at different career stages within diverse working environments. This warrants effective mentor-mentee trainings, alignment of expectations, roles and responsibilities, goals and timelines, and effective oversight of the programmes. Drawing upon the data provided, an interprofessional mentoring framework is forwarded to guide the design, evaluation and oversight of the programmes.
    Keywords:  (MeSH): Mentoring; interprofessional Mentoring; interprofessional Relations; medical Education; mosaic Mentoring; palliative care
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/13561820.2020.1818700
  27. Environ Pollut. 2020 Nov 24. pii: S0269-7491(20)36838-X. [Epub ahead of print] 116149
      Biorefineries provide a platform for different industries to produce multiple bio-products enhancing the economic value of the system. The production of these biorefineries has led to an increase in the generation of biowaste. To minimize the risk of environmental pollution, numerous studies have focused on a variety of strategies to mitigate these concerns reflected in the vast amount of literature written on this topic. This paper aims to systematically analyze and review the enormous body of scientific literature in the biowaste and biorefinery field for establishing an understanding and providing a direction for future works. A bibliometric analysis is first performed using the CorTexT Manager platform on a corpus of 1488 articles written on the topic of biowaste. Popular and emerging topics are determined using a terms extraction algorithm. A contingency matrix is then created to study the correlation of scientific journals and key topics from this field. Then, the connection and evolution of these terms were analyzed using network mapping, to determine relationships among key terms and analyze notable trends in this research field. Finally, a critical review of articles was presented across three main categories of biowaste management such as mitigation, sustainable utilization, and cleaner disposal from the perspective of the biorefinery concept. Operational and technological challenges are identified for the integration of anaerobic digestion in biorefineries, especially in developing nations. Moreover, logistical challenges in the biorefinery supply-chain are established based on the economics and collection aspect of handling biowaste.
    Keywords:  Anaerobic digestion; Biorefinery; Biowaste; Cleaner disposal; Mitigation; Sustainable utilization
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116149
  28. J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2020 Dec;4(12): e2000187
       INTRODUCTION: The Altmetric Attention Score (AAS) has been associated with citation rates across medical and surgical disciplines. However, factors that drive high AAS remain poorly understood and there remains multiple pitfalls to correlating these metrics alone with the quality of a study. The purpose of the current study was to determine the relationship between methodologic and study biases and the AAS in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in total joint arthroplasty journals.
    METHODS: All RCTs from 2016 published in The Journal of Arthroplasty, The Bone and Joint Journal, The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research, The Journal of Knee Surgery, Hip International, and Acta Orthopaedica were extracted. Methodologic bias was graded with the JADAD scale, whereas study bias was graded with the Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs. Publication characteristics, social media attention (Facebook, Twitter, and Mendeley), AAS, citation rates, and bias were analyzed.
    RESULTS: A total of 42 articles were identified. The mean (±SD) citations and AAS per RCT was 17.8 ± 16.5 (range, 0 to 78) and 8.0 ± 15.4 (range, 0 to 64), respectively. The mean JADAD score was 2.6 ± 0.94. No statistically significant differences were observed in the JADAD score or total number of study biases when compared across the seven journals (P = 0.57 and P = 0.27). Higher JADAD scores were significantly associated with higher AAS scores (β = 6.7, P = 0.006) but not citation rate (P = 0.16). The mean number of study biases was 2.0 ± 0.93 (range, 0 to 4). A greater total number of study biases was significantly with higher AAS scores (β = -8.0, P < 0.001) but not citation rate (P = 0.10). The AAS was a significant and positive predictor of citation rate (β = 0.43, P = 0.019).
    CONCLUSION: High methodologic quality and limited study bias markedly contribute to the AAS of RCTs in the total joint arthroplasty literature. The AAS may be used as a proxy measure of scientific quality for RCTs, although readers should still critically appraise these articles before making changes to clinical practice.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5435/JAAOSGlobal-D-20-00187
  29. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204887. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4887-4916
      Pharmaceutical Services (PS) is a growing field which has established itself over the last 25 years in Brazil through scientific publications. This work investigates the evolution of the field in the Brazilian periodical Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. We conducted a scoping review of relevant literature produced in four separate periods (1996-2003, 2004-2010, 2011-2015, and 2016-2019). A search for articles that contained one or more of the pre-established key words in the title was performed by separate pairs of reviewers. The search resulted in 307 articles, 260 of which were included. The findings show that the number of publications increased steadily over the study period. The papers were predominantly open-topic and original articles and written in Portuguese. Most of the lead authors were from the South and Southeastern regions of Brazil and from public universities and Fiocruz. The predominant primary theme was medicine utilization (161 articles), followed by management (56), and tangential aspects of the PM cycle (43). An ontology of PS was created based on the classification of the articles. The findings show that the field of PS encompasses public policy and management and frontline activities involved in the delivery of health care to the population. It is hoped that the diverse range of interrelations in the field of PS will be increasingly addressed in future publications.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.19112020
  30. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204661. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4661-4668
      This paper analyzes Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva's approach to the narrative field. The concept of "narrative field" is built on the relationships of three dimensions, namely, the cognitive (epistemic), the socio-political-pedagogical, and the applied. This is an analytical, quantitative, and qualitative research of authors, themes, theoretical and methodological approaches, concepts, and disciplines. The search on the SciELO database was developed in two stages: 1. Context - Restricted to the health publications, research on 29/01/2019, with the Portuguese descriptor "narrativa" + "saúde" (without filter); 2. Bibliometric research - data collected in December 2019 using descriptor "narrative" + "ciência e saúde coletiva", period 2002-2019. No reference was found in the searched journal before 2002. In the analysis of the 43 texts, the keywords were grouped into narrative analyses, narrative reviews, narrative texts, biography, and translation. We conclude by affirming the relevance of the theme, despite the small number of works, and suggest scholars emphasize in future works the theoretical approaches of narrative work and demarcate their perspectives, as an approach or an object, or both.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.04692020
  31. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204791. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4791-4802
      The authors conducted a literature review on the theme of violence and health published in the Brazilian public health journal "Ciência & Saúde Coletiva" (C&SC) from 1996 to 2019. The search also included two other Brazilian journals, "Cadernos de Saúde Pública" (CSP) and "Revista de Saúde Pública" (RSP) and two international journals, the "American Journal of Public Health" (AJPH) and the "Pan American Journal of Public Health" (PAJPH), totaling 1,179 articles. The analysis aggregated each journal's material in eleven themes, based on conceptual affinity. For the articles from C&SC, the authors analyzed variables such as year of publication, area of knowledge, institution's region, study scope, methodology, and target population. The analysis found that C&SC gave visibility to violence and health, standing out from the other journals since 2009. External causes, children and adolescents, quantitative studies, municipal and national scope, and institutions located in the Southeast region of Brazil predominated. There are gaps in topics such as self-mutilation and vulnerable populations, among other areas where more studies and publications should be encouraged.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.20322020
  32. Int J Ther Massage Bodywork. 2020 Dec;13(4): 25-34
       Background: Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) are means to connect practitioners with researchers and increase the body of rigorous research. PBRNs have been used in medicine for decades, but efforts to create PBRNs in massage therapy (MT) are limited.
    Purpose: Examine and describe the amount of and nature of MT-related publications derived from PBRN-supported endeavors.
    Publication Selection: Databases: Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, ClinicalKey, EMBASE, Google Scholar. Keywords: massage, massage therapy, practice-based research network, PBRN. Key items: publication year, operating PBRN, article type, study design, general theme, massage therapist involvement/MT application. Inclusion Criteria: studies conducted through a PBRN using MT/massage therapists as an investigated factor; articles/editorials focused on PBRN-related MT research.
    Results: Initial database search resulted in 444 records; 40 articles included in analysis from database search, PBRN website access, and PBRN staff contacts. Publication dates ranged from 2005 to 2019, with nearly all published since 2013. Nine PBRNs published 29 articles based on 20 studies and sub-studies as research papers (n=21) or poster/oral presentation abstracts (n=8), and articles discussing the need for PBRNs in MT (n=8). Most research studies were conducted as surveys (n=21), examining practice characteristics (n=9) and patient perspectives/utilization (n=7). Three articles discussing PBRNs in MT were not connected to any specific PBRN.
    Conclusion: The PBRN model holds promise to further the field of MT, but implementation needs significant development. Promoting the creation and growth of massage-specific PBRNs should be a focus of professional associations and research institutions to expand the body of scientific evidence supporting MT. While the United States has had the most PBRN-related research efforts, a sustainable implementation model is not evident as highlighted by inactivity from US-based PBRNs after initial productivity. An Australian PBRN may serve as a needed sustainability model for massage-related PBRNs in the US if their productivity trajectory continues.
    Keywords:  BraveNet; MNO-PBRN; MassageNet; PRACI; massage therapy; practice- based research networks
  33. Entropy (Basel). 2020 Aug 10. pii: E875. [Epub ahead of print]22(8):
      We propose a new citation model which builds on the existing models that explicitly or implicitly include "direct" and "indirect" (learning about a cited paper's existence from references in another paper) citation mechanisms. Our model departs from the usual, unrealistic assumption of uniform probability of direct citation, in which initial differences in citation arise purely randomly. Instead, we demonstrate that a two-mechanism model in which the probability of direct citation is proportional to the number of authors on a paper (team size) is able to reproduce the empirical citation distributions of articles published in the field of astronomy remarkably well, and at different points in time. Interpretation of our model is that the intrinsic citation capacity, and hence the initial visibility of a paper, will be enhanced when more people are intimately familiar with some work, favoring papers from larger teams. While the intrinsic citation capacity cannot depend only on the team size, our model demonstrates that it must be to some degree correlated with it, and distributed in a similar way, i.e., having a power-law tail. Consequently, our team-size model qualitatively explains the existence of a correlation between the number of citations and the number of authors on a paper.
    Keywords:  citation model; cumulative advantage; preferential attachment; team science
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3390/e22080875
  34. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Dec;pii: S1413-81232020001204703. [Epub ahead of print]25(12): 4703-4714
      This study aims to analyze the qualitative papers published in the 25-year existence of the Journal Ciência & Saúde Coletiva (from 1996 to March 2020), taking into account themes, theoretical-conceptual anchors, methods, and techniques. This is a bibliographic study based on the principles of categorical analysis, dialoguing with the aspects of Social Sciences. We highlight the following outcomes. The collection spans over a variety of themes, and violence is the most recurrent topic. However, themes such as race/ethnicity are absent from the collection; 53% of the publications used Social Sciences references, and Bourdieu was the most cited author. Most papers (77%) show methodological information, under a predominantly Bardin's perspective. The collection with qualitative approaches is modest, with less than 10% of publications. We conclude, however, that the collection makes a significant contribution to Public Health because: (a) it establishes connections with different clinical areas; (b) it recognizes the voice of the actors, turning them into leading figures; (c) it collaborates with the epidemiological dimension to understand health contexts; (d) it subsidizes decision-making in health policies, planning and management; and (e) it unveils the symbolic dimensions of health-disease-care processes.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320202512.18142020
  35. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2020 Dec 06. pii: S1367-0484(20)30203-4. [Epub ahead of print]
      
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Corneal reshaping; Orthokeratology; h-Index
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2020.11.010
  36. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2020 Dec 01. 5(1): 16
       BACKGROUND: Preprint usage is growing rapidly in the life sciences; however, questions remain on the relative quality of preprints when compared to published articles. An objective dimension of quality that is readily measurable is completeness of reporting, as transparency can improve the reader's ability to independently interpret data and reproduce findings.
    METHODS: In this observational study, we initially compared independent samples of articles published in bioRxiv and in PubMed-indexed journals in 2016 using a quality of reporting questionnaire. After that, we performed paired comparisons between preprints from bioRxiv to their own peer-reviewed versions in journals.
    RESULTS: Peer-reviewed articles had, on average, higher quality of reporting than preprints, although the difference was small, with absolute differences of 5.0% [95% CI 1.4, 8.6] and 4.7% [95% CI 2.4, 7.0] of reported items in the independent samples and paired sample comparison, respectively. There were larger differences favoring peer-reviewed articles in subjective ratings of how clearly titles and abstracts presented the main findings and how easy it was to locate relevant reporting information. Changes in reporting from preprints to peer-reviewed versions did not correlate with the impact factor of the publication venue or with the time lag from bioRxiv to journal publication.
    CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that, on average, publication in a peer-reviewed journal is associated with improvement in quality of reporting. They also show that quality of reporting in preprints in the life sciences is within a similar range as that of peer-reviewed articles, albeit slightly lower on average, supporting the idea that preprints should be considered valid scientific contributions.
    Keywords:  Peer review; Preprint; Publication; Quality of reporting; Scientific journal; bioRxiv
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s41073-020-00101-3
  37. Account Res. 2020 Dec 08.
      Despite the widely used author contribution criteria, unethical authorship practices such as guest, ghost, and honorary authorship remains largely unsolved. We have identified six major reasons by analyzing 78 published papers addressing unethical authorship practice. Those are lack of: (i) awareness about and (ii) compliance with authorship criteria, (iii) universal definition and scope for determining authorship, (iv) common mechanisms for positioning an author in the list, (v) quantitative measures of intellectual contribution; and (vi) pressure to publish. As a possible measure to control unethical practice, we have evaluated the possibility to adopt an author categorization scheme - proposed according to the common understanding of how first-, co-, principal-, or corresponding- author is perceived. Based on an online opinion survey, the proposed scheme was supported by ~80% of the respondents (n=370). The impact of the proposed categorization was then evaluated using a novel mathematical tool to measure "Author Performance Index (API)" that can be higher for those who might have authored more papers as primary and/or principal authors than those as coauthors. Hence, if adopted, the proposed author categorization scheme together with the API would provide a better way to evaluate the credit of an individual as a primary and principal author.
    Keywords:  Authorship criteria; Hyperauthorship; corresponding author; primary author; principal author; relative intellectual contribution
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2020.1860764
  38. J Assoc Inf Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;71(11): 1371-1385
      We investigate the state of multilingualism across the social sciences and humanities (SSH) using a comprehensive data set of research outputs from seven European countries (Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Flanders [Belgium], Norway, Poland, and Slovenia). Although English tends to be the dominant language of science, SSH researchers often produce culturally and societally relevant work in their local languages. We collected and analyzed a set of 164,218 peer-reviewed journal articles (produced by 51,063 researchers from 2013 to 2015) and found that multilingualism is prevalent despite geographical location and field. Among the researchers who published at least three journal articles during this time period, over one-third from the various countries had written their work in at least two languages. The highest share of researchers who published in only one language were from Flanders (80.9%), whereas the lowest shares were from Slovenia (57.2%) and Poland (59.3%). Our findings show that multilingual publishing is an ongoing practice in many SSH research fields regardless of geographical location, political situation, and/or historical heritage. Here we argue that research is international, but multilingual publishing keeps locally relevant research alive with the added potential for creating impact.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24336
  39. J Perinatol. 2020 Dec 10.
       OBJECTIVE: Inequity between genders with regards to leadership achievement, compensation, scholarly productivity, and grant funding exist among physicians. This study explores whether similar inequities exist among board certified neonatologists within the USA.
    STUDY DESIGN: A voluntary anonymous survey was distributed to 3575 members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine with 560 respondents (15.7% response rate). The survey contained questions assessing clinician characteristics, work environment, compensation, professional productivity, and social factors. Statistical analysis was done using JMP Pro 15.0.0 by SAS.
    RESULTS: Female neonatologists, compared to male peers, were less likely to hold leadership positions (OR 0.36, p = 0.005), received lower compensation by an average of $34,916 or 12.47% (p < 0.001), and had 6.71 fewer primary authored publications (p = 0.025) after adjusting for several confounding factors.
    CONCLUSION: Gender remains a significant independent factor influencing leadership attainment, compensation, and academic productivity in this cohort of neonatologists.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41372-020-00897-4