bims-evares Biomed News
on Evaluation of research
Issue of 2019–08–25
fiveteen papers selected by
Thomas Krichel, Open Library Society
  1. Citation advantage for open access articles in European Radiology.
  2. Assessing Research Collaboration through Co-authorship Network Analysis.
  3. Patterns of Recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding in General Surgery: Analysis Using the NIH RePORTER System.
  4. The Hotspots Analysis of Education and Management of Childhood Asthma Based on Cluster Analysis Method.
  5. Network Analysis of Citation in Hypertension Clinical Guidelines.
  6. Scientific Productivity and Cancer-Related Mortality: A Case Study of a Positive Association in Colombia.
  7. The evolution of celiac disease publications: a holistic approach with bibliometric analysis.
  8. Fatemeh Makkizadeh Ph.D., Esmaeil Bigdeloo M.A.
  9. Scientific production of midwives in Latin American obstetrics and gynecology journals indexed in Scopus.
  10. Data Mining in Nursing: A Bibliometric Analysis (1990-2017).
  11. The increasing prominence of "non-surgical" articles in surgical literature.
  12. Current Status and Trends in Health Informatics Research: A Bibliometric Analysis by Health Technology and Informatics.
  13. Bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association during the period from 1965 to 2018.
  14. Research trends of acupuncture therapy on insomnia in two decades (from 1999 to 2018):a bibliometric analysis.
  15. Characteristics, Trends, and Factors Associated With Publication Among Residents of Oman Medical Specialty Board Programs.
  1. Eur Radiol. 2019 Aug 19.
    Citation advantage for open access articles in European Radiology.
    Rayan H M Alkhawtani, Thomas C Kwee, Robert M Kwee.
       OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether there is a difference in citation rate between open access and subscription access articles in the field of radiology.
    METHODS: This study included consecutive original articles published online in European Radiology. Pearson χ2, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess for any differences between open access and subscription access articles. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine the association between open access publishing and citation rate, adjusted for continent of origin, subspeciality, study findings in article title, number of authors, number of references, length of the article, and number of days the article has been online. In a secondary analysis, we determined the association between open access and number of downloads and shares.
    RESULTS: A total of 500 original studies, of which 86 (17.2%) were open access and 414 (82.8%) were subscription access articles, were included. Articles from Europe or North America were significantly more frequently published open access (p = 0.024 and p = 0.001), while articles with corresponding authors from Asia were significantly less frequently published open access (p < 0.001). In adjusted linear regression analysis, open access articles were significantly more frequently cited (beta coefficient = 3.588, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.668 to 6.508, p = 0.016), downloaded (beta coefficient = 759.801, 95% CI 630.917 to 888.685, p < 0.001), and shared (beta coefficient = 0.748, 95% CI 0.124 to 1.372, p = 0.019) than subscription access articles (beta coefficient = 3.94, 95% confidence interval 1.44 to 6.44, p = 0.002).
    CONCLUSION: Open access publishing is independently associated with an increased citation, download, and share rate in the field of radiology.
    KEY POINTS: • A minority of articles are currently published open access in European Radiology. • European and North American authors tend to publish more open access articles than Asian authors. • Open access publishing seems to offer an independent advantage in terms of citation, download, and share rate.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Open access publishing; Radiology
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-019-06389-0
  2. J Res Adm. 2018 ;49(1): 76-99
    Assessing Research Collaboration through Co-authorship Network Analysis.
    Jesse Fagan, Katherine S Eddens, Jennifer Dolly, Nathan L Vanderford, Heidi Weiss, Justin S Levens.
      Interdisciplinary research collaboration is needed to perform transformative science and accelerate innovation. The Science of Team Science strives to investigate, evaluate, and foster team science, including institutional policies that may promote or hinder collaborative interdisciplinary research and the resources and infrastructure needed to promote team science within and across institutions. Social network analysis (SNA) has emerged as a useful method to measure interdisciplinary science through the evaluation of several types of collaboration networks, including co-authorship networks. Likewise, research administrators are responsible for conducting rigorous evaluation of policies and initiatives. Within this paper, we present a case study using SNA to evaluate inter-programmatic collaboration (evidenced by co-authoring scientific papers) from 2007-2014 among scientists who are members of four formal research programs at an NCI-designated Cancer Center, the Markey Cancer Center (MCC) at the University of Kentucky. We evaluate change in network descriptives over time and implement separable temporal exponential-family random graph models (STERGMs) to estimate the effect of author and network variables on the tendency to form a co-authorship tie. We measure the diversity of the articles published over time (Blau's Index) to understand whether the changes in the co-authorship network are reflected in the diversity of articles published by research members. Over the 8-year period, we found increased inter-programmatic collaboration among research members as evidenced by co-authorship of published scientific papers. Over time, MCC Members collaborated more with others outside of their research program and outside their initial dense co-authorship groups, however tie formation continues to be driven by co-authoring with individuals of the same research program and academic department. Papers increased in diversity over time on all measures with the exception of author gender. This inter-programmatic research was fostered by policy changes in cancer center administration encouraging interdisciplinary research through both informal (e.g., annual retreats, seminar series) and formal (e.g., requiring investigators from more than two research programs on applications for pilot funding) means. Within this cancer center, interdisciplinary co-authorship increased over time as policies encouraging this collaboration were implemented. Yet, there is room for improvement in creating more interdisciplinary and diverse ties between research program members.
    Keywords:  co-authorship; diversity in collaboration; interdisciplinary collaboration; research administration policy; science of team science; social network analysis
  3. Cureus. 2019 Jun 19. 11(6): e4938
    Patterns of Recent National Institutes of Health (NIH) Funding in General Surgery: Analysis Using the NIH RePORTER System.
    Erich J Berg, John Ashurst.
       INTRODUCTION: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is the world's largest funding source for research, and the R01 grant is seen as a stepping stone to future granting opportunities for the physician-scientist. Recently, both a gender and degree disparity in scholarly activity has been highlighted in the medical literature.  Objective: To assess NIH R01 funding trends in general surgery over the last decade.
    METHODS: A retrospective review of general surgery funding was extracted from the NIH's Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditures and Results database from 2008 through 2017. All principal investigators (PIs) were categorized by gender and academic degree(s). Linear regression analysis assessed NIH grant funding trends over time and comparisons of groups were completed with the t-test.
    RESULTS: From 2008 to 2017, the NIH awarded 600 R01 grants and $272,669,397 to PIs in general surgery. The majority of R01 grants were awarded to males (76.33%; p < 0.01) and those holding a Doctorate of Medicine (MD) degree (58.33%; p < 0.01). No Doctorate of Osteopathic Medicine (DO) had received an NIH R01 grant during the time studied. No statistically significant trend could be established for the number of R01 grants awarded over time (p = 0.33), grants awarded to males or females over time (p = 0.73 and p = 0.18), or for those holding an MD or other type of degree over time (p = 0.30 and p = 0.39). Also, no statistically significant trend was established for increased grant funding over time (P = 0.88) but females and those holding an other type of degree (Doctorate in Philosophy (PhD), Doctorate in Science (DSc), Master of Public Health (MPH), etc.) experienced an increase in the total dollar amount of funding over the time studied (p < 0.01 and p < 0.01).  Conclusion: For the years studied, a gender and degree disparity exists for those receiving an NIH R01 grant in general surgery. However, an increase in total grant funding has been seen for both females and non-physician scientists over from 2008 through 2017.
    Keywords:  general surgery; grant funding; national institutes of health (nih); r01
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4938
  4. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2019 Aug 21. 264 1618-1619
    The Hotspots Analysis of Education and Management of Childhood Asthma Based on Cluster Analysis Method.
    Yana Xing, Yibo Wang, Wei Zhang, Hongmei Duan.
      By the use of SPSS software and computer programs, this paper gives a co-word clustering analysis of the articles on education and management of childhood asthma worldwide published in the Web of Science before September 2018. Correlation and dissimilarity matrix and hierarchical clustering were constructed. Finally, 66 high-frequency keywords of 6147 papers were included, 9 hotspots in this field emerged by cluster analysis, which could provide some valuable information of hot research on this field.
    Keywords:  Asthma; Cluster analysis; Co-word analysis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI190563
  5. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2019 Aug 21. 264 1017-1020
    Network Analysis of Citation in Hypertension Clinical Guidelines.
    Youjin Park, Hyung Woo Kim, Seng Chan You, George Hripcsak, Han Eol Cho, Ji Hyuk Han, Seo Jeong Shin, Rae Woong Park.
      Recently the two most influential clinical guideline were published for diagnosing and treating hypertension in US and Europe: 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) and 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension (ESC/ESH) Guideline. Though both of them have most in common, the differences in details between guidelines have confused many clinicians in the world. Because guidelines were evidence- based literature, through the analysis of articles cited in guidelines, these similarities and differences could be explained. Bibliometric analysis is a method of quantifying the contents of literature to analyze literature. So using the bibliometric analysis including co-citation network analysis, articles cited in guideline were analyzed. As a result, we figured out that bibliometrics can analyze the influence of the countries, authors and studies on the guidelines, which might affect on the similarities and the differences between both guidelines.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Guideline; Hypertension
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI190378
  6. J Glob Oncol. 2019 Aug;5 1-10
    Scientific Productivity and Cancer-Related Mortality: A Case Study of a Positive Association in Colombia.
    David Bravo-Linares, Andrés M Acevedo-Melo, Alejandro Ruiz-Patiño, Luisa Ricaurte, Diana Lucio-Arias, Andrés F Cardona.
       PURPOSE: Cancer morbidity represents an increasing public health issue; this worldwide phenomenon also is true for emerging upper-middle-income countries, such as Colombia. The main purpose of this study was to uncover the relationship between scientific productivity and cancer-related mortality in our setting.
    METHODS: We conducted a temporal-trend ecologic study by means of bibliometric analysis from records of publications from SCOPUS database with Colombian institutional affiliations between 2000 and 2015. Productivity and overall mortality were estimated and compared using econometric modeling to identify potential correlations. Additional exploratory analyses per six most frequent cancer sites were performed.
    RESULTS: Of 2,645 publication records retrieved, 1,464 (55.3%) met selection criteria to be classified as Colombian scientific production (interobserver agreement, 92.96%; κ = 0.859; 95% CI, 0.800 to 0.918). Overall, 79.6% of the records corresponded to original or in-press articles; furthermore, almost half (49.7%) embodied descriptive study designs. Selected records reported a median of five authors and three different affiliations per publication; 66% had been cited at least once up to September 2017. The most-studied cancer-specific locations were cervix (16.1%), breast (11.5%), and stomach (9.8%), but nonspecific locations had the largest combined participation (23.4%). An increasing trend in scientific productivity was correlated to decreasing trend in overall cancer mortality, which was reported as an inverse proportional relationship in the linear regression modeling (r = -0.958; P < .001). Graphic analyses per cancer-specific sites revealed heterogeneous behaviors of this relationship.
    CONCLUSION: Colombian cancer-specific scientific productivity demonstrated a steady growth as opposed to a decreasing mortality trend in the recent years. The research output is predominantly descriptive with relatively low interinstitutional partnership and low impact in the international scientific community.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1200/JGO.19.00164
  7. Ir J Med Sci. 2019 Aug 17.
    The evolution of celiac disease publications: a holistic approach with bibliometric analysis.
    Emre Demir, Atakan Comba.
       BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing number of publications on celiac disease, there is a lack of studies that made a holistic bibliometric evaluation of the studies on this topic.
    AIMS: The purpose of this study is to analyze the publications about celiac disease by using bibliometric methods and this way to demonstrate the celiac disease-related trends, top effective articles, journals, and international collaborations between the countries and institutions.
    METHODS: All articles published between 1980 and 2018 on celiac disease were downloaded from Web of Science and analyzed with bibliometric methods. The correlations between economic development and publication productivity of the countries were investigated with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the number of publications and citations.
    RESULTS: The literature review showed that there were 6545 articles about celiac disease published between the years 1980 and 2018. The top productive country that produced most publications about celiac disease was the Italy. The most prolific journals were the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition and Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. There was a moderate positive significant correlation between the number of publications and gross domestic product (r = 0.639, p < 0.001).
    CONCLUSIONS: Despite the advanced research on the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of celiac disease, the global research level about the disease is low. Therefore, the international collaboration about the disease should not remain at only regional contexts; the exchange of knowledge and common studies especially in developing or underdeveloped countries should be supported in terms of prevalence and clinic studies.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Celiac disease; Coeliac disease; Scientometrics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-019-02080-x
  8. Int J Reprod Biomed (Yazd). 2019 May;pii: ijrm.v17i5.4602. [Epub ahead of print]17(5):
    Fatemeh Makkizadeh Ph.D., Esmaeil Bigdeloo M.A.
    Fatemeh Makkizadeh, Esmaeil Bigdeloo.
       Background: The Co-word analysis has the ability to identify the intellectual structure of knowledge in a research domain and reveal its subsurface research aspects.
    Objective: This study examines the intellectual structure of knowledge in the field of Andrology during the period 2008-2017 using Co-word analysis.
    Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study with a scientometric approach, the WoS database was searched for papers indexed under "Andrology" over the period 2008-2017. The data were analyzed using Co-word, clustering methods, and strategic diagram with the help of SPSS, UcInet, RavarPreMap and VOSviewer software.
    Results: The highest publication rate in the area of Andrology was seen in countries like the USA, China, Italy, and Iran. The top three journals that published papers on the field were Fertility and Sterility, Andrologia, Human reproduction. The results showed that the keyword "Spermatozoa" and two pairs of frequently used keywords, namely "Azoospermia * Oligospermia" were the most frequent in the field of Andrology. The results of hierarchical clustering led to 13 clusters. The clusters "Reproductive Techniques" and "Spermatogenesis" are the core clusters and play an effective role. The "Post-Testicular causes" and "Neoplasm" clusters are in marginal.
    Conclusion: This study represented that Co-word analysis can well illustrate the intellectual structure of an area. Considering the frequency of keywords along with the clusters obtained, it seems that the majority of research approach was seen on infertility treatments, especially through assisted reproductive technology. Despite the importance of psychological aspects as well as education of reproductive health, these subjects have not been sufficiently considered.
    Keywords:  Andrology; Co-word analysis; Intellectual structure.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.18502/ijrm.v17i5.4602
  9. Medwave. 2019 Jun 26. 19(5): e7658
    Scientific production of midwives in Latin American obstetrics and gynecology journals indexed in Scopus.
    Elizabeth Zavaleta-Lopez, David Villarreal-Zegarra, Julio Cjuno, Janina Bazalar-Palacios.
       Objetive: To describe the characteristics of the scientific production of midwives in Latin American obstetrics and gynecology journals indexed to Scopus during the period 2011 to 2016.
    Methods: This paper reports a descriptive bibliometric study, with intentional non-probabilistic sampling. We analyzed articles of research papers published by midwives in medical specialty journals in obstetrics and gynecology of Latin America indexed to Scopus, in the 2011 to 2016 period.
    Results: We found eight obstetrics and gynecology journals in Latin America indexed in Scopus. There were 1,696 articles published between 2011 and 2016, of which 4.9% were authored or co-authored by midwives. Of these publications, 93.8% were related to topics of the specialty, 62.5% had midwives as corresponding authors, 64.1% of papers were in Spanish, only 3.1% were published in English, and 57.8% of midwives worked in Chile at the time of publication. In 2016, there was one-fifth the number of publications compared to 2012.
    Conclusions: We found little scientific production by midwives in Latin American obstetrics and gynecology journals indexed in Scopus. Strategies that encourage and allow research and scientific production by midwives are needed.
    Keywords:   bibliometrics; journal article (MeSH NLM).; medical as topic; obstetrics; gynecology; manuscripts
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2019.05.7658
  10. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2019 Aug 21. 264 1616-1617
    Data Mining in Nursing: A Bibliometric Analysis (1990-2017).
    Qian Xiao, Jiani Wang, Yanling Wang, Ying Wu.
      To explore the current trends and future directions of data mining in nursing, we systematically searched English and Chinese databases (from 1990 to 2017) with data mining and nursing related keywords. We found 407 papers, which increased rapidly in the recent five years. Data mining was the most widely used in clinical nursing (50.6%). Chinese papers focused on exploring new nursing knowledge and rules, while English papers focused on promoting nursing practice by data mining.
    Keywords:  Bibliometric analysis; Data mining; Nursing informatics
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI190562
  11. J Visc Surg. 2019 Aug 20. pii: S1878-7886(19)30092-X. [Epub ahead of print]
    The increasing prominence of "non-surgical" articles in surgical literature.
    M Selvy, B Le Roy, A Abjean, J Veziant, B Pereira, K Slim.
       INTRODUCTION: Publications in the surgical field have usually to do with technical skills (TS). However, the field peripheral to surgical procedures, which brings to bear non-technical skills (NTS) has been achieving increasing prominence. The goal of this study is to objectively assess the evolution of the two fields in surgical literature.
    METHODS: The authors perused all the articles published over a decade in four large-scale surgical journals and assigned them to the following three categories: (1) TS, (2) NTS or (3) miscellaneous. While the "TS group" included all aspects of surgical procedures, the "NTS group" comprised all aspects of non-surgical perioperative management, and the "miscellaneous group" was composed of all elements extraneous to the first two fields.
    RESULTS: Of the 8775 articles analyzed, 4326 (49%) belonged to the TS group, 2343 (27%) to the NTS group and 2138 (24%) to the miscellaneous group. There was a significant decrease in the proportion of TS publications [61% in 2007, 44% in 2016 (P<0.001)], accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion of NTS publications (16% in 2007, 34% in 2016 (P<0,001)] over the course of the last decade. The trend first appeared in 2009 and has been confirmed and reinforced over the ensuing years.
    CONCLUSION: The increasing prominence of non-surgical skills represents a major shift in the editorial choices of high impact surgical journals. It highlights the extent to which the surgical community is manifesting increased interest in the perioperative field, which is now drawing almost as much attention as surgical procedure per se.
    Keywords:  Non-surgical (non-technical) skills; Surgery; Surgical innovation
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2019.06.012
  12. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2019 Aug 21. 264 1960-1961
    Current Status and Trends in Health Informatics Research: A Bibliometric Analysis by Health Technology and Informatics.
    Siru Liu, Jialin Liu, Tao Zheng.
      The aim of this study was to understand status and trends in health/medical informatics research. We used the Scopus database to extract all papers published in Studies in Health Technology and Informatics from 2008 to 2017. This study presented the key bibliometric indicators such as annual publications, top 10 authors, institutions, countries, and cooccurrence of keywords. These findings can be used to enhance our understanding of health/medical informatics research.
    Keywords:  Bibliometrics; Health informatics; Medical informatics; Research
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI190734
  13. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019 Aug;69(8): 1150-1158
    Bibliometric analysis of the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association during the period from 1965 to 2018.
    Aamir Raoof Memon.
       OBJECTIVE: To conduct a bibliometric analysis of the citable documents published in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association from 1965 to 2018.
    METHODS: This bibliometric study of the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association was conducted using Scopus and included citable documents (original articles and review articles). The outcome parameters were number of publications, citations, top countries, authors, institutions, and citation analysis and impact factor. In addition, most frequent author keywords were presented as visualization map, using VOS viewer. The data was imported from Scopus as Microsoft Excel files and analyzed.
    RESULTS: The total number of documents identified was 8,521 and 7,245 (85.03%) were included in the analysis. Articles were the most common category of the documents articles published in the journal were articles (n=6,721; 78.88%). The highest number of publications (n=441) was recorded for 2016 and citations (n=3,060) for 2017. The highest number of documents came from Pakistan (57.83%) and Aga Khan University (26%). There was a steep increase in impact factor from 0.409 to 0.718 from 2013 to 2017. The most common author keywords on the visualization map were 'Pakistan', 'diabetes', 'medical students', 'diabetes mellitus', 'prevalence'.
    CONCLUSIONS: There is a continuous increase in the number of publications, citations, and impact factor of the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. In addition, the journal appears to attract wider audience, which is reflected by the analysis of its two-thousand highly cited papers.
    Keywords:  Bibliometric indicators, Citation analysis, Databases, Journals, Publications
  14. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019 Aug 22. 19(1): 225
    Research trends of acupuncture therapy on insomnia in two decades (from 1999 to 2018):a bibliometric analysis.
    Wenya Pei, Rui Peng, Yuan Gu, Xiaohong Zhou, Jingwen Ruan.
       OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the global scientific output of research of acupuncture on insomnia and explore the hotspots and frontiers from 1999 to 2018, by using bibliometric methods.
    METHODS: Articles about acupuncture therapy on insomnia were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used Citespace V to analyze publication years, journals, countries, institutions, authors and cited authors. We plotted the reference co-citation network and key words to analyze the research hotspots and trends.
    RESULTS: Until August 31, 2018 31, 2018, a total of 292 records in acupuncture therapy on insomnia research were identified from 1999 to 2018. The number and rate of the annual publication gradually increased. Respectively, SLEEP and J NEUROPSYCH CLIN N (journal of neuropsychiatry and clinical neurosciences) ranked the first in the frequency and centality of cited joural. Among countries, China ranked highest in the number of publications and the top 3 institutes were in Hong Kong. Chung KF and Yeung WF were the most productive authors and YEUNG WF ranked the first in the cited authors. In the ranking of frequency and in cited reference, the first was the article published in by CAO HJ and KALAVAPALLI R. 'Randomized controlled trial' had a high frequncy and centrality in keyword.
    CONCLUSIONS: A higher degree of acceptance acupuncture was obtained in the Asian. Recently, systematic reviews and clinic trials most focused on electrocacupuncture and acupressure among the acupuncture therapy.
    Keywords:  Acupuncture; Bibliometric analysis; Insomnia
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-019-2606-5
  15. J Grad Med Educ. 2019 Aug;11(4 Suppl): 104-109
    Characteristics, Trends, and Factors Associated With Publication Among Residents of Oman Medical Specialty Board Programs.
    Ibrahim S Al-Busaidi, Sultan Z Al-Shaqsi, Awatif K Al-Alawi, Siham Al-Sinani, Ammar Al-Kashmiri.
       Background: Research during residency is associated with better clinical performance, improved critical thinking, and increased interest in an academic career.
    Objective: We examined the rate, characteristics, and factors associated with research publications by residents in Oman Medical Specialty Board (OMSB) programs.
    Methods: We included residents enrolled in 18 OMSB residency programs between 2011 and 2016. Resident characteristics were obtained from the OMSB Training Affairs Department. In April 2018, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases were searched independently by 2 authors for resident publications in peer-reviewed journals using standardized criteria.
    Results: Over the study period, 552 residents trained in OMSB programs; 64% (351 of 552) were female, and the mean age at matriculation was 29.4 ± 2.2 years. Most residents (71%, 393 of 552) were in the early stages of specialty training (R ≤ 3) and 49% (268 of 552) completed a designated research block as part of their training. Between 2011 and 2016, 43 residents published 42 research articles (range, 1-5 resident authors per article), for an overall publication rate of 8%. Residents were the first authors in 20 (48%) publications. Male residents (odds ratio [OR] = 2.07; P = .025, 95% CI 1.1-3.91) and residents who completed a research block (OR = 2.57; P = .017, 95% CI 1.19-5.57) were significantly more likely to publish.
    Conclusions: Research training during residency can result in tangible research output. Future studies should explore barriers to publication for resident research and identify interventions to promote formal scholarly activity during residency.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-19-00259
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