bims-cytox1 Biomed News
on Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1
Issue of 2019–03–17
two papers selected by
Gavin McStay, Staffordshire University
  1. Lipomatosis Incidence and Characteristics in an Italian Cohort of Mitochondrial Patients.
  2. Transport of Proteins into Mitochondria.
  1. Front Neurol. 2019 ;10 160
    Lipomatosis Incidence and Characteristics in an Italian Cohort of Mitochondrial Patients.
    Olimpia Musumeci, Emanuele Barca, Costanza Lamperti, Serenella Servidei, Giacomo Pietro Comi, Maurizio Moggio, Tiziana Mongini, Gabriele Siciliano, Massimiliano Filosto, Elena Pegoraro, Guido Primiano, Dario Ronchi, Liliana Vercelli, Daniele Orsucci, Luca Bello, Massimo Zeviani, Michelangelo Mancuso, Antonio Toscano.
      Lipomas have often been associated with mtDNA mutations and were mainly observed in patients with mutation in mitochondrial tRNAlysine which is also the most frequent mutation associated with MERRF. Up to date, no systematic studies have been developed in order to assess the incidence of lipomas in large cohorts of mitochondrial patients.The aim of this study is to analyze the incidence and characteristics of lipomas among an Italian cohort of patients with mitochondrial diseases. A retrospective, database-based study (Nation-wide Italian Collaborative Network of Mitochondrial Diseases) of patients with lipomas was performed. A total of 22 (1.7%) patients with lipomas have been identified among the 1,300 mitochondrial patients, enrolled in the Italian database. In about 18% multiple systemic lipomatosis (MSL) was the only clinical manifestation; 54% of patients showed a classical MERRF syndrome. Myopathy, alone or in association with other symptoms, was found in 27% of patients. Lactate was elevated in all the 12 patients in which was measured. Muscle biopsy was available in 18/22 patients: in all of them mitochondrial abnormalities were present. Eighty six percent had mutations in mtDNA coding for tRNA lysine. In most of patients, lipomas were localized along the cervical-cranial-thoracic region. In 68% of the patients were distributed symmetrically. Only two patients had lipomas in a single anatomical site (1 in right arm and 1 in gluteus maximum). MSL is often overlooked by clinicians in patients with mitochondrial diseases where the clinical picture could be dominated by a severe multi-systemic involvement. Our data confirmed that MSL is a rare sign of mitochondrial disease with a strong association between multiple lipomas and lysine tRNA mutations. MSL could be considered, even if rare, a red flag for mitochondrial disorders, even in patients with an apparently isolated MSL.
    Keywords:  MERRF; brown fat; madelung's disease; mitochondrial myopathy; multiple symmetrical lipomatosis
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00160
  2. Protein J. 2019 Mar 13.
    Transport of Proteins into Mitochondria.
    Katja G Hansen, Johannes M Herrmann.
      Mitochondria are essential organelles of eukaryotic cells. They consist of hundreds of different proteins that exhibit crucial activities in respiration, catabolic metabolism and the synthesis of amino acids, lipids, heme and iron-sulfur clusters. With the exception of a handful of hydrophobic mitochondrially encoded membrane proteins, all these proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, targeted to receptors on the mitochondrial surface, and transported across or inserted into the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane before they are folded and assembled into their final native structure. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms and components of the mitochondrial protein import systems with a particular focus on recent developments in the field.
    Keywords:  ER-SURF; Mitochondria; Protein import; Targeting signals
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-019-09819-6
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