bims-cytox1 Biomed News
on Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1
Issue of 2018–08–19
two papers selected by
Gavin McStay, Staffordshire University
  1. Assessing mitochondrial heteroplasmy using next generation sequencing: A note of caution.
  2. Redox regulation of GRPEL2 nucleotide exchange factor for mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone.
  1. Mitochondrion. 2018 Aug 08. pii: S1567-7249(18)30087-4. [Epub ahead of print]
    Assessing mitochondrial heteroplasmy using next generation sequencing: A note of caution.
    Mauro Santibanez Koref, Helen Griffin, Douglass M Turnbull, Patrick F Chinnery, Mary Herbert, Gavin Hudson.
      The mitochondrial genome has recently become the focus of several high-impact next-generation sequencing studies investigating the effect of mutations in disease and assessing the efficacy of mitochondrial replacement therapies. However, these studies have failed to take into consideration the capture of recurring translocations of mitochondrial DNA to the nuclear genome, known as nuclear mitochondrial sequences (NUMTs), continuing to align sequence data to the revised Cambridge reference sequence alone. Here, using different mtDNA enrichment techniques and a variety of tissues, we demonstrate that NUMTs are present in sequence data and that, dependent upon downstream analysis, are at a level which affects variant calling.
    Keywords:  Bioinformatic analysis; Heteroplasmy; Mitochondrial DNA; Next-generation sequencing
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mito.2018.08.003
  2. Redox Biol. 2018 Aug 04. pii: S2213-2317(18)30532-9. [Epub ahead of print]19 37-45
    Redox regulation of GRPEL2 nucleotide exchange factor for mitochondrial HSP70 chaperone.
    Svetlana Konovalova, Xiaonan Liu, Pooja Manjunath, Sundar Baral, Nirajan Neupane, Taru Hilander, Yang Yang, Diego Balboa, Mügen Terzioglu, Liliya Euro, Markku Varjosalo, Henna Tyynismaa.
      Mitochondria are central organelles to cellular metabolism. Their function relies largely on nuclear-encoded proteins that must be imported from the cytosol, and thus the protein import pathways are important for the maintenance of mitochondrial proteostasis. Mitochondrial HSP70 (mtHsp70) is a key component in facilitating the translocation of proteins through the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix. Its protein folding cycle is regulated by the nucleotide-exchange factor GrpE, which triggers the release of folded proteins by ATP rebinding. Vertebrates have two mitochondrial GrpE paralogs, GRPEL1 and 2, but without clearly defined roles. Using BioID proximity labeling to identify potential binding partners of the GRPELs in the mitochondrial matrix, we obtained results supporting a model where both GRPELs regulate mtHsp70 as homodimers. We show that GRPEL2 is not essential in human cultured cells, and its absence does not prevent mitochondrial protein import. Instead we find that GRPEL2 is redox regulated in oxidative stress. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide, GRPEL2 forms dimers through intermolecular disulfide bonds in which Cys87 is the thiol switch. We propose that the dimerization of GRPEL2 may activate the folding machinery responsible for protein import into mitochondrial matrix or enhance the chaperone activity of mtHSP70, thus protecting mitochondrial proteostasis in oxidative stress.
    Keywords:  GRPEL2; Mitochondrial protein import; Oxidative stress; Protein folding; Redox regulation; mtHSP70
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.024
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