bims-ciryme 2022-10-09 papers

Cell Metab. 2022 Oct 04. pii: S1550-4131(22)00361-8. [Epub ahead of print]34(10): 1442-1456.e7

Feasibility of time-restricted eating and impacts on cardiometabolic health in 24-h shift workers: The Healthy Heroes randomized control trial.

Emily N C Manoogian, Adena Zadourian, Hannah C Lo, Nikko R Gutierrez, Azarin Shoghi, Ashley Rosander, Aryana Pazargadi, Cameron K Ormiston, Xinran Wang, Jialu Sui, Zhaoyi Hou, Jason G Fleischer, Shahrokh Golshan, Pam R Taub, Satchidananda Panda.

Over a quarter of the workforce in industrialized countries does shift work, which increases the risk for cardiometabolic disease. Yet shift workers are often excluded from lifestyle intervention studies to reduce this risk. In a randomized control trial with 137 firefighters who work 24-h shifts (23-59 years old, 9% female), 12 weeks of 10-h time-restricted eating (TRE) was feasible, with TRE participants decreasing their eating window (baseline, mean 14.13 h, 95% CI 13.78-14.47 h; intervention, 11.13 h, 95% CI 10.73-11.54 h, p = 3.29E-17) with no adverse effects, and improved quality of life assessed via SF-36 (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03533023). Compared to the standard of care (SOC) arm, TRE significantly decreased VLDL particle size. In participants with elevated cardiometabolic risks at baseline, there were significant reductions in TRE compared to SOC in glycated hemoglobin A1C and diastolic blood pressure. For individuals working a 24-h shift schedule, TRE is feasible and can improve cardiometabolic health, especially for individuals with increased risk. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

Keywords: TRF; circadian; diabetes; firefighters; hypertension; intermittent fasting; quality of life; shift work; sleep; time-restricted eating

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.018

Cell Metab. 2022 Oct 04. pii: S1550-4131(22)00397-7. [Epub ahead of print]34(10): 1486-1498.e7

Late isocaloric eating increases hunger, decreases energy expenditure, and modifies metabolic pathways in adults with overweight and obesity.

Nina Vujović, Matthew J Piron, Jingyi Qian, Sarah L Chellappa, Arlet Nedeltcheva, David Barr, Su Wei Heng, Kayla Kerlin, Suhina Srivastav, Wei Wang, Brent Shoji, Marta Garaulet, Matthew J Brady, Frank A J L Scheer.

Late eating has been linked to obesity risk. It is unclear whether this is caused by changes in hunger and appetite, energy expenditure, or both, and whether molecular pathways in adipose tissues are involved. Therefore, we conducted a randomized, controlled, crossover trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02298790) to determine the effects of late versus early eating while rigorously controlling for nutrient intake, physical activity, sleep, and light exposure. Late eating increased hunger (p < 0.0001) and altered appetite-regulating hormones, increasing waketime and 24-h ghrelin:leptin ratio (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Furthermore, late eating decreased waketime energy expenditure (p = 0.002) and 24-h core body temperature (p = 0.019). Adipose tissue gene expression analyses showed that late eating altered pathways involved in lipid metabolism, e.g., p38 MAPK signaling, TGF-β signaling, modulation of receptor tyrosine kinases, and autophagy, in a direction consistent with decreased lipolysis/increased adipogenesis. These findings show converging mechanisms by which late eating may result in positive energy balance and increased obesity risk.

Keywords: adipose; early eating; energy expenditure; energy intake; gene expression; ghrelin; hunger; late eating; leptin; meal timing

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.007

Cell Metab. 2022 Oct 04. pii: S1550-4131(22)00393-X. [Epub ahead of print]34(10): 1457-1471.e4

Time-restricted eating and exercise training improve HbA1c and body composition in women with overweight/obesity: A randomized controlled trial.

Kamilla L Haganes, Catalina P Silva, Svala K Eyjólfsdóttir, Sandra Steen, Martine Grindberg, Stian Lydersen, John A Hawley, Trine Moholdt.

Diet modification and exercise training are primary lifestyle strategies for obesity management, but poor adherence rates limit their effectiveness. Time-restricted eating (TRE) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improve cardiometabolic health in at-risk individuals, but whether these two interventions combined induce superior improvements in glycemic control than each individual intervention is not known. In this four-armed randomized controlled trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04019860), we determined the isolated and combined effects of 7 weeks of TRE (≤10-h daily eating window, with ad libitum energy intake) and HIIT (three exercise sessions per week), compared with a non-intervention control group, on glycemic control and secondary cardiometabolic outcomes in 131 women (36.2 ± 6.2 years) with overweight/obesity. There were no statistically significant effects after isolated TRE, HIIT, or a combination (TREHIIT) on glucose area under the curve during an oral glucose tolerance test (the primary outcome) compared with the control group (TRE, -26.3 mmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI], -82.3 to 29.7, p = 0.36; HIIT, -53.8 mmol/L; 95% CI, -109.2 to 1.6, p = 0.057; TREHIIT, -41.3 mmol/L; 95% CI, -96.4 to 13.8, p = 0.14). However, TREHIIT improved HbA1c and induced superior reductions in total and visceral fat mass compared with TRE and HIIT alone. High participant adherence rates suggest that TRE, HIIT, and a combination thereof may be realistic diet-exercise strategies for improving markers of metabolic health in women at risk of cardiometabolic disease.

Keywords: body composition; cardiorespiratory fitness; circadian rhythm; diet; fasting; female; glycemic control; high-intensity interval training; insulin resistance; risk factors

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.003