bims-ciryme Biomed News
on Circadian rhythms and metabolism
Issue of 2019–12–22
two papers selected by
Gabriela Da Silva Xavier, University of Birmingham
  1. Circadian misalignment alters insulin sensitivity during the light phase and shifts glucose tolerance rhythms in female mice.
  2. Genomics of circadian rhythms in health and disease.
  1. PLoS One. 2019 ;14(12): e0225813
    Circadian misalignment alters insulin sensitivity during the light phase and shifts glucose tolerance rhythms in female mice.
    Li-Xin Zhong, Xiao-Na Li, Guang-Yu Yang, Xia Zhang, Wen-Xue Li, Qian-Qian Zhang, Huan-Xin Pan, Hui-Hong Zhang, Meng-Ya Zhou, Yi-Ding Wang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Qian-Sheng Hu, Wei Zhu, Bo Zhang.
      Shift work and jet lag, characterized by circadian misalignment, can disrupt several physiological activities, but whether they affect the rhythm of glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity remain unclear. In the present study, female C57BL/6J mice were maintained for four weeks under the condition of 8-hour phase advance and delay every 3-4 days to mimic shift work. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) were performed repeatedly at Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0, ZT6, ZT12, and ZT18. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) test was performed at ZT6. We found that the average level of daily glucose tolerance did not decrease but the phase of glucose tolerance advanced by 2.27 hours and the amplitude attenuated by 20.4% in shift work mice. At ZT6, IPITT showed blood glucose at 30 min after insulin injection decreased faster in shift work mice (-3.50±0.74mmol/L, -61.58±7.89%) than that in control mice (-2.11±1.10mmol/L, -33.72±17.24%), but IPGTT and GSIS test showed no significant difference between the two groups. Food intake monitor showed that the feeding time of shift work mice continued to advance. Restricting feed to a fixed 12-hour period alleviated the increase of insulin sensitivity induced by shift-work. We also observed that an increase of blood glucose and liver glycogen at ZT0, as well as a phase advance of liver clock genes and some glucose metabolism-related genes such as forkhead box O1 (Foxo1) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (Pparα) in shift work mice. Our results showed that light change-simulated shift work altered insulin sensitivity during the light phase and shifted glucose tolerance rhythms in female mice, suggesting a causal association between long-term shift work and type 2 diabetes.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225813
  2. Genome Med. 2019 Dec 17. 11(1): 82
    Genomics of circadian rhythms in health and disease.
    Filipa Rijo-Ferreira, Joseph S Takahashi.
      Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-h physiological and behavioral processes. The central circadian clock exerts control over myriad aspects of mammalian physiology, including the regulation of sleep, metabolism, and the immune system. Here, we review advances in understanding the genetic regulation of sleep through the circadian system, as well as the impact of dysregulated gene expression on metabolic function. We also review recent studies that have begun to unravel the circadian clock's role in controlling the cardiovascular and nervous systems, gut microbiota, cancer, and aging. Such circadian control of these systems relies, in part, on transcriptional regulation, with recent evidence for genome-wide regulation of the clock through circadian chromosome organization. These novel insights into the genomic regulation of human physiology provide opportunities for the discovery of improved treatment strategies and new understanding of the biological underpinnings of human disease.
    DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-019-0704-0
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